Ilizarov技术分期治疗青少年陈旧孟氏骨折

目的探讨Ilizarov技术分期治疗青少年陈旧孟氏骨折肘关节畸形的方法和临床疗效。方法回顾分析我院2014年6月至2017年6月收治的青少年陈旧孟氏骨折肘关节畸形病例5例,采用Ilizarov技术一期尺骨截骨延长,二期桡骨头脱位切开复位肱桡关节内固定术,三期解除肱桡关节克氏针和Ilizarov支架,四期强化功能锻炼。观察桡骨头脱位复位情况,尺骨成角矫正情况,尺骨延长长度,尺骨延长所需天数,尺骨愈合时间,肘关节屈伸活动度、前臂旋转功能、腕关节及手指伸直度情况等指标。结果 5例随访时间3~6个月,桡骨头复位良好,尺骨病理成角基本矫正,尺骨平均延长2.34cm,延长至合适长度平均需时48.6d,尺骨愈合时间平均78.4d。肘关节由术前伸5°~10°,屈50°~70°,旋前10°~20°旋后5°~15°改善为过伸5°~伸0°,屈100°~110°,旋前40°~75°,旋后40°~60°。无合并桡神经深支损伤的患者,伸指伸腕正常。2例桡神经深支损伤患者伸腕50°,伸指-20°。患者主观满意。结论 Ilizarov技术分期治疗青少年陈旧孟氏骨折肘关节畸形尺骨延长满意,愈合良好,桡骨头脱位复位可靠,不短缩桡骨,同时不重建环状韧带,方法简单,短期随访疗效满意,可供临床选择使用。     

低龄儿童2年以内陈旧性孟氏骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨低龄儿童2年以内陈旧性孟氏骨折手术治疗的疗效。方法对38例2年以内陈旧性孟氏骨折低龄患儿采取尺骨近端截骨克氏针内固定,桡骨小头切开复位、肱桡关节克氏针内固定。结果 38例全部得到随访,时间2~12个月。术后2例发生桡骨小头半脱位。4例桡神经损伤患儿功能完全恢复,其余患儿肘关节无畸形,无疼痛。肘关节伸直活动范围0°~20°(6°±4°),屈曲活动120°~135°(130°±5°),旋前平均80°±5°,旋后平均85°±5°。根据Mackay标准评定:优30例(78.9%),良6例(15.8%),差2例(5.3%)。结论尺骨近端截骨克氏针内固定手术治疗低龄儿童2年以内陈旧性孟氏骨折,疗效良好。     

儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折遗留关节功能障碍的早期手术治疗体会

目的探讨儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折遗留关节功能障碍早期手术方法及近期疗效。方法回顾性分析2009-01—2014-06诊治的16例儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折。7例行尺骨截骨矫形,9例行尺骨截骨延长;然后均行桡骨头切开复位、环状韧带修补及关节囊紧缩缝合术。10例肱桡关节克氏针贯穿固定,7例尺骨截骨端克氏针髓内固定,9例接骨板固定。结果16例均获得随访12~28个月,平均15.6个月。末次随访时,1例前臂旋前受限于50°。肘关节伸直0°~10°,平均4°;屈曲120°~145°,平均133°;旋前70°~90°,平均75°;旋后80°~90°,平均87°。疗效采用Mackay临床功能标准评定,优8例,良7例,差1例。结论儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折早期手术,尺骨截骨矫形(或延长)、桡骨头切开复位是恢复肱桡关节及上尺桡关节正常结构的关键,视桡骨头稳定情况行肱桡关节克氏针短期固定,为关节功能早期恢复创造条件。     

应用Ilizarov技术微创治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的临床研究

[目的]探讨应用Ilizarov外固定架治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的疗效。[方法]2012年3月~2013年10月应用改良Ilizarov外固定架微创治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折13例,年龄2~13岁,平均7.6岁;在尺骨适宜部位以直径2.5 mm螺纹半针固定3组半环形固定器,距尺骨鹰嘴3~5 cm处作尺骨横断截骨,术后1周沿尺骨长轴行纵向延长,每日1 mm,分6次完成,骨延长至肱桡关节间隙达5 mm时,停止尺骨纵向延长,依靠Ilizarov外固定器三组铰链不等距延长,使尺骨向与桡骨头脱位相反方向成角,桡骨头即缓慢复位。[结果]全部患儿均获随访,尺骨截骨处平均3.2个月骨性愈合,桡骨头复位稳定;肘关节伸屈和前臂旋转功能均有显著改善,肘关节伸屈在0°~130°,前臂旋前45°~85°,前臂旋后60°~90°。根据Mackay功能评定标准:优11例,良2例。[结论]应用Ilizarov技术微创治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折有以下优点:(1)创伤小,尺骨背侧仅有1~1.5 cm切口;(2)操作方便,全部螺纹半针均在皮下可触及的尺骨上固定;(3)桡骨头复位稳定,随诊患儿无1例复发;(4)肘关节伸屈和前臂旋转功能恢复满意。本疗法值得临床推广应用。     

尺骨截骨矫形环状韧带重建治疗儿童陈旧孟氏骨折

目的探讨通过尺骨截骨结合环状韧带重建术治疗陈旧性儿童孟氏骨折的临床效果。方法本文回顾分析了自2010—2015年收治的儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折11例,其中男9例,女2例;年龄9~16岁,平均12.5岁。采用Boyd切口,显露肱桡关节、上尺桡关节及尺骨近端,对成角或短缩畸形的尺骨行截骨矫形,1/3管形钢板固定,切除嵌在肱桡关节或近端尺桡关节中残存的环状韧带和瘢痕组织,复位桡骨头后用克氏针固定,取前臂深筋膜绕桡骨颈重建环状韧带。如残存的环状韧带足够长可将其与纤维瘢痕视为一体合拢缠绕桡骨颈重建环状韧带。术后石膏外固定4~6周,拆除石膏,拔除克氏针后行功能锻练。结果随访10例,随访时间6~48个月。疗效评价:优8例,良1例,差l例,优良率达90%。肘关节由术前的屈25°~50°、伸5°~10°、旋前旋后5°~20°,改善为术后的屈90°~120°、伸0°~5°、旋前旋后75°~90°,功能改善明显。结论尺骨截骨矫正成角或短缩畸形,结合环状韧带重建治疗儿童陈旧孟氏骨折疗效满意。     

Ilizarov技术治疗陈旧性桡骨小头脱位

目的探讨应用改良Ilizarov半环形外固定架结合尺骨微创截骨延长成角治疗儿童陈旧性桡骨小头脱位的临床疗效。方法 2012年3月-2015年1月,应用改良Ilizarov半环形外固定架结合尺骨微创截骨治疗儿童陈旧性桡骨小头脱位14例。男12例,女2例;年龄2~13岁,平均7.2岁。先天性桡骨小头脱位1例,陈旧性孟氏骨折13例。Bado分型:Ⅰ型12例,Ⅲ型2例。比较手术前后肘关节伸屈及前臂旋前、旋后活动度;应用肘关节Mackay等功能评定标准评价疗效。结果手术时间50~65 min,平均58 min。患儿均获随访,随访时间6~33个月,平均21个月。均无切口、钉道感染和骨化性肌炎、桡骨小头再脱位发生。X线片复查示,尺骨截骨区均骨性愈合,愈合时间82~114 d,平均90 d;肱桡关系佳。肘关节伸屈和前臂旋前、旋后活动度均较术前明显改善,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时,根据Mackay等功能评定标准进行疗效评价:获优12例,良2例。结论改良Ilizarov半环形外固定架结合尺骨微创截骨治疗儿童陈旧性桡骨小头脱位,具有创伤小、去架方便、复位满意和有效避免尺骨截骨后骨不连等优点,远期疗效有待进一步随访。     

尺骨成角截骨治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折

尺骨成角截骨治疗陈旧性孟氏骨折对恢复肘关节正常解剖关系及功能 ,增加肘关节稳定和防止晚期桡神经损伤起到了积极的治疗作用。我院自 1995年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 7月采用尺骨成角截骨成功治疗 3月例陈旧性孟氏骨折患儿 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　男 11例 ,女 6例。年龄 5～ 14岁 ,平均 8岁。右侧 12例 ,左侧 5例 ;就诊时间从伤后 2 2d～ 6年 6个月 ,平均 11 9个月。其中早期误诊 4例 ,漏诊 3例 ,急性期非手术治疗失败 4例 ,手术治疗失败 6例。体格检查 :肘关节前、后方或外侧可触及脱位的桡骨头 ,肘关节屈伸活动正常 ,前臂平均旋…     

前后联合入路治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折

[目的]探讨前后联合入路行关节切开复位、尺骨截骨术治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的方法及疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2010年11月~2015年1月收治的22例陈旧性孟氏骨折患儿资料。男15例,女7例,平均年龄7.5岁。伤后至手术时间除2例分别为3年、5年外,其余20例为1~12个月。患者X线片示桡骨头脱位,尺骨桡侧或掌侧弓形弯曲,伤后时间长者见桡骨过度生长。2例伴有桡神经深支损伤症状。所有患儿均采用经肘前Henry入路行肱桡关节切开、瘢痕彻底清除,有桡神经损伤者同时行神经探查松解;肘后沿尺骨嵴做纵切口,在尺骨鹰嘴下4~5 cm横行截骨,矫正尺骨畸形并反向成角、截骨端延长后予钢板固定。所有患儿均不行环状韧带重建。[结果]本组患儿随访12~59个月,平均15.4个月。根据Mackay功能评定标准,优19例,良2例,差1例。X线片示1例再脱位、2例半脱位,余复位稳定。术后肘关节屈伸功能较术前改善,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);手术前后前臂旋转功能的差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。未出现血管神经损伤、异位骨化、尺桡骨骨性连接等并发症。2例桡神经深支损伤患儿3个月内恢复正常。[结论]前后联合入路治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折具有术野显露好、术中操作简便、术后并发症少等优势。前入路允许直视下处理关节内病理改变,同时便于行桡神经探查松解,后入路有利于尺骨截骨矫形术。     

56例儿童陈旧孟氏骨折临床诊治分析

[目的]总结分析56例儿童陈旧孟氏骨折患儿骨折的原因和治疗效果,为儿童陈旧孟氏骨折的临床诊治提供支持。[方法]选取2008年1月~2013年12月本院收治的56例儿童陈旧孟氏骨折患儿病例。分析骨折原因。给予尺骨截骨术治疗,术后随访2年。采用Macky和Mayo的标准对肘关节功能进行评价,并观察手术前、后肘关节屈伸功能和前臂旋转功能的改善情况。[结果]56例陈旧孟氏骨折患儿中,24例被误诊为尺骨或尺桡骨骨折,13例为手法复位不完全,10例被误诊为软组织损伤,5例为石膏松动发生移位,4例为塑型不良。尺骨截骨术后随访2年,骨折部位均全部愈合。术后肘关节屈伸功能和前臂旋转功能均显著改善(P0.05)。Macky评分优良率为96.4%,Mayo评分优良率为94.6%。[结论]儿童陈旧孟氏骨折多由错诊、漏诊、处理不当引起,应对患儿进行全面、细致的检查,以避免陈旧孟氏骨折的发生。尺骨截骨术对于儿童陈旧孟氏骨折有满意的临床效果。     

Boyd入路切开复位尺骨截骨延长治疗儿童陈旧孟氏骨折

目的 探讨经Boyd入路切开复位尺骨斜行截骨延长术治疗儿童陈旧孟氏骨折的临床疗效。方法 采用经Boyd入路切开复位尺骨斜行截骨延长术治疗26例陈旧孟氏骨折患儿。术后12个月根据Kim评分标准评价肘关节功能。结果 患儿均获得随访,时间12～36个月。截骨处均获得骨性愈合。术后12个月根据Kim评分标准评价肘关节功能:优17例,良7例,可2例,优良率为24/26。拆除石膏后发生桡骨头再脱位1例、半脱位1例。2例截骨处延迟愈合,采用管型石膏固定6个月后愈合。均未发生桡神经损伤、感染等并发症。结论 经Boyd入路切开复位尺骨斜行截骨延长术治疗儿童陈旧孟氏骨折术后功能恢复好,并发症少,可较快恢复肘关节及前臂功能。     

Semitendinosus ligamentoplasty of the forearm interosseous membrane in a case of Essex-Lopresti syndrome

The case of a 39-year-old patient with an Essex-Lopresti syndrome is reported. The radial head fracture was comminuted and the distal radio-ulnar joint was dislocated. The patient underwent an orthopaedic treatment and a 7-month long rehabilitation. Motions were assessed with 20–140° elbow flexion, 0° supination, 40° pronation, 40° wrist flexion, and 45° extension wrist. Jamar^® measurement was 18 kg (40 kg for the opposite limb). X-rays displayed a radial ascension with an ulno-carpal impingement syndrome. Surgical procedures were a shortening of the ulna, a radial head arthroplasty, and a ligamentoplasty using the semi-tendinous muscle. Two months after surgery, the patient worked again. The last follow-up was 13 months after surgery. Motions were assessed with 30–130° elbow flexion, 45° supination, and 60° pronation. Jamar^® measurement was 40 kg (50 kg for the opposite limb), with a painless forearm or wrist. Our technique of ligamentoplasty is original, with the type and the course of the transplant. Its indications would be in radial head lesions associated with a longitudinal forearm instability. The ligamentoplasty would prevent from overloads of radial head osteosyntheses or arthroplasties.     

改良Ilizarov技术治疗成人桡骨头前脱位

目的：探讨应用改良Ilizarov技术治疗成人桡骨头前脱位的疗效。方法对6例成人桡骨头前脱位,按设计将改良后的三组 Ilizarov 环安放在患肢前臂背侧,距尺骨鹰嘴5.0 cm处行尺骨横行截骨,然后沿其纵轴延长,达适宜长度后,再将尺骨向后成角延长,桡骨头即缓慢复位。结果术后平均随访8个月（3～10个月）,桡骨头复位良好稳定;肘关节伸屈活动基本正常,前臂旋前达90＆#176;,旋后较术前有明显改善,平均55＆#176;;尺骨延长部位全部骨性愈合。其中1例出现个别钉道表浅感染,经处理痊愈。结论应用改良Ilizarov技术治疗成人桡骨头前脱位操作简单,创伤小,不干扰肱桡关节,改良环固定牢靠,复位桡骨头稳定而且肘关节伸屈和前臂旋转功能恢复满意,是临床值得推广的治疗方法。     

尺骨干骺端续连症不同手术方法的疗效观察

目的:探讨尺骨骨软骨瘤切除、尺骨微创截骨、外固定尺骨延长术治疗尺骨干骺端续连症前臂畸形治疗效果和安全性。方法:自2005年8月至2013年12月,20例尺骨干骺端续连症患者,男15例,女5例;年龄7~13(10.00±2.34)岁;病程6~11(8.10±1.52)个月;临床表现为患侧前臂短缩并向尺侧弯曲畸形。采用尺骨骨软骨瘤切除、尺骨微创截骨、外固定尺骨延长术治疗,术后评估包括评估疼痛、日常生活活动、外观矫形效果及腕关节、肘关节和前臂的运动范围,放射学评估包括尺骨长度、桡骨关节面倾斜角和腕部骨骺生长情况。结果:所有患者术后伤口愈合,未出现感染,与并发症相关的惟一术式是尺骨延长,包括1例骨不连、2例尺骨延长骨痂骨折、1例暂时性的桡神经麻痹。所有患者获得随访4~7.5(6.03±1.33)年。所有病例腕关节桡偏尺偏活动度数、前臂旋前旋后度数变化差异有统计学意义(P0.05),放射学评估参数(尺骨方差,桡骨关节角,腕骨滑动)得到了改善且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),末次随访时改良Green和O'Brien腕关节功能评分与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),腕关节的临床疗效与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),末次随访Mayo肘关节功能评分与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),肘关节的临床疗效与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:尺骨骨延长对阻止远期畸形的进展无益,单纯的尺骨远端骨软骨瘤切除术有利于阻止畸形的发展,腕关节和前臂旋转活动受限及对外观的改善有强烈的要求的患者可积极进行手术治疗。     

Distal upper extremity function following proximal humeral resection and reconstruction for tumors: Contralateral comparison

Background: Most functional analyses after limb salvage operations about the shoulder have focused on proximal function with the assumption that distal function is largely unaffected. This analysis examines distal function objectively. Methods: Objective laboratory data regarding distal upper extremity strength after reconstructive procedures for tumors near the shoulder joint was collected over a 16-year period. Thirty-two patients were able to participate fully in the data collection at an average most recent follow-up duration of >3.5 years. Results: Statistically significant reductions on the involved side compared with the uninvolved side in grip, forearm pronation, forearm supination, elbow flexion, and elbow extension strength were documented (p<0.05). The magnitude of reduction in strength diminishes distally, with the greatest effect in this group of patients being observed in elbow extension, followed by elbow flexion, forearm supination, and forearm pronation. Grip strength consistently showed the least amount of strength reduction compared with the uninvolved side, even within resection and reconstruction groups. Subjective patient rating of dexterity was no less than 3 of 5. Ninety percent of patients rated their dexterity 4 of 5 (52%) or 5 of 5 (38%). Conclusions: Despite the insistence of “normal” function in the distal upper extremity after limb salvage procedures, complete normality is not maintained. However, the degree of maintenance of distal function appears to be high, especially for grip strength and forearm pronation strength, and patient satisfaction is acceptable.     

Radial head dislocation with ulnar plastic deformation in children: an osteotomy within the middle third of the ulna

This retrospective study includes 6 patients (average age, 8.7 years) with a dislocation of the radial head and ulnar plastic deformation. All were Monteggia fractures, Bado type I equivalents. The maximum ulnar bow was near the midulna. Five patients underwent an ulnar osteotomy, with elongation and reduction of the angulation within the middle third of the ulna, and open reduction of the radial head. One patient underwent an ulnar osteotomy with only elongation. The osteotomy sites were stabilized by a plate and screws or Kirschner wires. Mean follow-up was 3.4 years. Postoperatively, the average elbow range of motion was extension to 0 degrees, flexion to 138 degrees, forearm supination to 90 degrees, and forearm pronation to 88 degrees. Results in all patients were rated as excellent. One nonunion occurred. An osteotomy performed within the middle third of the ulna, combined with open reduction of the radial head, resulted in excellent clinical outcomes.     

尺骨截骨钢板内固定治疗儿童陈旧性桡骨头前脱位

目的：探讨尺骨截骨内固定手术治疗儿童桡骨头陈旧性前脱位的临床疗效。方法：2004年1月至2010年1月,采用切开复位桡骨头、尺骨上段截骨内固定治疗18例陈旧性桡骨头前脱位患者。其中男12例,女6例;年龄3～15岁,平均（6.9±1.3）岁;受伤至手术时间为5～65个月,平均（24.0±5.5）个月。所有患者术前均有肘关节屈伸活动和前臂旋转活动受限,但均无桡神经损伤,桡骨头无明显变形。结果：所有患者伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,未发生骨不连、桡骨头再脱位及神经损伤等并发症。所有患者均获随访,时间9～38个月,平均（17.0±4.5）个月;骨折愈合时间2.3～3.9个月,平均（2.8±0.5）个月。术后肘关节屈曲活动及前臂的旋转活动较术前明显改善。根据朱玉奎等评定标准,优14例,良3例,可1例。结论：尺骨截骨内固定治疗儿童陈旧性桡骨头前脱位疗效满意,可以有效地改善肘关节屈伸及前臂旋转的功能,防止桡骨头再次脱位。     

A mechanical study of the moment-forces of the supinators and pronators of the forearm

We determined the torque generated by the muscles rotating the forearm at varying degrees of pronation and supination. We used 8 human cadaveric upper extremity specimens with the humerus and ulna rigidly fixed with the elbow in 90° of flexion, while free rotation of the radius around the ulna was allowed. The tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), supinator, biceps, pronator teres (PT), and the pronator quadratus' (PQ) superficial and deep heads were isolated. After locking the forearm at intervals of 10° from 90° of pronation to 90° of supination, we loaded each muscle/tendon with a ramp profile. We found that the biceps and supinator are both active supinators, the biceps generating four times more torque with the forearm in a pronated position. As for pronation, the PT and both heads of the PQ are active throughout the whole rotation, being most efficient around the neutral position of the forearm. The ECU and FCU contribute significantly less to pronation and supination torque. However,they do generate potential pronating torque while the forearm is positioned maximally in supination and, to a lesser extent, potential supination torque while the forearm is positioned maximally in pronation.     

Forearm nonunion caused by hyperparathyroidism with 7 years follow up: A case report

IntroductionWe report a patient who developed nonunion of both bones of the forearm associated with hyperparathyroidism (HPT).Presentation of caseThe patient was a 71-year-old female who previously fell and hit her left hand on the ground. At 2 years after injury the patient visited our hospital, since she became aware of instability of the left forearm without an inducer due to nonunion of the radioulnar diaphysis. The patient was surgically treated to acquire forearm support. Surgery for nonunion was applied only to the ulna. To acquire an elbow joint flexion angle, an about 30° angle was added to the false joint region. At one year after surgery, blood testing suggested HPT, however, the parathyroid mass was not excised following the current guidelines for management of HPT. At 7 years after surgery, the elbow range of motion, VAS and the Q-DASH score were improved. Weight-bearing by the forearm became possible, and the patient can perform pronation and supination at the radial nonunion.DiscussionWe learned from this case that it is necessary to immediately perform close examination to identify the presence or absence of primary disease causing insufficiency fracture, such as HPT. For treatment of nonunion of the 2 forearm bones in this elderly female, osteosynthesis of the ulna alone achieved sufficient osteal support without osteosynthesis of the radius, and the postoperative course was favorable.ConclusionWe presented here a rare case of nonunion of both bones of the forearm associated with HPT.     

Muscle forces and pronation stabilize the lateral ligament deficient elbow.

The influence of muscle activity and forearm position on the stability of the lateral collateral ligament deficient elbow was investigated in vitro, using a custom testing apparatus to simulate active and passive elbow flexion. Rotation of the ulna relative to the humerus was measured before and after sectioning of the joint capsule, and the radial and lateral ulnar collateral ligaments from the lateral epicondyle. Gross instability was present after lateral collateral ligament transection during passive elbow flexion with the arm in the varus orientation. In the vertical orientation during passive elbow flexion, stability of the lateral collateral ligament deficient elbow was similar to the intact elbow with the forearm held in pronation, but not similar to the intact elbow when maintained in supination. This instability with the forearm supinated was reduced significantly when simulated active flexion was done. The stabilizing effect of muscle activity suggests physical therapy of the lateral collateral ligament deficient elbow should focus on active rather than passive mobilization, while avoiding shoulder abduction to minimize varus elbow stress. Passive mobilization should be done with the forearm maintained in pronation.     

Grading of functional results of elbow joint arthrolysis after fracture treatment

In the treatment of posttraumatic contracture of the elbow joint, arthrolysis is a proven procedure. We used a stepwise operative approach starting laterally and including an additional medial and dorsal incision if needed. A total of 91 patients with arthrolysis of the elbow could be followed-up on average 44 months (range 9–102 months) joint after operative (58, 63.7%) and non-operative (33, 36.3%) fracture treatment. The mean preoperative range of motion (ROM) in flexion/extension was 49° (SD ± 38°), while in pronation/supination it was 89° (SD ± 66°). Postoperatively, the ROM was on average 94° (SD ± 27°) in flexion/extension and 129° (SD ± 52°) in pronation/supination. Using our own grading system, it became evident that most patients had a functional benefit from the procedure, although the quality of the improvement differed. For example, postoperatively 59.3% of the patients were grade I (≥ 90°) in flexion/extension compared with 16.5% preoperatively. Although the rest also showed improvements, their functional benefit was less. The earlier the release of the joints was performed, the better was the functional outcome (p < 0.05). The importance of an intensive early rehabilitation programme is emphasised while indications for this procedure should only be seen in compliant patients. Received: 3 December 1999