河南省大学生自我决定在家庭亲密度和适应性与自我和谐间的中介作用

目的通过分析大学生自我决定在家庭亲密度和适应性与自我和谐间的中介作用,探讨家庭亲密度和适应性影响自我和谐的中介机制。方法采用整群方便取样的方法抽取河南省(郑州、商丘、洛阳、南阳、驻马店和新乡市)10所高校的1285名大学生为研究对象,使用家庭亲密度和适应性量表、自我决定量表、自我和谐量表对其进行测量,分析三者之间的关系。结果相关分析结果表明,家庭亲密度和适应性、自我决定、自我和谐三者间两两相关显著(P<0.001)。中介效应检验结果表明,自我决定在家庭亲密度与自我和谐间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例为46.11%,自我决定在家庭适应性和自我和谐间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例为52.38%。自我决定的两个维度(自我意识和自主选择)在家庭亲密度和适应性与自我和谐关系间均起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例为26.29%~39.46%。结论家庭亲密度和适应性不仅对自我和谐有直接的预测作用,还可以通过自我决定起间接预测作用。     

肺结核患者家庭亲密度和适应性与健康促进行为相关性研究

目的了解肺结核患者家庭亲密度和适应性与健康促进行为现状及相关性,为制定措施以提高结核患者健康水平提供依据。方法选取2019年2至12月在天津市海河医院结核科住院或门诊治疗的126名确诊肺结核患者为研究对象。应用患者一般资料问卷、家庭亲密度和适应性量表(FACESⅡ-CV)、健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ(HPLPⅡ)对患者进行调查。采用SPSS19.0软件进行t检验、方差分析和Pearson相关分析。结果肺结核患者家庭亲密度及家庭适应性得分分别为(71.29±9.90)和(53.46±8.90)分;患者的健康促进生活方式总分为(135.49±25.31)分,6个维度中人际关系和自我实现得分最高,压力面对和运动锻炼得分最低。肺结核患者家庭亲密度和适应性与健康促进行为总分呈正相关(r值分别为0.325和0.254,P0.05)。结论肺结核患者家庭亲密度及家庭适应性得分属于平衡型,健康促进生活方式总分处于良好水平。医护人员应指导家庭成员与患者积极沟通,加强家庭成员的亲密感,促使患者积极应对压力,增进健康促进行为。     

自我关怀能力、家庭关系对上海高校大学生状态和特质焦虑的影响

目的：调查分析自我关怀能力、家庭关系状况对上海高校大学生状态和特质焦虑的影响,为缓解大学生焦虑情绪提供参考。方法：基于分层整群随机抽样方法,采用自我关怀量表(SCS)、家庭亲密度和适应性量表(FACESII-CV)及状态和特质焦虑量表(STAI)对887名上海高校大学生进行调查。结果：上海高校大学生自我关怀总分为2.59±0.80分,内部维度自我友善、正念、共通人性、自我批评、过度沉溺、自我孤立得分依次为2.77±0.96、2.40±0.83、2.83±0.84、2.24±0.89、2.60±1.09、2.61±0.91分;家庭关系亲密度和适应性得分为3.79±0.39、3.11±0.42分;状态焦虑和特质焦虑得分为45.46±8.06、43.75±7.82分。不同性别、年龄、年级、独生子女情况、户籍性质组大学生状态和特质焦虑得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。自我友善、正念、共通人性得分及家庭关系亲密度、适应性得分对状态和特质焦虑得分有负向预测效应(P<0.05);自我批评、过度沉溺得分对状态焦虑得分有正向预测效应(P<0.01);过度沉溺、自我孤立得分对特质焦虑...     

自我效能感在慢性心力衰竭患者社会支持与恐惧疾病进展间的中介效应

目的 分析研究自我效能感在社会支持与恐惧疾病进展间的中介效应。方法 对2020年9月至2021年4月就诊于黑龙江省某三级甲等医院的150例慢性心力衰竭患者采用简化版中文恐惧疾病进展量表、一般自我效能感量表、社会支持量表进行调查。结果 慢性心力衰竭患者的恐惧疾病进展总分（31.89±6.22）分，41.3%患者有心理功能失调；自我效能总分为(26.51±5.55)；社会支持总分(37.13±7.16)分；恐惧疾病进展与自我效能感、社会支持均存在显著负相关（R=-0.481，P＜0.01；R=-0.424，P＜0.01），社会支持与自我效能感存在显著正相关（R=0.336，P＜0.01）；自我效能感在慢性心力衰竭患者社会支持和恐惧疾病进展之间起到部分中介作用，中介效应占比为30.3%。结论 社会支持对慢性心力衰竭患者恐惧疾病进展有直接预测作用，自我效能感在慢性心力衰竭患者社会支持与恐惧疾病进展间发挥部分中介作用，应采取有效措施提升患者社会支持度和自我效能感，从而改善患者恐惧疾病进展心理水平。     

血液透析患者自我效能、自我用药管理与经济负担之间关系

目的 探讨血液透析患者自我效能、自我用药管理与经济负担之间关系。方法 使用整群随机抽样方法,于2017年2-12月,使用一般资料调查表、自我效能量表、自我用药管理量表对江苏省3所三甲医院血液透析患者进行问卷调查,使用结构方程模型验证自我效能在自我用药管理与经济负担之间中介作用。结果 血液透析患者经济负担为(68.78±6.59)分;自我用药管理得分为(68.81±8.59)分,自我效能得分为(35.67±10.93)分;血液透析患者自我用药管理与自我效能之间呈正向相关关系(r=0.462,P<0.001);自我用药管理与经济负担之间呈负向相关关系(r=-0.383,P<0.001);自我效能与经济负担之间呈负向相关关系(r=-0.443,P<0.001)。自我效能在自我用药管理与经济负担之间起中介作用,中介效应为-0.205,自我用药管理在自我效能与经济负担之间起中介作用,中介效应为-0.174。结论 为了缓解血液透析患者经济负担,医护人员应该关注患者的自我效能和自我用药管理水平。     

自我效能和家庭功能在社区中年居民电子健康素养与健康风险感知间的中介作用

目的 探讨新冠疫情防控常态化形势下自我效能和家庭功能在社区中年居民电子健康素养水平对健康风险感知影响机制的链式中介作用。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,应用一般资料调查表、电子健康素养量表、自我效能量表、家庭支持量表、健康风险感知问卷选取唐山市916位年龄在35～44岁的中年社区居民进行调查。结果 社区中年居民电子健康素养得分30.22±3.99分,自我效能得分34.39±5.69分,家庭功能得分6.49±2.32分,健康风险感知得分31.74±4.40分。自我效能、家庭功能、电子健康素养、健康风险感知均呈正相关（P<0.05）,电子健康素养通过自我效能和家庭功能对健康风险感知的链式中介效应成立,自我效能和家庭功能是电子健康素养和健康风险感知的中介变量,效应值为0.222,中介效应占总效应的59.2%。结论自我效能和家庭功能在社区中年居民电子健康素养和健康风险感知间的链式中介效应成立。     

宫颈癌患者健康促进生活方式现状及影响因素分析

目的调查宫颈癌患者健康促进生活方式的现状,分析其影响因素,探讨与自我管理效能感的相关性,以期为临床宫颈癌患者的健康促进干预提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2019年6月—2020年6月南昌大学第一附属医院妇产科收治的宫颈癌患者120例,采用自行设计的一般资料量表、中文版癌症自我管理效能感量表(SUPHH)及健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ(HPLP-Ⅱ)进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷110份,对结果进行分析。结果SUPHH量表总分为(78.38±20.78)分,HPLP-Ⅱ量表总分为(124.96±22.20)分,健康责任维度条目均分(2.23±0.51)分,自我实现维度条目均分(2.50±0.53)分,压力管理维度条目均分(2.43±0.46)分,身体活动维度条目均分(2.02±0.58)分,人际关系维度条目均分(2.56±0.47)分,营养维度条目均分(2.56±0.53)分。单因素分析结果显示:文化程度(F=3.787,P<0.05)、家庭人均月收入(F=3.224,P<0.05)、家人对待治疗的态度(t=2.838,P<0.05)影响HPLP-Ⅱ量表总分。SUPHH量表总分及各维度得分均与HPLP-Ⅱ量表总分及各维度得分呈正相关(均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示:宫颈癌患者HPLP-Ⅱ量表总分的影响因素包括文化程度、家庭人均月收入、自我管理效能感。结论宫颈癌患者的健康促进生活方式水平与患者的文化程度、家庭人均月收入水平及自我管理效能感有关,可以这3个独立影响因素为着手点制定相应的干预策略,改善宫颈癌患者健康促进生活方式,进而改善生活质量。     

焦虑抑郁在恢复期精神分裂症患者自我效能与社会疏离间的中介效应

目的 探究焦虑抑郁在恢复期精神分裂症患者自我效能与社会疏离间的中介效应。方法 2021年10月-2022年10月，选取唐山市3所精神病院恢复期精神分裂症患者345人。采用一般情况调查表、焦虑抑郁量表、社会支持评定量表、一般疏离感量表对其进行问卷调查，用AMOS26.0构建结构方程模型，并用Boot-strap法检验中介效应。结果 恢复期精神分裂症患者自我效能、焦虑抑郁、社会疏离总分分别为19.19±6.83、18.03±9.61、38.76±6.65分。自我效能、焦虑抑郁、社会疏离三者之间存在相关性(P<0.01)；患者的自我效能与焦虑抑郁成负相关（r=-0.703,P<0.01）、与社会疏离成负相关（r=-0.721,P<0.01），焦虑抑郁与社会疏离成正相关（r=0.730,P<0.01）；焦虑抑郁在自我效能和社会疏离之间存在部分中介效应，中介效应大小为-0.136(95%CI:-0.198～-0.070),占总效应的51.13%。结论 焦虑抑郁、自我效能均可影响恢复期精神分裂症患者的社会疏离感，焦虑抑郁在自我效能和社会疏离之间起部分中介作用。建议医护人员可...     

军校大学生消极应对方式和家庭适应性在儿童期创伤与抑郁中的中介作用

目的考察儿童期创伤对军校大学生抑郁的影响,并分析消极应对方式和家庭适应性的中介作用。方法采用整群抽样的方法,于2017年11月,在重庆市某军校随机选取423名在校大学生作为研究对象,采用儿童期创伤问卷、家庭亲密度与适应性量表中文版、简易应对方式问卷和抑郁自评量表对军校大学生进行调查。结果军校大学生抑郁总分为40.24±12.57,儿童期创伤总分为34.96±12.04,家庭适应性总分为53.44±8.94,家庭亲密度总分为73.47±8.47,积极应对方式总分为25.88±6.15,消极应对方式总分为9.76±3.64。抑郁高分组在儿童期创伤总分及各因子得分和消极应对方式得分上均高于低分组,而在积极应对方式、家庭亲密度和家庭适应性得分上则低于低分组。抑郁得分与儿童期创伤总分及各因子得分和消极应对方式均呈正相关(r=0.229～0.492,均P0.01),与积极应对方式、家庭亲密度和家庭适应性均呈负相关(r=-0.427、-0.468、-0.477,均P0.01)。儿童期创伤总分、积极应对方式、消极应对方式和家庭适应性可有效预测抑郁情况(β=0.275、-0.262、0.171、-0.197,P0.01),可解释37.4%的变异量。消极应对方式和家庭适应性在儿童期创伤与抑郁中起部分中介作用(β=0.029、0.144)。结论儿童期创伤是军校大学生抑郁的危险因素,改善消极应对方式,提高家庭适应性可能有助于缓解儿童期创伤对军校大学生抑郁的影响。     

初中流动儿童家庭亲密度、适应性与社会文化适应的关系——积极心理资本的中介作用

目的为了探讨初中流动儿童家庭亲密度适应性、积极心理资本与社会文化适应的关系。方法采用家庭亲密度适应性量表、积极心理资本量表和社会文化适应量表对河南省4所学校478名初中一年级学生进行问卷调查。结果初中流动儿童在家庭实际亲密度(69. 02±11. 07)、自我效能(31. 09±7. 11)、希望(29.21±6. 16)、乐观(29. 79±5. 77)和社会文化适应(103. 58±13. 40)上的得分与非流动儿童(分别为71.53±10.06、33.15±7.00、31.42±6.33、31.19±6.45和107.92±13.24)比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05～0.01);初中流动儿童的家庭亲密度、适应性、积极心理资本的各因子与社会文化适应均存在显著正相关(r值分别为0.208、0.212、0.465、0.380、0.394和0.340, P0. 05～0.001);积极心理资本在家庭亲密度适应性与社会文化适应之间发挥全部中介作用(P 0.001)。结论父母应通过创设良好的家庭环境,培养孩子的积极心理资本,间接影响和提高初中流动儿童的社会适应能力。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.