游离股前外侧穿支薄皮瓣联合负压封闭引流术修复足踝部创面

目的探讨应用游离股前外侧穿支薄皮瓣联合负压封闭引流术(Vacuum Sealing Drainage, VSD)修复足踝部创面的临床效果。方法 2015年12月-2018年6月对16例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的患者,急诊Ⅰ期予VSD覆盖创面,Ⅱ期应用游离股前外侧穿支薄皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣切取面积10 cm×7 cm～25 cm×12 cm,供区创面予直接缝合或全厚皮片植皮。结果术后16例皮瓣全部成活,3例皮瓣远端创面不愈合,经清创及换药等处理后愈合。术后13例获随访,随访时间为3～18个月,皮瓣质地柔软,外观及功能恢复满意,供区恢复良好,无明显瘢痕增生。结论应用股前外侧穿支薄皮瓣联合VSD技术修复足踝部软组织缺损,可获得满意的临床效果。     

VSD技术联合游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复手部桡侧半缺损

目的探讨应用负压封闭引流（vacuum sealing drainage,VSD）技术联合股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复手部桡侧半缺损的临床疗效。方法应用VSD技术联合股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复手部桡侧半缺损6例。急诊清创后,创面用VSD材料覆盖,二期行游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复,切取皮瓣面积最大为12cm×10cm．最小为10cm×8cm。结果6例6块皮瓣全部成活,无截肢病例,随访3个月～2年,平均12个月,皮瓣外形及感觉恢复良好,供区愈合良好。结论应用VSD技术联合游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复手部桡侧半缺损．可获得较好的临床效果。     

负压封闭吸引联合股前外侧穿支游离皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损

[目的] 探讨应用负压封闭吸引联合股前外侧穿支游离皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损的临床疗效。[方法] 回顾性分析2017年6月～2019年6月7例下肢软组织较大面积缺损的患者,其中男5例,女2例,年龄17～58岁。下肢软组织缺损面积约8.0 cm×13.5 cm～12.0 cm×16.0 cm。一期创面给予彻底清创后,再负压封闭吸引处理。二期创面采用股前外侧穿支游离皮瓣修复。切取皮瓣面积8.5 cm×14.5 cm～13.0 cm×19.0 cm,平均(9.02±1.14) cm×(16.07±1.76) cm,大腿供区切取皮瓣后直接一期缝合。随访观察创面愈合、移植皮瓣形态、取皮区瘢痕、皮肤感觉等情况。[结果] 术后7例患者移植皮瓣均完全存活,其中1例患者术后曾发生静脉危象,术后再次手术探查并吻合皮下静脉,换药观察后存活。平均随访时间1～7个月,移植皮瓣形态、感觉及患肢活动功能恢复基本满意。1例供区皮肤术后瘢痕增生,形态欠佳,其余患者大腿供皮区只遗留不明显的线形瘢痕。全部患者手术后股四头肌肌力基本正常。1例术后股前外侧触觉稍有减退。[结论] 负压封闭吸引联合游离皮瓣移植修复下肢软组织缺损方法可靠,效果良好。     

游离修薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨应用游离修薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复前臂、手、足部创面的临床疗效.方法 先确定皮瓣穿支血管部位,以此为中心,设计皮瓣并切取,保留阔筋膜盘约4.0 cm × 3.0 cm～3.0 cm×2.5 cm:"沙丘样"削除阔筋膜、皮下脂肪,皮瓣四周可将皮下脂肪完全削去,仅保留真皮层.采用游离修薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复前臂、手、足部创伤性软组织缺损15例.结果 全部病例术后无血管危象发生,有1例修复前臂创面皮瓣远端约2.0 cm×1.2 cm浅表坏死,经换药愈合.15例术后经3个月～2年随访,皮瓣外形、质地良好,两点辨别觉为8.0～10.0 mm.结论 游离修薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣外形、质地优良,受区感觉恢复良好,对供区创伤小,不需二期整形,是修复手、足部创面优良供区.     

应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复儿童足部软组织缺损

目的:探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣修复儿童足部软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法:自2007年1月～2012年1月应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复儿童足部软组织缺损16例。男10例,女6例,年龄4～13岁,皮肤缺损范围9cm×6cm～15cm×12cm,术中皮瓣切取面积10cm×7cm～16cm×13cm,供区创面直接缝合9例,游离植皮修复7例。结果:术后皮瓣全部成活,无血运障碍,皮瓣均成活,供区植皮均成活,切口一期愈合。患儿术后获随访,随访时间3～24个月,皮瓣质地柔软,外形饱满,色泽正常。结论:应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复儿童足部的软组织缺损,供区损伤小,切取皮瓣面积大,血管蒂长,修复效果好,是修复儿童足部的软组织缺损优良供区。     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复小腿及足部软组织缺损

目的 报道股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复小腿及足部软组织缺损的临床效果. 方法 应用逆行股前外侧穿支皮瓣转移修复小腿上段软组织缺损22例,皮瓣面积16cm×10 cm～25 cm×14 cm;应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复小腿中下段及足部软组织缺损6例,皮瓣面积11 cm×7 cm～18cm× 10 cm. 结果 28例皮瓣全部成活,无并发症发生,合并骨折病例骨折愈合,经10个月～5年随访,皮瓣色泽好、质地优良,除2例足背受区皮瓣外观较为臃肿需二期手术修薄外,皮瓣功能及外观满意.结论 根据伤情,灵活应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣不同术式修复小腿及足部软组织缺损可获得良好的临床效果.     

游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复胫前皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复胫前皮肤、软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对14例胫前皮肤、软组织缺损伴骨外露患者,应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复,皮瓣切取面积14cm×6cm～23cm×12cm,供区直接缝合或以全厚皮片植皮修复。结果术后14例皮瓣全部存活,创面一期愈合,术后随访3～24个月(平均8个月),皮瓣质地优良,无溃疡发生,8例获保护性感觉,骨折愈合后下肢可负重行走。结论股前外侧穿支皮瓣是修复胫前皮肤、软组织缺损的有效方法。     

游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣或隐动脉穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨利用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣或隐动脉穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的效果及手术技术.方法 2006年8月至2012年4月,对足踝部软组织缺损患者25例,创面范围4.0cm×5.5 cm～11.0 cm×23.0 cm.其中,足背软组织缺损采用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复20例,足底软组织缺损采用游离隐动脉穿支皮瓣修复5例.结果 术后25例皮瓣全部成活.术后随访3～ 50个月,平均(18.0±0.8)个月.皮瓣修复后外形大部满意,皮瓣末梢二点辨别觉为10～22 mm,股前外和隐动脉穿支皮瓣组术后3个月随访,恢复S2+以上感觉分别为13/20和5/5例.结论 股前外穿支皮瓣修复足背软组织缺损较合适,隐动脉穿支用于修复足底软组织缺损.避免受区二次手术整形,重视皮瓣供区处理.负压封闭引流技术对开放性损伤导致创面的皮瓣成活有明显促进作用.     

游离股前外侧单穿支分叶皮瓣修复四肢大面积软组织缺损

目的:探讨游离股前外侧单穿支分叶皮瓣在修复四肢大面积软组织缺损中的应用效果。方法:2014年3月至2019年4月,采用游离股前外侧单穿支分叶皮瓣修复四肢大面积软组织缺损9例共10块皮瓣。修复部位：手部及腕部6例,前臂1例,小腿1例,足部1例。四肢软组织缺损面积5 cm× 19 cm~17 cm×24 cm,供区创面均一...     

接力穿支皮瓣在股前外侧皮瓣供区修复中的应用

目的探讨接力穿支皮瓣修复股前外侧皮瓣供区的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2019年3月至2020年6月宿迁市第三医院修复重建显微外科中心因外伤或瘢痕切除导致的皮肤软组织缺损伴骨、肌腱、神经等深部组织外露的患者临床资料。设计并切取游离股前外侧皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损, 从股前外侧皮瓣供区邻近的4个区域(股前内侧、股前外侧近端、股前外侧远端和髂腹股沟)选择切取接力穿支皮瓣修复股前外侧皮瓣供区创面, 接力穿支皮瓣的供区直接缝合。术后随访股前外侧皮瓣、接力穿支皮瓣及其供区外形和功能的恢复情况。结果共纳入28例患者, 年龄15～65岁, 平均37.3岁。股前外侧皮瓣切取面积为12.0 cm×10.0 cm～20.0 cm×13.0 cm。修复股前外侧皮瓣供区切取的邻近接力穿支皮瓣区域为股前内侧13例, 股前外侧远端5例, 股前外侧近端6例, 髂腹股沟4例。接力穿支皮瓣切取面积为6.0 cm×5.0 cm～11.0 cm×7.5 cm。术后随访1～6个月, 平均4.8个月, 28例股前外侧皮瓣和26例接力穿支皮瓣完全成活, 另2例接力穿支皮瓣远端术后2周分别出现1.0 cm×2.0 cm和1.5 cm×1...     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.