61例儿童肾母细胞瘤的诊断治疗与随访

目的 评价不同因素对儿童肾母细胞瘤生存率的影响,以期更合理地选择治疗方式,进一步改善患儿预后。方法 回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院儿童血液/肿瘤科2007年1月—2012年12月收治的61例肾母细胞瘤病例,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法对临床资料进行统计分析。结果 61例患儿中,男童41例,女童20例,4年预期总体生存率为91.8%。各临床分期4年预期总体生存率Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期为100%,Ⅲ期为90.5%,Ⅳ＋Ⅴ期为78.6%,晚期肾母细胞瘤生存率明显低于早期组,而肿瘤残留或破溃组患儿的生存率较无瘤组明显降低（4年总体生存率：82.6% vs 97.4%,P〈0.05）。结论 儿童肾母细胞瘤的总体预后良好,规范的多学科联合诊治模式改善了该病的预后,临床分期和肿瘤是否残留或破溃是重要的预后因素。     

风湿性疾病肌炎的诊断与治疗

肌炎是一组特发性的、以肌肉的非化脓性炎症为表现的综合征。它是风湿性疾病常见的损害 ,临床表现为对称性的肢带肌 (如骨盆带肌和肩胛带肌 )、颈肌及咽肌无力。传统将肌炎分为 6个类型 :Ⅰ型为原发性多发性肌炎 ,Ⅱ型为原发性皮肌炎 ,Ⅲ型为恶性肿瘤相关的多发性肌炎或皮肌炎 ,Ⅳ型为儿童多发性肌炎和皮肌炎 ,Ⅴ型为其他结缔组织病伴发的多发性肌炎和皮肌炎 ,Ⅵ型为其他类型的肌炎 ,如包涵体肌炎、嗜酸性粒细胞性肌炎、局限性结节性肌炎等。1　原发性的多发性肌炎和皮肌炎目前诊断多发性肌炎和皮肌炎多采用Ｍａｄｄｉｎ等 (1982 )提出的诊…     

Recurrences and sequelae of rheumatic fever in Nashville. A follow-up study

A follow-up study of 311 patients who acquired rheumatic fever in Nashville, Tenn, during the period from 1963 to 1969 showed that 53% took penicillin prophylaxis regularly, 36% did not take it as recommended, and 11% did not take it at all. There were no recurrences among those who received prophylaxis by injection regularly, six recurrences among those who took oral prophylaxis regularly, and no recurrences among 45 subjects who did not take prophylaxis. Among these 45, however, were 29 for whom prophylaxis was not recommended by their physicians. The original study indicated that the incidence of acute rheumatic fever among blacks was twice as high as among whites. In the present study, incidence of rheumatic heart disease and recurrences was substantially higher among blacks than among whites.     

Diagnosis and management of coeliac disease in children

Coeliac disease (CD) remains under diagnosed with only 10-20% of patients identified. Genes encoding HLA DQ2 or DQ8 are found in the vast majority of those with CD and testing for their presence can be useful to rule out the possibility CD. CD is more common in certain ethnic groups including those of North Indian origin. The classical presentation tends to occur in younger children, while atypical presentations occur at an older age. The number of children being diagnosed with CD is increasing; this may be due to greater recognition of the more atypical presentations, improved serologic tests, and the screening of asymptomatic groups at increased risk, but may also be due to an overall increased prevalence. Although serologic testing has become more reliable, there still remain significant problems around testing, particularly in those <18 months of age. All children should undergo a duodenal biopsy on a gluten containing diet in order to diagnose CD before recommending a gluten-free diet (GFD). A GFD should be offered to all children diagnosed with CD even when perceived as asymptomatic, as there is significant morbidity associated with CD later in life.     

口腔门诊1 044例初诊儿童就诊意识分析

目的 了解门诊初诊儿童就诊时主诉牙的病种及家长愿意接受的治疗程度,使儿童口腔疾病的预防和宣教工作更具有针对性.方法 收集门诊初诊儿童1 044例,所得数据运用 SPSS/PC+作统计分析.结果 初诊儿童就诊的病种由多至少依次为龋病,根尖周病,牙髓病和牙外伤.大多数家长愿意接受治疗主诉牙或全部坏牙,很少家长愿意对儿童牙齿进行健康管理.结论 提示需进一步加强儿童牙病的预防 ,强化大众的口腔健康意识.     

Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in a rural central Australian aboriginal community

A retrospective study of clinical case records was conducted at the health centre of a rural central Australian Aboriginal community to determine the frequency of acute rheumatic fever and of rheumatic heart disease between 1978 and 1987. The case records of 976 residents over 5 years of age were examined for evidence of the clinical indicators of acute rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease; together they contributed 8015 person-years of study. During the 10-year study period, 18 patients developed acute rheumatic fever and 12 patients had rheumatic heart disease. The annual incidence of acute rheumatic fever (first and recurrent attacks) for children aged 5-14 years was 815 per 100,000 person-years. For the residents aged 5 years and over, the point prevalence for rheumatic heart disease at the end of 1987 was between 7.9 and 12.3 per 1000 persons, according to health clinic records and the official population census, respectively. These rates are similar to those reported for Third World countries. Preventive measures must include efforts by health professionals to help to alleviate the adverse living conditions in Aboriginal communities.     

小儿风湿热及风湿性心脏病的临床特点分析

目的探讨小儿风湿热及风湿性心脏病的特点,从而为临床诊断和治疗提供指导。方法将2007年1月～2012年1月期间在本院住院治疗的70例因风湿热致风湿性心脏病患儿根据症状典型与否分为观察组43例和对照组27例,回顾性分析和比较两组患儿临床体征和实验室指标。结果观察组心肌炎26例,发病率为60．47％,明显高于对照组的33．33％（χ2=4．513,P〈0．05）;对照组多发性关节炎合并心脏炎、心力衰竭、关节痛发病率分别为55．56％、11．1l％和81．48％,显著高于观察组的30．23％、0．0％和53．49％（χ2=4．304、3．879、3．962,均P〈0．05）;两组患儿ERS增快发生率与AS0阳性率比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;观察组GAS指标阳性人数显著高于对照组（χ2=5．026,P〈0．05）,而对照组CoxB阳性例数显著高于观察组（χ2=3．968,P〈0．05）,提示临床症状典型患儿CoxB与GAS指标与不典型患儿之间存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论应加强对不典型性小儿风湿热的鉴别诊断,重视小儿风湿热及风湿性心脏病的治疗。     

Achilles tendon rupture owing to rheumatoid disease. Case report with a nine-year follow-up.

Rheumatoid disease as a cause for achilles tendon rupture has been inferred but never reported to my knowledge. A patient with confirmed achilles tendon rupture from rheumatoid disease has been free from disease for nine years following tenoplasty and synoviobursectomy of the achilles tendon.     

儿童风湿热和风心病60例临床分析

收集1983年1月～1993年1月按修定的Jones标准诊断为风湿热和风心病并风湿活动的5～15岁患儿共60例,并进行了分析,认为诊断风湿热或风湿活动应开展多项目、多指标联合检查,并结合临床综合分析。强的松与阿斯匹林联合应用较单一用药为优,并应坚持全疗程。预防风心病关键在于防止风湿热的复发.     

Epidemiology of rheumatic and congenital heart diseases in school children.

A stratified random sample of 10,263 school-going children in the age group of 6-16 years from government and private schools were screened for the prevalence of rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart diseases and congenital heart diseases. Fourteen children were found to have rheumatic heart disease with valvular lesions either single or in combination eg, pure mitral stenosis (6 cases), mitral regurgitation (4 cases), combined mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation (3 cases) and aortic and mitral regurgitation (one case). Eight children had congenital heart diseases in the form of ventricular septal defect (3 cases), atrial septal defect (2 cases), patent ductus arteriosus (2 cases) and congenital bicuspid aortic valve (one case) while none had active rheumatic fever.