左乙拉西坦添加治疗儿童难治性部分性癫痫疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价左乙拉西坦添加治疗儿童难治性部分性癫痫的疗效和耐受性。方法计算机检索1998年1月-2017年1月Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、EMbase、中国知网中国期刊全文数据库和万方及中国生物医学文献数据库,并手工检索相关杂志,RevMan 5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。结果根据Cochrane 5.0.2版随机对照临床试验质量评价标准,纳入4项随机对照临床试验共498例受试者(左乙拉西坦组268例、安慰剂对照组230例)。Meta分析结果显示,左乙拉西坦组部分性癫痫发作频率减少≥50%的病例数高于对照组[OR=2.940,95%CI(1.99,4.34),P0.000 01];完全不发作病例明显高于对照组[OR=5.310,95%CI(2.49,11.32),P0.000 01]。左乙拉西坦组失访率与安慰剂对照组之间差异无统计学意义[OR=0.760,95%CI(0.32,1.82),P=0.54]。药物不良反应中嗜睡[OR=2.57,95%CI(1.36,4.86)]及精神行为改变[OR=2.54,95%CI(1.56,4.14)]与左乙拉西坦组显著相关(P0.05),其他不良反应与左乙拉西坦组无显著相关。结论现有Meta分析显示,左乙拉西坦添加治疗难治性部分性癫痫的疗效与安慰剂组相比效果显著。左乙拉西坦添加治疗儿童难治性癫痫部分性发作有确切的疗效,且长期治疗效果稳定,有良好的安全性,保留率较高,可在临床进一步推广使用。     

左乙拉西坦添加治疗难治性癫癎的疗效和安全性分析

目的:探讨左乙拉西坦添加治疗难治性癫痫的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析了35例左乙拉西坦添加治疗的难治性癫痫患者,随访3～18个月,观察其疗效及不良反应。结果:左乙拉西坦添加治疗难治性癫痫总有效率为48.6%,对部分性发作和全面性发作的疗效无显著差异。不良反应发生率为31.5%,无严重不良反应。结论:左乙拉西坦是一种安全有效的难治性癫痫治疗药物,可以用于难治性癫痫的添加治疗。     

左乙拉西坦添加治疗对学龄期难治性癫痫患儿认知功能与生活质量的影响

目的探讨左乙拉西坦添加治疗对学龄期难治性癫痫患儿认知功能与生活质量的影响。方法选取2013.1~2016.1在我院接受治疗的110例难治性癫痫患儿作为研究组,选取110例正常儿童作为对照组,用癫痫儿童生活质量量表(QOLCE)对研究组和对照组进行生活质量的评估和比较。患儿接受左乙拉西坦治疗8个月后,再次进行评估,与治疗前进行对比;同时比较四种不同癫痫类型患儿的治疗效果。结果简单部分性发作、复杂部分性发作、部分性继发全面性发作以及无法分类四种类型癫痫总有效率分别为90.9%、93.8%、85.7%和85.7%;研究组患儿身体各项评分均低于对照组,治疗后8个月研究组各项评分比治疗前有明显提高,其中社会功能以及认知功能得分提高幅度最为明显(P0.05)。结论使用左乙拉西坦治疗难治性癫痫患儿可以有效改善患儿的认知功能和生活质量。     

左乙拉西坦和丙戊酸钠对青少年肌阵挛癫痫单药治疗的疗效比较

目的比较左乙拉西坦(levetiracitam,LEV)和丙戊酸钠(sodium valproate,VPA)对青少年肌阵挛癫痫(Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy,JME)单药治疗的疗效。方法选取60例青少年肌阵挛癫痫患者,随机分为2组,每组30例,分别给予左乙拉西坦和丙戊酸钠单药治疗,比较治疗后2组肌阵挛发作(myoclonic seizure,MS)、全面性强直阵挛发作(generalized tonic-clonic seizure,GTCS)和脑电图(electroencephalogram,EEG)改善情况。结果 (1)肌阵挛发作改善情况:左乙拉西坦组总有效率为79.31%,丙戊酸钠组总有效率为85.71%(χ2=0.049,P0.05);(2)全面性强直阵挛发作改善情况:左乙拉西坦组总有效率为89.65%,丙戊酸钠组有效率为82.14%(χ2=0.669,P0.05);(3)脑电图改善情况:左乙拉西坦组总有效率为72.41%,丙戊酸钠组总有效率为75.00%(χ2=0.049,P0.05);(4)不良反应:左乙拉西坦组不良反应发生率为6.90%,丙戊酸钠组为25.00%(χ2=6.02,P0.05)。结论青少年肌阵挛癫痫是一种需要长期治疗甚至终生治疗的疾病,故选择治疗药物时不仅需要考虑疗效,长期服用药物的毒副作用也不容忽视。左乙拉西坦和丙戊酸钠对青少年肌阵挛癫痫单药治疗有相同的疗效,且左乙拉西坦不良反应发生率较丙戊酸钠小(P0.05),故左乙拉西坦可作为治疗青少年肌阵挛癫痫的首选一线药物。     

维生素B_6联合左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的有效性及安全性评价

目的探讨维生素B_6联合左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的有效性及安全性。方法选取本院收治的110例癫痫患儿作为研究对象,其中60例应用维生素B_6和左乙拉西坦(观察组),50例单用左乙拉西坦(对照组),比较两组患儿的临床疗效及行为异常改善情况。结果与治疗前相比,两组患儿治疗后的癫痫发作频率显著降低,发作持续时间明显缩短(P0.05),并且观察组治疗后的发作频率显著低于对照组,发作持续时间显著短于对照组,(P0.05)。观察组患儿用药期间的行为相关不良反应发生率为6.67%,对照组为32.00%,组间比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。观察组患儿的治疗总有效率为83.33%,显著高于对照组的70.00%(P0.05)。结论大剂量维生素B_6与左乙拉西坦联用能够有效提高小儿癫痫治疗效果,同时减少左乙拉西坦引起的行为异常。     

卡马西平与托吡酯联合左乙拉西坦治疗创伤性难治性癫痫临床研究

目的探讨托吡酯、卡马西平及左乙拉西坦联合治疗创伤性难治性癫痫患者的疗效及对其认知功能的影响。方法选取2014-01—2016-06平煤神马医疗集团总医院收治的74例难治性癫痫患者,依据建档顺序分为2组,各37例。对照组采用卡马西平联合托吡酯治疗,研究组联合采用卡马西平、托吡酯及左乙拉西坦治疗;2组均持续治疗4个月。统计对比2组临床疗效、入院时及疗程结束后认知功能评分(MoCA)及癫痫发作次数。结果研究组总有效率89.19%(33例)高于对照组70.27%(26例),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前2组癫痫发作次数及MoCA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后研究组癫痫发作次数少于对照组,MoCA评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论托吡酯联合卡马西平及左乙拉西坦治疗创伤性难治性癫痫效果显著,可有效减少癫痫发作次数,提高患者认知功能。     

左乙拉西坦治疗儿童癫痈完全控制及其影响因素的研究

目的：研究左乙拉西坦治疗儿童癫痫疗效达完全控制及其影响因素,为临床合理使用左乙拉西坦,使其效果最大化提供依据。方法：采用前瞻性研究,按纳入及排除标准纳入病例;疗程≥3个月,统计完全控制率;对完全控制组和非完全控制组患者进行不同发作类型、治疗方案、年龄及病因等对照研究。结果：共纳入癫痫患儿110例,其中完全控制56例（50．9％）。不同发作类型、病因及不同治疗方案的完全控制率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：左乙拉西坦治疗儿童癫痫有较高的完全控制率,完全控制率与发作类型、治疗方案及病因有关。     

左乙拉西坦单药治疗小儿癫痫的自身对照研究

目的研究左乙拉西坦作为单药治疗不同类型癫痫患儿的临床疗效和安全性。方法采用前瞻性研究,对62例不同类型癫痫患儿进行左乙拉西坦单药治疗。左乙拉西坦起始剂量为20 mg/(kg.d),分两次服用,每两周增加10 mg/(kg.d),维持剂量30～40 mg/(kg.d)。稳定期:维持加量期12周,每个月观察1次,以治疗前3个月的发病频率为基础,完成了6个月的观察期,随访6～24个月(平均随访12.8个月),观察发作频率的变化及不良反应。结果 62例入选患儿,完全控制发作38例,占61.3%,显效8例,占12.9%;有效9例,占14.5%;无效4例,占6.5%;加重3例,占4.8%。总有效率为88.7%,两年治疗保留率为72%。左乙拉西坦治疗前后发作频率改变有统计学意义(P0.005)。结论左乙拉西坦作为单药治疗小儿各型癫痫有良好疗效及安全性。     

左乙拉西坦治疗癫（癎）伴认知功能障碍患儿疗效观察

目的 分析左乙拉西坦治疗癫（癎）伴认知功能障碍患儿的临床疗效.方法 选择在本院接受治疗的癫（癎）伴认知功能障碍患儿作为研究对象,分别给予常规治疗及左乙拉西坦治疗,比较2组患儿的认知功能、脑电活动情况及生活质量评分等差异.结果 观察组总有效率（66.67%）、MMES评分（25.47±4.83）、无认知功能障碍（83.33%）、躯体功能（76.87±7.16）、心理功能（59.32±5.34）、社会功能（58.76±2.16）、总体生活质量（82.34±8.21）评分均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;癫（癎）样放电（15%）、α波（18.21±3.36）、β波（10.32±2.25）、δ（12.36±2.25）、θ波（20.32±3.24）数目均明显少于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 左乙拉西坦可有效改善癫（癎）伴认知功能障碍患儿的认知功能,减少异常脑电活动,提高生活质量.     

左乙拉西坦治疗儿童难治性癫痫临床疗效及对血清lgA、lgG和lgM水平的影响

目的探讨左乙拉西坦治疗儿童难治性癫痫的临床疗效及对其血清免疫球蛋白水平的影响。方法本院2015年1月至2017年1月收治的70例难治性癫痫患儿作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为两组,观察组38例给予左乙拉西坦治疗,对照组32例给予卡马西平治疗,用药6个月时统计临床疗效,并对比两组用药前后血清免疫球蛋白(lgA、lgG和lgM)水平、发作频率,并统计不良反应发生情况。结果 (1)观察组总有效率为94.74%,与对照组的81.25%比较显著提高(P0.05);(2)观察组治疗后癫痫发作频率为(5.14±2.32)次/月,与对照组的(8.14±2.78)次/月比较显著减少(P0.05);(3)观察组治疗后的lgA、lgG、lgM水平均较对照组显著降低(P0.05);(4)观察组不良反应发生率为10.53%,与对照组的21.88%比较显著降低(P0.05)。结论对于儿童难治性癫痫,给予左乙拉西坦治疗具有疗效确切、用药安全的优点,在显著减少疾病发作频率的同时,还能改善患儿免疫水平,值得推广。     

舍曲林联合重复经颅磁刺激对老年2型糖尿病患者伴抑郁的疗效观察

目的 观察舍曲林联合重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对老年2型糖尿病伴抑郁患者的治疗效果.方法 选择2017-05—2020-08郑州大学第一附属医院老年内分泌科老年2型糖尿病伴抑郁患者120例,根据抛硬币法随机分为舍曲林联合重复经颅磁刺激组(联合组)和舍曲林单药治疗组(单药组)各60例,观察8周,联合组随访到53例,单药组...     

内观疗法对青少年抑郁症患者的疗效观察

目的 探讨内观疗法对青少年抑郁症患者疗效的影响.方法 86例青少年抑郁症患者随机分为研究组（43例）和对照组（43例）,研究组患者给予疗程为5d的内观治疗联合28 d的舍曲林治疗,对照组患者给予4周的舍曲林治疗,治疗前后采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-17）和社会适应能力诊断量表对两组患者进行疗效评定.结果 治疗5d、28 d后两组HAMD-17评分均较治疗前显著降低（P＜0.01）,研究组HAMD-17评分低于对照组（P＜0.01）.治疗28 d后两组HAMD-17评分均较同组治疗5d后评分降低（P＜0.01）.治疗5d、28 d后两组社会适应量表评分均较治疗前升高（P＜0.01）,研究组社会适应量表评分高于对照组（P＜0.01）.治疗28 d后两组社会适应量表评分均较同组治疗5d后评分升高（P＜0.01）.结论 内观疗法联合抗抑郁药物能有效改善青少年抑郁症患者的抑郁情绪,并提高其社会适应能力.     

The influence of levetiracetam on psychosocial and behavioral functioning in children: A case–control and follow-up study

BackgroundLevetiracetam, a widely used antiepileptic drug in children, has been associated with psychosocial and behavioral problems, which are also influenced by epilepsy variables, including duration or seizure frequency.PurposeThe objective of this study is to investigate the frequency and timing of treatment-emergent psychosocial and behavioral problems in children receiving levetiracetam, irrespective of seizure variables which are possible confounders.MethodsA prospective, case–control study with a 3-month follow-up was conducted. Consecutive children aged 6 to 16 years with new-onset partial seizures were included in case of starting treatment with either levetiracetam or valproic acid. Psychosocial and behavioral functioning were assessed using a set of standardized questionnaires including Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) at baseline, 1 and 3-month follow-up. Patients' baseline scores were compared to healthy subjects. The difference in the follow-up SDQ and CDI scores was evaluated in patients receiving levetiracetam and valproic acid.ResultsA total of 101 participants were analyzed; 32 patients in levetiracetam group, 19 patients in valproic acid group and 50 healthy controls. Baseline SDQ and CDI scores were not statistically different between patients and healthy subjects (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in CDI, total and subscale SDQ scores between patients receiving levetiracetam or valproic acid during the study period (p > 0.05). A girl aged 15 years receiving levetiracetam had a CDI score of 18 without suicidal ideation at baseline. She developed suicidal ideation and depression, which resolved after switching of levetiracetam to valproic acid, at the 1-month follow-up. No other psychiatric or behavioral side-effects were observed in other patients.ConclusionPsychosocial and behavioral side-effects of levetiracetam treatment are not frequent and they don't emerge in most of children at lower doses. At this dose, and after 3 months, using these specific instruments, we did not observe any difference between the valproic acid and levetiracetam treatment groups.     

Evaluation of clinical aspects and quality of life as risk factors for depression in patients with epilepsy

The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical aspects and quality of life (QOL) as risk factors for depression in patients with epilepsy. One hundred and forty outpatients with a diagnosis of epilepsy who were attending our epilepsy center participated. Patients anonymously filled out a questionnaire with clinical data related to epilepsy. Depression level was evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17), and quality of life was evaluated by the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 (QOLIE-31). Thirty-six patients with epilepsy suffered from depression (25.7%). Complex partial seizures (OR=0.112) and number of seizure types (OR=3.773) were found to be clinical risk factors for depression. Low scores for seizure worry (OR=0.947) and social function (OR=0.947) on the QOLIE-31 increased the probability of depression in patients with epilepsy.     

认知行为团体治疗对住院抑郁症患者的疗效

目的：探讨认知行为团体治疗对住院抑郁症患者的疗效。方法：64例住院抑郁症患者随机分为研究组和对照组各32例。两组均给予盐酸舍曲林治疗,研究组同时接受为期8周,每周1次的认知行为团体治疗。两组分别于入组前及治疗8周接受汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-17）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）及自动思维问卷（ATQ）的评定;治疗8周后接受团体治疗疗效因子问卷调查。结果：两组HAMD、HAMA及ATQ评分均较治疗前显著降低（P均〈0.01）,以研究组HAMD、HAMA及ATQ评分显著低于对照组（t=-2.63,-2.93,-2.81;P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。研究组团体治疗疗效因子中普同性、情绪宣泄、人际学习（获取）、人际学习（付出）、团体凝聚力等因子显著优于对照组（t=11.74,7.18,5.88,6.09,3.39;P均=0.001）。结论：认知行为团体治疗可有效提高住院抑郁症患者的疗效。     

盐酸氟西汀联合利培酮治疗难治性抑郁症的效果及对患者睡眠质量的影响

目的探讨盐酸氟西汀联合利培酮治疗难治性抑郁症临床效果及对患者睡眠质量的影响,为难治性抑郁症的治疗提供参考。方法选取2015年1月-2016年10月就诊于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准的92例难治性抑郁症患者,采用随机数字表法分为盐酸氟西汀组(对照组)和盐酸氟西汀联合利培酮组(观察组)各46例,疗程8周。于治疗前和治疗8周后,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版(HAMD-17)评定疗效,采用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(PSQI)评定睡眠质量,采用自制不良反应记录表记录药物治疗过程中不良反应发生情况。结果治疗8周后,观察组总有效率高于对照组(93.5%vs.78.3%,χ~2=4.39,P0.05),观察组HAMD-17评分低于对照组[(13.2±2.8)分vs.(16.3±3.4)分,t=4.77,P0.01],PSQI评分较对照组低[(10.2±1.2)分vs.(12.1±1.4)分,t=6.99,P0.01]。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(6.5%vs.13.0%,χ~2=0.49,P=0.48)。结论单用盐酸氟西汀与盐酸氟西汀联合利培酮均可改善难治性抑郁症患者的临床症状及睡眠质量,但联合用药较单用盐酸氟西汀效果更好,二者安全性相当。     

Intravenous levetiracetam in children with epilepsy

Intravenous levetiracetam recently became available for use in patients aged >16 years. There are few data about its safety and efficacy in children. We retrospectively analyzed data from children treated with intravenous levetiracetam. Ten patients (6 female, 4 male), aged 3 weeks to 19 years, were treated with intravenous levetiracetam at a mean dose of 50.5 mg/kg/day for a mean duration of 4.9 days. Four patients received intravenous levetiracetam for acute repetitive seizures/status epilepticus, and three as replacement for oral levetiracetam because administration of oral levetiracetam was temporarily infeasible. One patient each received intravenous levetiracetam for seizure prophylaxis during brain biopsy, as maintenance treatment after acute seizures, and as substitute for sodium valproate. Three of four patients with acute repetitive seizures/status epilepticus became seizure-free; the fourth patient had a partial reduction in seizure frequency. All three patients who received intravenous levetiracetam as substitute for oral levetiracetam tolerated the switch well. The other three patients were seizure-free on intravenous levetiracetam. No serious adverse effects were observed, and all patients completed treatment with intravenous levetiracetam for the intended period. Intravenous levetiracetam may be effective in various clinical situations requiring intravenous administration of an antiepileptic drug.     

左乙拉西坦添加治疗学龄期难治性癫痫患儿认知功能与生活质量的影响

目的观察并探讨左乙拉西坦(levetiracetam,LEV)添加治疗对学龄期难治性癫痫(refractory epilepsy,RE)患儿认知功能与生活质量的影响。方法入选2013年6月至2015年12月收治的55例RE儿童为研究对象,所有患儿在继续原有治疗方案基础上行LEV添加治疗16周,起始剂量8~10 mg/(kg·d),逐步加量至50 mg/(kg·d),达标后维持剂量30 mg/(kg·d),期间记录药物不良反应,治疗结束后判定临床疗效,采用韦氏儿童智力量表评价患儿认知功能,采用儿童癫痫生活质量量表评价生活质量改变。结果患儿治疗后癫痫平均发作次数(3.8±1.3 vs.6.6±2.3)次/月较入组前明显下降(P0.05)。治疗后临床控制率、显效率、有效率、无效率分别为9.1%、36.4%、43.6%、10.9%,总体有效率为89.1%。患儿治疗后WISC-CR智力评价中算术(10.9±2.6 vs.9.2±2.1)、填图评分(15.1±3.9 vs.13.8±3.3)较治疗前显著提高(P0.05)。患儿治疗后QOLCE评价中生活质量总分(65.7±5.7vs.62.8±4.9)及认知功能(60.0±5.7 vs.57.4±6.2)、社会功能(65.0±6.3 vs.62.5±5.5)评分显著高于治疗前(P0.05)。服药期间,患儿头晕、乏力、嗜睡、易激惹、欣快感、一过性转氨酶升高发生率分别为12.7%、9.1%、20.0%、5.5%、3.6%、3.6%;16周服药保留率96.4%。结论 LEV添加治疗能显著减少RE患儿癫痫发作次数,并有助于改善患儿认知功能与生活质量,但应注意LEV对精神行为的影响。     

Levetiracetam or oxcarbazepine as monotherapy in newly diagnosed benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS): an open-label, parallel group trial

To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam or oxcarbazepine as monotherapy in children with newly diagnosed benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). Twenty-one children (11 males, 10 females), aged between 5 and 13 years (mean 10.5 years), and 18 (10 M, 8 F), aged between 3.3 and 14 years (mean 8.4 years), were randomised to receive monotherapy with levetiracetam or oxcarbazepine, respectively. LEV was titrated up to 20-30 mg/kg/once or twice a day, and OXC up to 20-35 mg/kg once or twice a day. Thirty-nine consecutive children (21 males, 18 females), aged between 3.3 and 14 years (mean 10.7 years), were recruited into the study. Twenty-one were randomised on LEV (11 male, 10 female; mean age 10.5 years), and 18 on OXC (10 male, 8 female; mean age 8.4 years). After a mean follow-up period of 18.5 months (range 12-24 months), 19 out of 21 patients (90.5%) on levetiracetam, and 13 out of 18 (72,22%) on oxcarbazepine did not have further seizures. Mean serum level of LEV was 4.1 microg/ml (range 1.3-9.0), and of OXC was 15.2 microg/ml (range 4.2-27.5). Adverse side effects on LEV were reported in 3 children (14.3%), represented by mild and transient decreased appetite (2) and cephalalgia (1). They were reported on OXC in 2/18 (11.1%), including headache (1), and sedation (1). These preliminary data from an open, parallel group study suggest that levetiracetam and oxcarbazepine may be potentially effective and well tolerated drugs for children with BECTS who require treatment.     

左乙拉西坦与拉莫三嗪治疗伴中央颞区棘波的儿童良性癫痫的疗效比较

目的研究左乙拉西坦与拉莫三嗪治疗伴中央颞区棘波儿童良性癫痫(benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes,BECT)的疗效。方法选取空军军医大学西京医院神经内科脑电图监测中心2017年1月至2019年12月收治的符合纳入标准的60例BECT患儿,按随机数字表法分为对照组(31例)和观察组(29例)。对照组给予拉莫三嗪治疗,观察组给予左乙拉西坦治疗,比较两组患儿的事件相关电位(ERP)P300潜伏期、韦氏儿童智力量表(WISC-R)评分。结果两组经治疗后ERP P300潜伏期均低于治疗前,WISC-R评分均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组和对照组患儿治疗前后ERP P300潜伏期和WISC-R评分差值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论左乙拉西坦与拉莫三嗪治疗均可降低BECT患儿ERP P300潜伏期,改善其认知功能,临床可根据患儿情况选择合适的抗癫痫药物治疗。