颈内动脉床突上段血泡样动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨颈内动脉床突上段血泡样动脉瘤的显微手术策略。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年6月9例血泡样动脉瘤患者的临床资料,总结经验教训。结果 9例均开颅手术,采用动脉瘤直接夹闭、动脉瘤孤立及动脉瘤包裹等方法,术后6例恢复良好,3例术后出现不同程度脑梗塞;2例调整动脉瘤夹后顺利夹闭,1例包裹加夹闭,术后脑梗塞,行去骨瓣减压;1例术中出血,包裹后去骨瓣减压后再出血死亡。术后6月随访,5例改良Rankin量表评分2分以内;1例改良Rankin量表评分3分,遗留肢体偏瘫及部分失语;1例失访;1例复发,术后多重支架加弹簧圈栓塞治愈。结论颈内动脉床突上段血泡样动脉瘤是一种特殊的颅内复杂动脉瘤,较高的复发率、高死残率,应引起重视,显微手术是一种可考虑的治疗方法,但术前侧支循环评估、精准的显微技巧、完善的术前评估、必备的设备及材料缺一不可。     

LVIS支架辅助栓塞颈内动脉床突上段破裂夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨LVIS支架辅助栓塞治疗颈内动脉床突上段破裂夹层动脉瘤的可行性、有效性。方法 回顾性分析2015年6月到2018年3月采用LVIS支架辅助栓塞治疗的9例颈内动脉床突上段破裂夹层动脉瘤的临床资料。结果 9例均成功实施LVIS支架辅助栓塞治疗,术后即刻造影显示Raymond分级Ⅰ级5例,Ⅱ级4例。术后DSA随访1周~24个月,2例双LVIS支架辅助栓塞术后2周DSA复查显示动脉瘤复发,血栓弹力图示ADP>90%,调整抗血小板方案后半年后复查动脉瘤未显影;其余病人动脉瘤均未显影,载瘤动脉通畅。出院时改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分0分5例,3分2例,4分1例,6分1例;术后90 d mRS评分0分6例,1分1例,3分1例。结论 LVIS支架辅助栓塞颈内动脉床突段破裂夹层动脉瘤是一种安全、有效的方法,调整抗血小板方案可提高术后复发动脉瘤的闭塞率     

颈内动脉血泡样动脉瘤的治疗进展

颈内动脉血泡样动脉瘤是一种位于颈内动脉床突上段非分叉处的动脉瘤,病理特点为瘤壁菲薄、脆弱、易破裂,破裂后出血量较大,且短期内再出血风险高,因此一旦发现即应及时治疗;治疗方法主要包括开颅手术及血管内介入治疗,如显微外科动脉瘤夹闭手术,夹闭联合包裹修补术,载瘤动脉缝合或旁路血管重建、动脉瘤孤立术;随着介入材料及技术的不断发展,支架辅助下的动脉瘤栓塞术、多重支架及覆膜支架置入术,血流导向装置等已经广泛应用;本文通过复习相关文献,综述颈内动脉血泡样动脉瘤的治疗进展。     

双支架错位重叠技术辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉床突上段血泡样动脉瘤

目的 探讨双支架错位重叠技术辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉床突上段血泡样动脉瘤（BBAs）的可行性、有效性及预后。方法 回顾性分析2014年7月至2018年6月采用双支架技术辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的9例BBAs的临床资料。结果 9例均成功实施双支架错位重叠技术辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗,术中即刻影像Raymond分级Ⅰ级5例,Ⅱ级1例,Ⅲ级3例。出院时改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分0分4例,3分2例,4分1例,死亡2例;术后90 d mRS评分0分5例,1分1例,3分1例。7例存活病人影像学随访1周~24个月,动脉瘤均完全闭塞,载流动脉无狭窄。结论 双支架错位重叠技术辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉床突上段BBAs是一种可行、有效的方法,可降低动脉瘤术后复发率,改善病人预后。     

颈内动脉血泡样动脉瘤急诊夹闭手术的治疗体会

目的探讨并反思颈内动脉床突上段血泡样动脉瘤破裂出血后急诊夹闭治疗的相关问题。方法回顾22例行急诊开颅手术治疗的血泡样动脉瘤,观察动脉瘤影像特征、各种治疗尝试以及预后情况。其中13例(59.1%)见瘤壁菲薄,瘤颈-载瘤动脉壁交界处呈明显"断续样"色泽变化;一次性夹闭成功10例,其余12例均出现瘤颈撕裂,重新夹闭成功1例但滑脱失败,包裹载瘤动脉成功3例,急性期孤立载瘤动脉并搭桥2例,术后均有1例造影通畅,其余单纯孤立载瘤动脉7例。结果本组治愈9例,残疾2例,植物生存2例,死亡9例。结论血泡样动脉瘤破裂出血后急诊夹闭手术要慎重,不得已手术时需在显微镜下仔细观察瘤颈-载瘤动脉交界处色泽、质地变化,判断夹闭后是否出现瘤颈、瘤体完全撕脱;有条件时待脑肿胀消退后,首选密罗网支架治疗,无法实施介入治疗时必须备好颅内外高流量搭桥准备。     

颈内动脉床突段微小动脉瘤治疗体会

目的 探讨颈内动脉床突段微小动脉瘤的治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析经临床和影像学方法确诊的18例颈内动脉床突段微小动脉瘤患者资料,其中颈内动脉-眼动脉瘤患者4例,3例行血管内治疗,1例行开颅夹闭;颈内动脉后交通动脉瘤患者10例,3例行血管内治疗,7例行开颅夹闭;颈内动脉脉络膜前动脉瘤患者3例,1例行血管内治疗,2例行开颅夹闭;1例颈内动脉分叉部动脉瘤患者行开颅夹闭.结果 1例颈内动脉-眼动脉瘤患者行弹簧圈栓塞治疗后破裂出血,死亡;1例行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉后交通动脉瘤患者术中破裂,疏松填塞,术后再次破裂出血,死亡;1例行单纯弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉后交通动脉瘤患者术中弹簧圈逸出,后行开颅夹闭,恢复好;其余病例预后均良好.结论 颈内动脉床突段微小动脉瘤中眼动脉瘤以支架辅助弹簧圈疏松栓塞治疗为宜,开颅夹闭是治疗颈内动脉床突上段微小动脉瘤的首选.     

颈内动脉血泡样动脉瘤5例报告

正血泡样动脉瘤(blood blister like aneurysms,BBA)是一种起源于颈内动脉床突段上段非分叉处或前内侧壁动脉瘤,临床少见,占颈内动脉瘤的0.9%~6.5%~([1])。由于动脉瘤在术中呈鲜红色、血泡样,故称为BBA。这种动脉瘤的特点为宽颈、壁薄且较脆,术中极易撕裂瘤颈,导致夹闭困难。我科近年收治手术夹闭的BBA5例,报告如下:     

颈内动脉床突上段动脉瘤术中瘤颈撕脱的处理技巧

目的 探讨颈内动脉(ICA)床突上段动脉瘤术中瘤颈撕脱的处理方法.方法 自1997年12月至2011年8月期间行颅内动脉瘤夹闭765例,其中ICA动脉瘤288例,有8例术中瘤颈撕脱.在早期的4例术中不得不将ICA夹闭;后期的4例术中采用自体硬脑膜包绕技术加窗式动脉瘤夹成功夹闭破裂口.结果 8例中,早期术中夹闭ICA的4例,术后2例死亡(GOS评分1分),2例遗留神经功能障碍(GOS评分3分);后期保留ICA的4例术后均恢复良好(GOS评分5分).结论 在ICA床突上段动脉瘤手术中,一旦发生瘤颈撕脱无法夹闭破裂口时,不要盲目闭塞ICA,可采取自体硬脑膜加窗式动脉瘤夹闭术,既可闭塞ICA的破裂口,又可保持ICA的通畅性.     

Willis覆膜支架治疗颈内动脉血泡样动脉瘤的疗效

目的 探讨Willis覆膜支架治疗颈内动脉血泡样动脉瘤（BBA）的可行性与有效性。方法 回顾性分析12例采用Willis覆膜支架治疗的颈内动脉BBA的临床资料。结果 12例均成功接受Willis覆膜支架治疗。10例置入Willis 支架后即刻造影显示动脉瘤不显影,载瘤动脉通畅;2例置入Willis 支架后即刻造影有内漏,再次行球囊扩张处理后复查造影动脉瘤不显影。9例出院时改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分0分;2例住院期间并发交通行脑积水行脑室-腹腔分流术,出院时mRS评分2分;1例因肺部感染死亡。术后3~6个月DSA 随访10例,动脉瘤均无复发;1例电话随访病情稳定。结论 Willis覆膜支架治疗BBA技术可行,临床效果显著。     

血泡样动脉瘤的研究进展

血泡样动脉瘤(BBA)常位于颈内动脉床突旁后段的上壁、前壁, 非分叉部位。BBA在临床上较少见。因BBA瘤壁菲薄, 无论是选择手术夹闭还是血管内治疗, 均极易在术中发生破裂而导致蛛网膜下腔出血。目前对BBA尚无统一的治疗方案。本文就血泡样动脉瘤的病因学、病理学特点和发病机制、临床特点、诊断及治疗作一综述。     

Surgical management of aneurysms of the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery

Internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation aneurysms are rare and easily bleed in younger patients, but are difficult to treat surgically, due to perforators surrounding and adherent to the aneurysm. A series of 25 patients treated by clipping under the operating microscope are analyzed and compared with previous cases. Twenty-five patients, 11 men and 14 women (mean age 51 years), were treated by the same neurosurgeon. Seventeen patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (Hunt & Kosnik Grade I in three, II in five, III in two, IV in seven), five with unruptured ICA bifurcation aneurysms, and three with unruptured ICA bifurcation aneurysms but another ruptured aneurysm. There were 23 small, one large, and one giant ICA bifurcation aneurysms. The projection was superior in 12, anterior in seven, and posterior in six cases. Pterional approach was employed for all cases. Outcomes were evaluated at discharge with the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Favorable outcomes (good recovery (GR) and moderate disability (MD)) were obtained in ten of 17 patients with ruptured ICA bifurcation aneurysm. Favorable outcomes were significantly greater in Grades I and II (three in I, four in II) than in Grades III and IV (one in III, two in IV; P=0.0498). Seven of eight patients with unruptured ICA bifurcation aneurysm had favorable outcomes. Temporary clipping and projection of the aneurysm did not affect the outcome. Causative factors of unfavorable outcomes were primary brain damage in cases of small and large aneurysms and perforator damage in the case of giant aneurysm. Poor clinical grade and vasospasm are the causative factors of poor outcome in patients with ruptured ICA bifurcation aneurysm. Preservation of perforators is crucial in cases of giant aneurysm. Clipping of unruptured ICA bifurcation aneurysms is recommended since they tend to bleed at a lower age than other aneurysms.     

Unruptured Supraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Surgery : Superciliary Keyhole Approach versus Pterional Approach

Objective

A superciliary keyhole approach is an attractive, minimally invasive surgical technique, yet the procedure is limited due to a small cranial opening. Nonetheless, an unruptured supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm can be an optimal surgical target of a superciliary approach as it is located in the center of the surgical view and field. Therefore, this study evaluated the feasibility and surgical outcomes of a superciliary keyhole approach for unruptured ICA aneurysms.

Methods

The authors report on a consecutive series of patients who underwent a superciliary approach for clipping unruptured ICA aneurysms between January 2007 and February 2012. The data were compared with a historical control group who underwent a pterional approach between January 2003 and December 2006.

Results

In the superciliary group, a total of 71 aneurysms were successfully clipped without a residual sac in 70 patients with a mean age of 57 years (range, 37-75 years). The maximum diameter of the aneurysms ranged from 4 mm to 14 mm (mean±standard deviation, 6.6±2.3 mm). No direct mortality or permanent morbidity was related to the surgery. The superciliary approach demonstrated statistically significant advantages over the pterional approach, including a shorter operative duration (mean, 100 min), no intraoperative blood transfusions, and no postoperative epidural hemorrhages.

Conclusion

A superciliary keyhole approach provides a sufficient surgical corridor to clip most unruptured supraclinoid ICA aneurysms in a minimally invasive manner.     

Is Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization for the Treatment of Ruptured Blood Blister-Like Aneurysms of the Supraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery Effective? : An Analysis of Single Institutional Experience with Pooled Data

ObjectiveGiven the high risk of rebleeding and recurrence of blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs), we treated ruptured BBAs of the internal carotid artery (ICA) with stent-assisted coil embolization (SAC). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SACs. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical and radiological data from eight patients with ruptured BBAs of the supraclinoid ICA. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess clinical outcomes, while radiological outcomes were evaluated on angiographs. For a pooled analysis, data from literature reporting the outcomes of ruptured BBAs treated with SAC were collected and analyzed in conjunction with our data. ResultsIn our cohort, the mean Raymond classification score was 1.57±0.53 immediately after initial endovascular treatment. There were no perioperative complications or rebleeding events during the follow-up period. The mean mRS score at patient discharge was 1.00±0.81 and improved to 0.28±0.48 by the last follow-up day. The recurrence rate was 25% with an asymptomatic presentation and successful treatment with multiple stent insertion. Pooled analysis of 76 cases of SAC revealed a complete occlusion rate immediately after treatment of 54.8%, rebleeding rate 7.94%, and recurrence rate 24.2%. Good clinical outcomes with mRS score 0–2 were observed in 89.9% by the last clinical follow-up. Total mortality rate was 7.7%. ConclusionThis treatment appears to not only minimize the hemodynamic burden on the fragile dome specific to this type of aneurysm, but also provides an opportunity for safe and effective treatment in recurrent cases.     

胼周动脉动脉瘤42例治疗分析

目的 探讨胼周动脉动脉瘤（PAA）治疗方法及临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2012年6月至2020年3月收治的42例PAA的临床资料。25例采用夹闭术治疗，17例行血管内栓塞治疗。结果 所有动脉瘤均成功完成夹闭或栓塞，夹闭术后并发症发生率为（48.0%，12/25），栓塞术后并发症发生率（17.6%，3/17）。42例术后临床随访3~12个月，中位数6个月；夹闭术治疗25例末次随访改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分0~2分17例，3~6分8例；预后良好率为68.0%（17/25）；栓塞治疗的17例末次随访mRS评分0~2分14例，3~6分3例；预后良好率为82.4%（14/17）。42例术后影像随访4~21个月，中位数9个月；夹闭术后复发率为12.0%（3/25），栓塞术后复发率为5.9%（1/17）。结论 夹闭术与血管内栓塞是治疗破裂PAA的有效方法，临床上需结合病人具体情况选择个体化的治疗方式以提高治疗效果。     

Persistent Primitive Hypoglossal Artery with Ipsilateral Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis and Cerebral Aneurysm

ObjectivePersistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) is a rare type of persistent carotid-basilar anastomosis sometimes associated with other vascular lesions. We treated an extremely rare case of PPHA with concomitant ipsilateral symptomatic cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and unruptured aneurysm.Case presentationA 67-year-old woman visited our institution with acute onset of diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple acute infarctions in the right anterior and posterior circulations. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated the right PPHA concomitant with ipsilateral cervical ICA stenosis and an unruptured ICA aneurysm with maximum diameter of 8 mm. The multiple infarctions were considered to result from artery-to-artery embolism due to microthrombi from the ICA plaque passed along the PPHA, so carotid endarterectomy was performed as the first step with preoperative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) grade 1. During the operation, the patient had impaired ICA perfusion due to internal shunt catheter migration into the PPHA followed by acute infarction in the right hemisphere causing mild left hemiparesis. The patient was transferred to the rehabilitation hospital with mRS grade 3. After 3 months of rehabilitation, the patient recovered to mRS grade 1 and clipping surgery for the unruptured right ICA aneurysm was performed as the second step with uneventful postoperative course.ConclusionThe treatment strategy should be carefully considered depending on the specific blood circulation for such cases of PPHA with unique vasculature.     

Result of Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery in the Treatment of Complex Intracranial Aneurysms : Outcomes in 15 Cases

Objective

The standard treatment strategy of intracranial aneurysms includes either endovascular coiling or microsurgical clipping. In certain situations such as in giant or dissecting aneurysms, bypass surgery followed by proximal occlusion or trapping of parent artery is required.

Methods

The authors assessed the result of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery in the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms in one institute between 2003 and 2007 retrospectively to propose its role as treatment modality. The outcomes of 15 patients with complex aneurysms treated during the last 5 years were reviewed. Six male and 9 female patients, aged 14 to 76 years, presented with symptoms related to hemorrhage in 6 cases, transient ischemic attack (TIA) in 2 unruptured cases, and permanent infarction in one, and compressive symptoms in 3 cases. Aneurysms were mainly in the internal carotid artery (ICA) in 11 cases, middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 2, posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in one and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in one case.

Results

The types of aneurysms were 8 cases of large to giant size aneurysms, 5 cases of ICA blood blister-like aneurysms, one dissecting aneurysm, and one pseudoaneurysm related to trauma. High-flow bypass surgery was done in 6 cases with radial artery graft (RAG) in five and saphenous vein graft (SVG) in one. Low-flow bypass was done in nine cases using superficial temporal artery (STA) in eight and occipital artery (OA) in one case. Parent artery occlusion was performed with clipping in 9 patients, with coiling in 4, and with balloon plus coil in 1. Direct aneurysm clip was done in one case. The follow up period ranged from 2 to 48 months (mean 15.0 months). There was no mortality case. The long-term clinical outcome measured by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) showed good or excellent outcome in 13/15. The overall surgery related morbidity was 20% (3/15) including 2 emergency bypass surgeries due to unexpected parent artery occlusion during direct clipping procedure. The short-term postoperative bypass graft patency rates were 100% but the long-term bypass patency rates were 86.7% (13/15). Nonetheless, there was no bypass surgery related morbidity due to occlusion of the graft.

Conclusion

Revascularization technique is a pivotal armament in managing complex aneurysms and scrupulous prior planning is essential to successful outcomes.     

颈内动脉血泡样动脉瘤的手术治疗:单中心10年经验

目的探讨颈内动脉血泡样动脉瘤(blood blister-like aneurysm,BBA)的临床特点、手术技巧及效果。方法回顾性分析从2006年1月至2016年1月十年间我科手术治疗的45例BBA患者的临床资料,并对结果进行分析总结。结果手术直接夹闭38例,夹闭加包裹3例,孤立4例。手术中发生破裂12例(27%),术后10例发生脑梗死(22%),手术死亡7例(16%)。术后对38例存活患者进行长期随访,随访6~126个月(平均46月个),改良Rankin(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分:0~2分34例(76%),3~5分4例。影像学随访1例复发,给予介入栓塞治疗。所有患者随访期间均未出现再出血。结论颈内动脉BBA处理困难,手术具有很高的风险及并发症。术前充分的认识以及术中多种手术策略的运用,可以降低手术的风险,取得满意的疗效。     

Surgical experience of minipterional craniotomy with 102 ruptured and unruptured anterior circulation aneurysms

The pterional approach was described in the 1970s and has become the most utilized cranial approach with many variations described, including the minipterional technique. Although described recently as an alternative to the pterional approach for anterior circulation aneurysms, to our knowledge a large series of cases using the minipterional approach in both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms has not been described. We present our clinical experience with the minipterional craniotomy in more than 100 ruptured and unruptured anterior circulation aneurysms. The results of 86 consecutive patients with 102 ruptured non-giant, anterior circulation aneurysms treated with early surgery utilizing the minipterional craniotomy were analyzed. Postoperative angiography was carried out in all cases. Outcome results were classified as excellent in 67 (77.9%), and good in seven (8.1%), while 16 (13.9%) patients died. The minipterional technique provides adequate surgical exposure and excellent outcomes for both ruptured and unruptured anterior circulation aneurysm clipping. It constitutes a safe and effective alternative to the pterional approach, with equivalent or potentially better aesthetic and functional outcomes.     

前循环动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的显微手术治疗

目的探讨前循环动脉瘤破裂伴脑内血肿手术方法及疗效。方法前循环动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿患者29例行显微手术治疗,总结其临床特点:动脉瘤部位、大小、形态、合并脑内血肿大小、形态,术前Hunt-Hess分级、手术方式及三个月随访的格拉斯预后评分。结果 Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ级10例、Ⅳ级17例、Ⅴ级2例。17例患者术前经常规血管造影,12例行三维CT血管造影(3D-CTA)检查证实。29例术中诊断与术前诊断一致,前交通动脉瘤6例,后交通动脉瘤7例,大脑中动脉瘤16例,29例患者共31枚动脉瘤均成功夹闭,3个月后随访时GOS评分Ⅴ级14例,Ⅳ级7例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅱ级2例,Ⅰ级2例。结论颅内前循环动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿患者病情危重,早期夹闭动脉瘤,清除血肿,效果良好。