Knee arthrodesis in failed total knee arthroplasty with severe osteolysis and ipsilateral long-stem total hip arthroplasty

We report a case of knee fusion after a failed total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with severe osteolysis including the epicondyle and ipsilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) with long Wagner revision stem (Sulzer Orthopedics, Baar, Switzerland). The conventional devices for arthrodesis were unavailable in this case because of the long Wagner revision stem and poor bone stock. A connector was made between the long Wagner revision stem and an intramedullary nail (IM nail; Solco, Seoul, Korea). The custom-made connector was coupled with a femoral stem by cylindrical taper fit with additional cement augmentation and an intramedullary nail by screws. Osseous fusion was achieved without pain or instability.     

Treatment options for chronic pelvic discontinuity

Chronic pelvic discontinuity is a distinct and unique challenge seen during revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) in which the superior ilium is separated from the inferior ischiopubic segment through the acetabulum, rendering the anterior and posterior columns discontinuous. The operative management of acetabular bone loss in revision THA is one of the most difficult challenges today. Common treatment options include cage reconstruction with bulk acetabular allograft, custom triflange acetabular component, a cup-cage construct, jumbo acetabular cup with porous metal augments, or acetabular distraction with a porous tantalum shell with or without modular porous augments.     

Two-stage reconstruction of infected hip joints

Two-stage reconstruction using an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer is the preferred treatment of deep infection after total hip arthroplasty (THA). We evaluated the results of this technique for the treatment of primary hip infections. Nine consecutive patients with infected hip joints were treated using this technique. The average duration of follow-up was 42 months. Debridement and insertion of an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer was performed in the first stage. After eradication of infection, it was converted to THA in the second stage. Of the 9 hips, 8 were successfully converted to THA after an average of 23 weeks. One patient required spacer reinsertion, and another experienced reinfection after THA. Average Harris hip score improved from 38.37 before surgery to 57.62 between the 2 stages to 97.83 at final follow-up. Two-stage reconstruction using an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer was found to give satisfactory results for the treatment of hip infections with various etiologies.     

Threaded cup acetabuloplasty. Early clinical experience

Loosening of the acetabular cup component in total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a source of ongoing concern. Threaded cup acetabuloplasty (TCA) utilizes torque and compression to gain purchase of the acetabular cup into the bony margin of the acetabulum. In an earlier study of 121 patients who had THA with TCA, patient assessments and roentgenograms were examined at an average of 30 months after surgery. Twenty percent of the cases were carried out for failed arthroplasty and 20% of the procedures required bone-graft reconstruction. A 22% incidence of moderate to severe postoperative pain, a 3% incidence of cup dislodgement, and a 24% incidence of radiolucencies between 1-2 mm were observed. The four cup dislodgements occurred in patients with severe osteopenia or in those requiring extensive bone-graft acetabular reconstruction. Good clinical results were obtained for osteoarthritic patients treated with primary THA. These early findings suggest that there is no advantage, but there are possible disadvantages, to threaded cup acetabuloplasty when compared to cup fixation with cement.     

植骨重建在节段型髋臼缺损的全髋关节置换中的应用

目的　评价髋臼植骨重建在节段型髋臼缺损的全髋关节置换术 (total hip arthroplasty,THA)中的应用和效果。　方法　回顾分析 1991年～ 2 0 0 0年 ,采用自体骨移植重建髋臼治疗髋臼节段型缺损的 THA 39例 ,男 2 5例 ,女 14例。年龄 34～ 6 2岁 ,平均 4 5 .2岁。缺损为髋臼发育不良 2 1例 ,股骨颈骨折股骨头坏死、髋脱位 14例 ,髋臼骨折骨关节炎 4例。将切除股骨头或髂骨按缺损情况制成楔形置入缺损处 ,采用骨水泥 (12例 )或非骨水泥 (2 7例 )假体。术前Harris评分 18～ 5 0分 ,平均 38.1分。　结果　 2 4髋获随访 2～ 10年 (平均 6 .7年 )。术后肢体长度平均增加 2 .4 cm。植骨愈合良好 ,随访中未见假体松动。术后 1年和最后随访时平均 Harris评分分别为 92 .1和 86 .3分 ,与术前 Harris评分比较有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 5 )。术后 1年和最后随访时优良率分别为 91.7%和 83.3%。　结论　采用自体骨重建存在节段型缺损的髋臼 ,对术后髋关节功能的稳定性具有重要意义。     

髋关节感染二期翻修手术中应用骨水泥型假体占位器

假体周围感染(PJI)是全髋关节置换术后灾难性的并发症,目前二期翻修手术对于髋关节PJI仍是最为有效的治疗方法.传统的抗生素骨水泥关节型占位器的植入是二期翻修间隔期控制感染复发的关键,但既往研究中患者于间隔期髋关节功能及生活质量均处于较低水平.骨水泥型假体是较为新颖的二期翻修占位器设计,以PROSTALAC系统为代表的...     

髋臼骨折内固定术后继发髋关节深部感染的全髋关节置换术

目的探讨全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗成人髋臼骨折术后继发髋部深部感染的近期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年8月至2012年12月采用THA手术治疗8例成人髋臼骨折术后继发髋部深部感染的临床资料,男5例,女3例;年龄38-51岁,平均45岁。前柱骨折1例,后柱并后壁骨折4例,横行骨折2例,横行伴后壁骨折1例。术前行关节穿刺及术中取关节周围组织送细菌培养和药敏试验。手术取出内固定物,彻底清创,1例行一期THA手术,7例采取一期植入抗生素骨水泥间隔体,术后静脉滴注及口服抗生素,定期复查红细胞沉降率（ESR）、C反应蛋白（CRP）连续两次正常后,行二期THA手术。术后定期随访,常规复查ESR、CRP,摄髋关节正侧位X线片,采用Harris髋关节评分评估髋关节功能。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间14-55个月,平均29.5个月。一期与二期手术间隔时间5-15个月,平均8.5个月。Harris髋关节评分从术前平均（53.8±4.9）分,提高至末次随访时平均（92.3±5.3）分,差异有统计学意义（t=33.14,P〈0.01）。随访期间无1例发生假体周围感染、假体松动及脱位。结论对继发于髋臼骨折内固定手术的髋部感染,彻底清创及应用抗生素骨水泥间隔体可有效控制感染,骨小梁金属钽杯可提供有效的骨长入。     

Relation between vertical orientation and stability of acetabular component in the dysplastic hip simulated by nonlinear three-dimensional finite element method

In acetabular dysplasia, more vertical orientation of the acetabular component is often used to minimize the superolateral bone grafting. This study was designed to determine the effects of vertical orientation of the cup on the stability and polyethylene wear of the acetabular component in uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). Three-dimensional finite element models of the hemipelvis with dysplastic acetabulum were developed. Metal-backed hemispherical cups were placed in the true acetabulum with abduction angles of 35, 45, 55, and 65 degrees. It was found that more vertical orientation of the cup was associated with larger relative motion of the metal shell between the acetabulum and metal shell. Furthermore, tilting and torsional shear stresses in the model of the cup abduction angle of 65 degrees were found to be 1.7 times larger than that in the model with 35 degrees at the bone-metal shell interface. More vertically oriented cups caused larger contact stresses at the articulating surfaces of the polyethylene liners. The results suggest that the abduction angle of the acetabular component significantly influences cup loosening and polyethylene wear in THA.     

Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Crowe III/IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Acetabular Morphology and Reconstruction Techniques

The severe anatomic deformities render acetabular reconstruction as one of the greatest challenges in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patients with Crowe III/IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Thorough understanding of acetabular morphology and bone defect is the basis of acetabular reconstruction techniques. Researchers have proposed either true acetabulum position reconstruction or high hip center (HHC) position reconstruction. The former can obtain the optimal hip biomechanics, including bulk femoral head autograft, acetabular medial wall displacement osteotomy, and acetabular component medialization, while the latter is relatively easy for hip reduction, as it can avoid neurovascular lesions and obtain more bone coverage; however, it cannot achieve good hip biomechanics. Both techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages. Although there is no consensus on which approach is better, most researchers suggest the true acetabulum position reconstruction. Based on the various acetabular deformities in DDH patients, evaluation of acetabular morphology, bone defect, and bone stock using the 3D image and acetabular component simulation techniques, as well as the soft tissue tension around the hip joint, individualized acetabular reconstruction plans can be formulated and appropriate techniques can be selected to acquire desired clinical outcomes.     

Femoral shortening and cementless arthroplasty in Crowe type 4 congenital dislocation of the hip

Purpose  

In reconstruction of congenital hip dislocation by total hip arthroplasty (THA), positioning of the acetabular component in the true acetabulum is sometimes accompanied by shortening of the femur. Shortening of the femur is of importance for minimising risk of damaging neurovascular structures due to excessive limb lengthening. Furthermore, reduction of the femoral head into the true acetabulum remains challenging without shortening of the femur.     

Fat embolism syndrome following the intramedullary alignment guide in total knee arthroplasty

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a well-known complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). FES occurs less frequently in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) than in THA. A 67-year-old woman developed FES after placement of the intramedullary femoral alignment guide during TKA. The diagnosis is based upon a subtle, but significant change in the oxygen saturation after placement of the guide. This potentially fatal complication may be avoided with a simple precautionary step of intramedullary canal marrow aspiration prior to placement of the alignment guide pin.     

Outcome of total hip arthroplasty as a salvage procedure for failed infected internal fixation of hip fractures

Background:

Failed infected internal fixation produces significant pain and functional disability. In infected internal fixation of hip fractures with partial or complete head destruction, total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be technically challenging; however, it restores hip biomechanics. The present study is to evaluate the results and assess the complications of THA following failed infected internal fixation of these fractures.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective review of prospectively collected data in a tertiary healthcare center was performed of 20 consecutive patients of THA following failed infected internal fixation operated between September 2001 and November 2007. There were 11 dynamic hip screw failures for intertrochanteric fractures, 6 failed osteotomies following transcervical fractures, and 3 failed screw fixations for transcervical fractures.

Results:

The average age of the patients was 48.5 years (range 28-70 years) and the average followup period was 6.5 years (range 3.5-10.5 years). An indigenously designed cement spacer was used in a majority of patients (n = 15). The custom-made antibiotic impregnated cement spacer was prepared on-table, with the help of a K-nail bent at 130°, long stem Austin Moore''s prosthesis (n=1), Charnley''s prosthesis (n=1), or bent Rush nail (n=1). The antibiotic mixed cement was coated over the hardware in its doughy phase and appropriately shaped using an asepto syringe or an indigenously prepared spacer template. Nineteen of the 20 patients underwent two-stage revision surgeries. The average Harris hip score improved from 35.3 preoperatively to 82.85 postoperatively at the last followup. A significant difference was found (P < 0.0001). None of the patients had recurrence of infection.

Conclusions:

The results were comparable to primary arthroplasty in femoral neck fractures. Thus, THA is a useful salvage procedure for failed infected internal fixation of hip fractures.     

Destruction of acetabular bone caused by early failure of a constrained acetabular component

Use of a constrained acetabular component is 1 option for the treatment of dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. We report a case of a constrained acetabular component that resulted in postoperative early fixation loss and required revision 12 days after primary surgery. The superoposterior wall of the acetabulum was destroyed by the migrated acetabular component. Sharp ends of screws with a metal shell may have plowed up acetabular bone gradually after fixation loss of the component. This failure illustrates the potential risk of using a constrained acetabular component for total hip arthroplasty.     

人工全髋关节置换术中非感染性髋臼骨缺损的治疗策略

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术在治疗非感染性髋臼骨缺损中的应用。方法 2000年1月至2010年1月间40例非感染性髋臼骨缺损初次行全髋关节置换患者,其中CroweⅢ、Ⅳ型先天性髋关节脱位18例,髋关节感染后融合14例,陈旧性髋臼骨折8例。内移髋关节旋转中心17例,结构性植骨13例,颗粒松质骨打压植骨10例;有14例应用钛网,9例重建钢板,7例加强杯固定。术前术后进行临床评估及X线评估。结果本组手术全部成功,术后无感染发生。本组40例患者随访8～42个月,平均（10.4±2.1）个月,随访时无假体松动,关节无疼痛,患者对手术结果满意,髋关节功能较术前明显改善,术前平均Harris评分为（58.4±6.1）分,术后为（88.6±3.1）分;术后平均Harris评分较术前提高明显,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对非感染性髋臼节段性和混合性骨缺损进行大块植骨并辅以颗粒骨,并选用牢固的钉板系统固定,将髋臼重建在真臼位置,并尽量采用非骨水泥型臼杯,通过不同的重建方法可以获得良好的髋关节功能。     

Cementation of a dual‐mobility acetabular component into a well‐fixed metal shell during revision total hip arthroplasty: A biomechanical validation

Cementation of polyethylene (PE) liners into well‐fixed metal shells has become a popular option during revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) particularly for older and frail patients. Although dramatic results were reported with dual‐mobility acetabular components to manage hip instability during revision THA, no study evaluated the fixation strength of the cementation of dual‐mobility components into well‐fixed metal shells. Eight dual‐mobility and eight all‐PE components were cemented into a metal shell with a uniform 2‐ to 3‐mm cement mantle. The cemented fixation strength was evaluated using lever‐out and torsion testing. The interface at which failure occurred was determined. Lever‐out testing showed that dual‐mobility components failed at significantly higher maximum moment than the all‐PE components. No direct comparison could be performed with torsion testing due to early failure of the all‐PE component itself before failure of the cement fixation. However, the maximum moments measured were dramatically higher than the in vivo frictional moments classically reported in THA. In addition, failure was always observed at the metal shell/cement interface whenever it did occur. In conclusion, a dual‐mobility acetabular component cemented into a well‐fixed metal shell could constitute a biomechanically acceptable alternative to acetabular shell removal or PE liner cementation while simultaneously preventing instability of the THA revision. Clinical studies are warranted. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 991–997, 2013     

Dissociation of modular total hip arthroplasty at the femoral head-neck interface after loosening of the acetabular shell following hip dislocation

Modular component dissociation is a potential problem of current modular total hip arthroplasty (THA) systems. We describe a case of dissociation of the modular THA at the femoral head-neck interface after loosening of the acetabular shell during closed reduction for posterior dislocation of THA. The causes of this dissociation and acetabular shell loosening are discussed. Successful treatment was provided with surgical revision of the acetabular and the femoral head components. The present case serves as a graphic reminder that the acetabular shell overhanging the acetabular bone must be avoided when implanting modular THA components.     

Total hip reconstruction in the anatomically distorted hip

Recent reports in the literature strongly support the idea that cement is the optimum form of fixation of the femoral component in total hip replacement. For hybrid total hip arthroplasty, we used a cemented cup instead of an uncemented cup since this was inevitable in cases of poorly developed acetabulum. The uncemented cone femoral component is also beneficial in cases of extremely narrow and cylindrical configuration of the medullary cavity of untreated congenital dislocation of the hips (CDH) and tuberculosis or septic arthritis in childhood. We reviewed the clinical result of a consecutive series of patients with cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) compared with recent studies on hybrid reconstruction using survivorship analysis. This subsequent study involved a hybrid uncemented Wagner cone femoral component and a cemented acetabular component with roof reinforcement by additional impacted cancellous allograft with hydroxyapatite (HA). We believe that early failure of the cemented components was due to an adverse effect of thin cement mantles around cemented femoral stems as well as the cemented cup in THA. In addition, 8 patients who received our modification of the Charnley CDH component had poor results even though we reduced the stem geometry and thickness. Furthermore, intraoperative fracture and splitting of the proximal femur was a major complication during implantation. Contrary to expectations, the results of these hybrid reconstructions were extremely encouraging (average follow-up period of 2–4.5 years). In addition to our experience of the cemented versus hybrid THA involving the uncemented Wagner femoral component, we have determined positive indications for the untreated and severely distorted anatomy of bilateral CDH for which surgical interventions for reconstruction were not recommended before.     

The Fate of Osteophytes in the Superolateral Region of the Acetabulum After Total Hip Arthroplasty

Acetabular osteophytes are common during total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the fate and role of superolateral osteophytes of the acetabulum after THA remain unclear. The present study reviewed a series of radiographic changes in the osteophytes on the superolateral region of the acetabulum in 35 hips. The mean follow-up period was 42.2 months. The results revealed that the osteophytes that were not in contact with the superolateral edge of acetabular cup were gradually absorbed after THA. In contrast, the osteophytes that were in contact with the superolateral edge of the acetabular cup underwent remodeling, formed regular trabecula, were stress bearing, and eventually integrated with the acetabular cup and the original acetabular bone, and should play a role in stabilizing the acetabular cup.     

Vesicoacetabular Fistula in a Chronically Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty

Fistula formation between the bladder and acetabulum related to total hip arthroplasty (THA) is rare, and few cases have been documented. Common features of the reported cases include a defect in the medial wall of the acetabulum, a chronically infected THA, a history of bladder injury, vesicocutaneous fistulas, and a history of pelvis radiation exposure. We report the case of a vesicoacetabular fistula discovered during antibiotic spacer placement in a woman with a chronically infected THA. The patient received bilateral ureteral stents extending from the renal pelvis to the urethra. Three months later, the patient was free of infection and was able to undergo reimplantation arthroplasty.     

Delayed cementless total hip arthroplasty for neglected dislocation of hip combined with complex acetabular fracture and deficient bone stock

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for an untreated acetabular fracture is technically challenging and the long-term result is not so favorable. A 45-year-old female patient with untreated column and comminuted posterior wall fracture of the acetabulum was treated in our institution by reconstruction of the posterior wall using iliac strut autograft and plate stabilization of the posterior column with cancellous grafting and cementless THA in a single stage. At 3 years’ follow-up, the patient was independently mobile without limb length discrepancy. Radiological evaluation showed well integrated components and bone grafts. No evidence of aseptic loosening or osteolysis was found. This report aims to emphasize that bony acetabular reconstruction allows the use of primary hip components, which improves prosthesis longevity and preserves bone stock for a future revision.