变应性鼻炎患者鼻分泌物中嗜酸粒细胞计数与鼻用糖皮质激素治疗反应的关系

目的 观察常年性持续性变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者不同炎症类型(嗜酸粒细胞炎症型与非嗜酸粒细胞炎症型)对鼻用糖皮质激素治疗的反应性.方法 选择近3个月内未接受糖皮质激素治疗的常年性持续性AR患者42例,根据鼻分泌物嗜酸粒细胞计数将患者分为嗜酸粒细胞组(A组,嗜酸粒细胞数≥0.03,23例)与非嗜酸粒细胞组(B组,嗜酸粒细胞数<0.03,19例)进行AR症状、体征评分和鼻分泌物细胞分类计数.采用酶联免疫荧光法测定鼻分泌物嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白浓度.糖皮质激素治疗2、4、6个月时进行随访,并进行疗效评价.结果 A组鼻分泌物中嗜酸粒细胞数[中位数M(25分位数;75分位数),下同]、嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白水平(x±s,下同)基线值分别为0.086[0.065;0.176]、(326±145)μg/L,B组分别为0.016[0.005;0.022]、(154±58)μg/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t值分别为4.40、3.33,P值均<0.01).鼻用糖皮质激素治疗2、6个月后,A组嗜酸粒细胞数,嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白水平分别为0.038[0.006;0.070]、0.019[0.010;0.060]、(175±122)μg/L、(175±153)μg/L,与基线值比较差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为6.73、7.38,P值均<0.05);B组分别为0.014[0.004;0.032]、0.015[0.000;0.026]、(118±60)μg/L、(112±60)μg/L,与基线值比较,嗜酸粒细胞数差异无统计学意义(F=0.82,P>0.05),而嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白水平差异有统计学意义(F=3.78,P<0.05).A组平均症状、体征评分与B组在基线及2,4、6个月时不同时间点比较差异均无统计学意义.鼻用糖皮质激素用量,两组各时间点比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论 对于鼻分泌物嗜酸粒细胞数增高的AR患者,鼻用糖皮质激素能够抑制嗜酸粒细胞性炎症,改善AR患者的症状和体征.非嗜酸粒细胞数增高的AR患者对糖皮质激素治疗反应性差.     

变应性鼻炎患者外周血T-bet的表达及其与IgE和嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白的关系

目的探讨变应性鼻炎(ALLERGIC RHINITIS,AR)患者外周血单核细胞(PERIPHERAL BLOODMONOUCLEAR CELLS,PBMC)中转录因子T-BET MRNA的表达及其与血清总IGE(TIGE)、患者鼻过敏症状和嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(EOSINOPHILE CATIONIC PROTEIN,ECP)的关系。方法用UNICAP CAP系统检测血清变应原、TIGE和ECP的含量。取22例对尘螨过敏的AR患者和8例健康人静脉血,密度梯度离心分离PBMC,其中部分PBMC用50ΜG/ML螨变应原培养刺激,用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(REVERSETRANSCRIPTASE-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION,RT-PCR)检测T-BET MRNA的表达。结果①AR患者和正常人T-BET MRNA表达强度与参照物Β-ACTIN的比率(X-±S)分别是0·381±0·099和0·750±0·067,差异有统计学意义(P<0·01);②T-BET MRNA的表达强度分别与AR患者症状评分、ECP的水平没有相关性(R分别是0·187和-0·165,P值均>0·05);③而T-BET MRNA表达强度与患者血清TIGE水平呈负相关(R=-0·525,P<0·05);④变应原刺激前后T-BET MRNA表达强度分别是0·381±0·099和0·365±0·104,差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。结论变应原为螨的AR患者PBMC中,T-BET MRNA表达较健康人低,T-BET MRNA低表达是AR发生TH1和TH2失衡机制中的重要环节之一。T-BET MRNA的下调表达程度与AR患者症状严重程度和ECP浓度无关。特异性变应原的刺激对AR患者PBMC中的T-BET表达没有影响。T-BET是间接影响IGE水平的因素之一。     

变应性鼻炎患者血清嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白在特异性免疫治疗中的变化

目的:通过观察变应性鼻炎患者接受特异性免疫治疗前后血清嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)的变化,评价免疫治疗的效果,探讨其治疗机制.方法:52例变应性鼻炎患者随机分为治疗组32例和对照组20例,治疗组用舌下含服变应原特异性免疫治疗,对照组给予布地奈德喷鼻,在治疗前后抽静脉血查ECP.结果:治疗组和对照组治疗前血清ECP分别为(26.2±5.9)μg/L和(27.4±6.3)μg/L,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后血清ECP分别为(18.3±3.4)μg/L和(23.2±3.7)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).两组治疗后与治疗前相比,血清ECP差异均有统计学意义(治疗组P<0.01,对照组P<0.05).结论:特异性免疫治疗能有效降低患者血清ECP,其可能的免疫机制是有效地抑制了嗜酸粒细胞在鼻腔的聚集与活化,降低其释放ECP的能力,起到治疗作用.     

倍氯米松对变应性鼻炎鼻分泌物中嗜酸粒细胞的作用

为探讨倍氯米松对变应性鼻炎鼻分泌物中嗜酸粒细胞的作用，使用激光共聚焦显微镜扫描和荣光技术，观察变应性鼻炎患者鼻分泌物中嗜酸粒细胞经倍氯米松处理后的形态变化。扫描图像分析显示，倍氯米松处理后，嗜酸粒细胞内RNA的荧光强度明显减弱。提示倍氯米松的抗炎作用是通过调控细胞内DNA转录形成RNA，使蛋白质合成降低，细胞分泌与释放物质的作用减弱，进而使鼻部炎症缓解来实现的。     

变应性鼻炎鼻分泌物中嗜酸细胞形态学观察

用电镜对７例花粉症患者和另７例常年性变应性鼻炎患者鼻分泌物中嗜酸细胞（ｅｏｓｉｎｏｐｈｉｌ，ＥＣ）在花粉期和非花粉期的形态进行了观察，并用图象分析仪对ＥＣ的形态学进行了分析。结果表明，花粉症患者鼻分泌物中ＥＣ的截面积在非花粉季节显著小于花粉季节ＥＣ的截面积，细胞表面微绒毛样突起增多。表面在非花粉季节中鼻粘膜中的ＥＣ表面皱缩，功能上处于相对不状态。     

变应性鼻炎患者舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂免疫治疗早期鼻分泌物嗜酸细胞计数变化及临床意义

目的探讨变应性鼻炎舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂免疫治疗早期鼻分泌物嗜酸细胞计数及与临床症状的关系。方法对43例行舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂免疫治疗的变应性鼻炎患者,在免疫治疗前及治疗后2、4、8周采集鼻腔分泌物,经涂片染色后计数鼻分泌物嗜酸细胞,并分析其与临床症状的可能相关性。结果舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂免疫治疗后4、8周鼻分泌物嗜酸细胞计数较免疫治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);免疫治疗后4周及8周主观症状有明显改善的患者鼻分泌物嗜酸细胞计数较免疫治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗变应性鼻炎时,鼻黏膜局部免疫状态的改变在免疫治疗后4周或更早的时间已经发生。     

变应性鼻炎鼻粘膜嗜酸粒细胞脱颗粒透射电镜观察

为研究应变性鼻炎鼻粘膜嗜酸粒细胞（ＥＯＳ）超微结构，从临床确诊为常年性变应性鼻炎，花粉症和健康对照鼻粘取活组织检查标本，除常规组织病理学检查外，重点观察ＥＯＳ脱颗粒的超微结构改变。ＰＡＲ和ＰＳ患者的鼻粘膜除不同程度的炎性反应外，均有明显的ＥＯＳ浸润。     

变应性鼻炎鼻粘膜嗜酸粒细胞脱颗粒透射电镜观察

为研究变应性鼻炎鼻粘膜嗜酸粒细胞（ＥＯＳ）超微结构，从临床确诊为常年性变应性鼻炎（ＰＡＲ，ｎ＝１３）、花粉症（ＰＳ，ｎ＝９）和健康对照（ｎ＝３）鼻粘膜取活组织检查标本，除常规组织病理学检查外，重点观察ＥＯＳ脱颗粒的超微结构改变。ＰＡＲ和ＰＳ患者的鼻粘膜除不同程度的炎性反应外，均有明显的ＥＯＳ浸润。缓解期鼻粘膜ＥＯＳ胞膜完整、无突起，胞浆颗粒密度一致、中心键（ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｏｉｄ）清晰，胞浆无空泡化，为静息期ＥＯＳ。发作期鼻粘膜ＥＯＳ胞膜多不完整，伸出较多伪足，伪足中含有颗粒，胞浆空泡化明显，颗粒密度不一，中心键常脱失，为活化期ＥＯＳ。此外，尚可见大量的肥大细胞（ＭＣ）及Ｔ淋巴细胞浸润。ＥＯＳ与ＭＣ及Ｔ淋巴细胞的相互作用在变应性鼻炎的发生、发展中起重要作用。     

The effect of immunotherapy on the serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein in seasonal allergic rhinitis

The role of serum eosinophil cationic protein levels in allergic rhinitis is controversial. It is also unclear whether with immunotherapy it is possible to reduce these serum levels in allergic diseases. We studied serum eosinophil cationic protein levels in patients with cedar-induced allergic rhinitis and compared them with non-atopic controls. The second aim of this study was to elucidate whether immunotherapy is capable of decreasing the seasonal elevation in serum eosinophil cationic protein levels in seasonal allergic rhinitis. The serum eosinophil cationic protein levels of the untreated patient group were significantly higher than those of the non-atopic controls. The levels in patients who received immunotherapy for 2 yr were also significantly higher than those of the non-atopic controls. However, the levels were not different between the patients undergoing immunotherapy for over 3 yr and the non-atopic controls. The serum levels of the 31 patients treated with immunotherapy correlated with the duration of immunotherapy. In conclusion, the serum eosinophil cationic protein levels are higher in untreated patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and this seasonal activation in circulating eosinophils decreases gradually during immunotherapy, but this inhibitory effect becomes apparent only after a number of years of immunotherapy. This prevention of seasonal eosinophil activation is one of the mechanisms responsible for the clinical effect of immunotherapy.     

鼻息肉及变应性鼻炎中IL-17表达与嗜酸粒细胞浸润的意义

目的:观察鼻息肉与变应性鼻炎中IL-17表达与嗜酸粒细胞(Eos)浸润情况,探讨IL-17与Eos在其发病中作用及相关性。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测鼻息肉21例、变应性鼻炎18例及单纯中隔偏曲12例中IL-17表达情况,苏木精-伊红染色下观察炎性细胞浸润并计数Eos进行比较分析。结果:①发现在变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜下固有层、鼻息肉组织上皮层及间质内Eos、中性粒细胞为主的炎性细胞及部分腺体内有IL-17表达;②检测3组中免疫组织化学IL-17阳性细胞数、IOD(IL-17阳性表达吸收度值)及苏木精-伊红染色Eos计数,发现鼻息肉与变应性鼻炎间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Eos数与IL-17阳性细胞数在鼻息肉中存在正相关性,相关系数r=0.606,P<0.01,在变应性鼻炎中两者亦有相关性,相关系数R=0.446,P<0.05。结论:①IL-17是一种新型的细胞因子,在鼻息肉组织与变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜组织中有表达,因此在发病过程中可能起调节免疫炎症反应作用,可做为深入研究鼻息肉与变应性鼻炎发病机制的指标;②推断在鼻息肉及变应性鼻炎发病中IL-17亦有趋化E...     

免疫球蛋白游离轻链在变应性及非变应性鼻炎中的表达水平及意义探讨

目的 检测变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)、非变应性鼻炎(non-allergic rhinitis,NAR)患者和健康对照组在鼻分泌物及血清中的免疫球蛋白游离轻链(free light chain,FLC)的表达水平,初步探讨FLC可能参与AR及NAR发病的免疫学机制.方法 选取2009年9-12月就诊的AR 及NAR患者各30例以及健康对照组30例,所有入组病例均进行过敏原皮肤点刺试验(skin prick tests,SPT)及血清特异性IgE检测(specific IgE,sIgE).对入组的所有患者进行鼻部症状的视觉模拟量表评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),包括阵发性喷嚏、鼻涕、鼻塞及鼻痒,采集患者外周血及鼻腔分泌物,检测其中的总IgE、嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(eosinophil cationic protein,ECP)、肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶(mast cell tryptase,MCT)、κFLC、λFLC蛋白表达水平.结果 AR及NAR组患者喷嚏、鼻涕、鼻塞、鼻痒的VAS评分差异无统计学意义(t值分别为1.189、0.741、0.758、0.797,P值均＞0.05).血清中κFLC、λFLC、ECP、MCT蛋白表达水平在NAR组均高于健康对照组(P值均＜0.05);λFLC蛋白表达水平在NAR组高于AR组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);κFLC、总IgE及ECP蛋白表达水平在AR 组高于健康对照组(P值均＜0.05).AR组及NAR组鼻分泌物中κFLC、λFLC、ECP及MCT的蛋白表达水平均较健康对照组明显升高(P值均＜0.05);ECP和总IgE蛋白表达水平在AR组较NAR组明显升高(P值均＜0.05).鼻分泌物中κFLC、λFLC分别与MCT呈正相关趋势(r值分别为0.518、0.484,P值均＜0.05).血清中κFLC、λFLC分别与ECP呈正相关趋势(r值分别为0.343、0.342,P值均＜0.05).结论 FLC可能参与了AR及NAR的发病,其在AR及NAR的发病过程中可能通过肥大细胞及嗜酸粒细胞参与并发挥一定的免疫学作用.     

转录因子RORC2和白细胞介素17的表达与变应性鼻炎症状关系的研究

目的 探讨变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者转录因子维甲酸相关孤儿受体(retinoic acid-related orphan receptor variant 2,RORC2)和白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)17的表达与过敏症状的关系.方法 取23例AR患者和16例健康人鼻黏膜、鼻分泌物和静脉血,采用免疫组化、实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应和酶联免疫吸附试验检测其中RORC2和IL-17的表达.对AR患者进行症状评分.采用SPSS 13.0软件对变应性鼻炎组与健康对照组各检测指标进行统计学分析.结果 AR组鼻黏膜中RORC2和IL-17免疫组化染色的阳性细胞率分别为0.17±0.05(-x±s,以下同)和0.72±0.13,高于健康对照组的0.05±0.02和0.27±0.11,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为9.51和11.92,P值均＜0.05).AR组鼻黏膜和外周血RORC2 mRNA的相对表达量为0.063±0.011和0.452±0.031,高于对照组的0.029±0.009和0.239±0.027,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为6.51和3.35,P值均＜0.05).AR组IL-17在鼻黏膜、鼻分泌物和外周血中的水平分别为(70.28±10.69)、(45.32±8.55)、(6.76±1.18)pg/ml,高于对照组的(18.43±8.34)、(6.83±1.31)、(0.74±0.05)pgml,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为7.92、17.66和15.43,P值均＜0.05).AR组鼻过敏症状评分为(9.43±1.27)分,分别与鼻黏膜、外周血RORC2 mRNA的表达以及鼻黏膜、外周血IL-17的表达水平呈正相关(r值分别为0.820、0.746和0.629、0.841,P值均＜0.05).结论 RORC2和IL-17参与了AR的炎性反应,可作为判断病情严重程度的指标之一.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the relationship between allergic symptoms and retinoic acid related orphan receptor variant 2 (RORC2) and interleukin(IL) 17 in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR).Methods Blood sample,nasal secretion and nasal mucosa were taken from 23 patients with AR and 16 health individuals.The expression of RORC2 and IL-17 were detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time fluorescence reverse polymerase chain reaction.The allergic symptoms in patients were graded.Results The rate of positive cells of RORC2 and IL-17 in AR group were 0.17 ±0.05 and 0.72 ±0.13,higher than the 0.05 ± 0.02 and 0.27 ± 0.11 of health controls,the difference was statistically significant(t were 9.51 and 11.92 respectively,all P ＜0.05＝.The expression level of RORC2 mRNA in nasal mucosa and peripheral blood of AR group were 0.063 ± 0.011 and 0.452 ± 0.031,higher than the 0.029 ±0.009 and 0.239 ±0.027 of health controls,the difference was statistically significant (t were 6.51and 3.35 respectively,all P ＜0.05＝.The concentrations of IL-17 in the nasal mucosa,nasal secretions and serum levels of AR group were (70.28 ± 10.69) ,(45.32 ± 8.55) and (6.76 ± 1.18) pg/ml,compared with (18.43 ± 8.34),(6.83 ± 1.31) and (0.74 ±0.05) pg/ml of controls,the difference was statistically significant(t were 7.92,17.66 and 15.43 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05＝.The allergy symptom scores of AR group were 9.43 ± 1.27.There were correlations between the allergic symptom and the expression of RORC2 mRNA and IL-17 in nasal mucosa and peripheral blood (r value were 0.820,0.746,0.629,0.841 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05＝.Conclusion RORC2 and IL-17 involved in the inflammatory response of AR and can be used as an indicator to judge the severity.     

变应性鼻炎鼻分泌物中上皮细胞集落和嗜酸粒细胞的检测

为了观察变应性鼻炎（allesgicrhinitis，AR）患者鼻分泌物中的上皮细胞集落和嗜酸粒细胞，对20例AR患者（AR组）和15例鼻窦炎患者（感染组）鼻分泌物中细胞成分进行了电镜观察，发现AR组鼻分泌物中有大量上皮细胞集落，其特征是数个至数十个上皮细胞成片状脱落，上皮细胞集落的数量和嗜酸粒细胞的数量、嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白（eosinophiliccationicprotein，ECP）的含量呈正相关。感染组中上皮细胞集落和嗜酸粒细胞极少，ECP含量甚微。结果提示嗜酸粒细胞的ECP可能导致AR患者的鼻粘膜上皮呈片状脱落，对上皮结构造成损害。     

鼻腔冲洗治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效观察

目的：比较鼻腔冲洗及鼻用激素治疗对变应性鼻炎（AR）患者鼻部症状及气道炎症相关指标的影响,探讨鼻腔冲洗在AR治疗中的意义。方法：将61例经变应原皮肤点刺试验诊断为AR的患者随机分为3组：A组17例（单纯鼻用激素治疗）,B组21例（单纯鼻腔冲洗）,C组23例（鼻腔冲洗联合鼻用激素）。观察各组治疗前、治疗3个月后鼻部症状视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分和鼻炎结膜炎生活质量（RQLQ）评分及下气道呼出气一氧化氮（FENO）值。结果：3组患者治疗前VAS、RQLQ评分及FENO值比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,具有可比性。治疗3个月后3组患者VAS、RQLQ评分及FENO值均明显降低（P〈0.05）。治疗3个月后3项指标减少差值比较,VAS、RQLQ评分3组间差异无统计学意义,FENO值A、C组与B组比较均差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论：鼻腔冲洗能改善AR患者的鼻部症状,提高患者的生活质量,降低下气道炎症。鼻腔冲洗治疗AR有效,与鼻用激素联合使用能取得更明显的效果。     

Posture-induced nasal obstruction in patients with allergic rhinitis

Nasal resistance is affected by posture. In this study, the effects of supine and lateral recumbent positions were investigated in eight normal subjects and 31 patients with allergic rhinitis. Of the 31 patients with allergic rhinitis, five showed unilateral complete nasal obstruction and one patient showed bilateral complete obstruction during the change of posture. Total nasal resistance had a tendency to increase with repeating the change of posture (a paired t-test, P < 0.05). The supine and lateral recumbent positions did not induce variable changes in total nasal resistance in normal subjects. Posture induces complete nasal obstruction in the supine or lateral recumbent positions in some patients with allergic rhinitis.