有下尿路症状的良性前列腺增生患者前列腺特异性抗原检测的临床意义

目的:探讨前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)测定在有下尿路症状的良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者的临床意义。方法:比较520例有症状和196例无症状的BPH患者的总PSA(tPSA),游离PSA(fPSA)和fPSA/tPSA等指标,并进行统计学分析。结果:有症状组和无症状组的tPSA值分别为(5.13±2.49)、(1.73±1.26)μg/L,差异有极显著性(P<0.01);fPSA分别为(1.57±0.80)、(0.54±0.38)μg/L,差异有极显著性(P<0.01);fPSA/tPSA分别为0.31±0.09和0.30±0.11,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:有下尿路症状BPH患者的tPSA、fPSA明显高于无症状,但fPSA/tPSA比值在BPH患者中稳定。     

BPH患者组织学前列腺炎与PSA、前列腺体积、PSAD、IPSS、Qmax及PVR的相关性研究

目的:探讨BPH患者组织学前列腺炎与PSA、前列腺体积、PSA密度(PSAD)、IPSS、最大尿流率(Qmax)及残余尿量(PVR)的相关性。方法:手术切除或经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗的BPH患者673例。按照是否伴有组织学前列腺炎将患者分为两组:A组:BPH伴组织学前列腺炎;B组:BPH不伴有组织学前列腺炎。比较两组患者PSA、前列腺体积、PSAD、IPSS、Qmax及PVR。结果:A组PSA水平为(5.64±2.48)μg/L,前列腺体积(43.66±13.11)ml,PSAD 0.129±0.048,IPSS(24.72±5.39)分,Qmax(6.94±3.23)ml/s,PVR(124.90±49.80)ml;B组PSA水平为(4.97±1.99)μg/L,前列腺体积(40.41±11.44)ml,PSAD 0.123±0.034,IPSS(23.40±6.21)分,Qmax(7.75±3.52)ml/s,PVR(112.73±50.03)ml。A组PSA水平、前列腺体积、IPSS和PVR均明显高于B组(P<0.05);A组Qmax明显低于B组(P<0.05);PSAD两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:组织学前列腺炎能明显增加患者的PSA水平、前列腺体积、IPSS和PVR,降低患者Qmax。但是组织学前列腺炎与PSAD无关;组织学前列腺炎是影响BPH临床进展的重要因素。     

ROC曲线分析比较tPSA、fPSA／tPSA和PSAD在PSA灰区前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的 ROC曲线分析探讨前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)、总PSA(tPSA)和游离PSA/总PSA(fPSA/tPSA)3者在PSA灰区前列腺癌(PCa)中的临床诊断价值.方法 同顾性分析tPSA在4～10ng/ml之间的前列腺增生(BPH)患者75例和前列腺癌患者31例.化学发光法测定血清tPSA和fPSA,经直肠超声(TRUS)测定前列腺体积,计算fPSA/tPSA和PSAD.比较BPH组和PCa组间tPSA、PSAD和fPSA/tPSA各指标的差异,分析各指标在ROC曲线卜的面积、各指标的诊断特异性及敏感性.结果 PCa组与BPH组tPSA差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),PCa组fPSA/tPSA比值较BPH组降低(P＜0.01),PSAD值较BPH组升高(P＜0.05).ROC曲线下的面积从大到小为fPSA/tPSA＞PSAD＞tPSA.在诊断敏感性相同的情况下,fPSA/tPSA比值诊断特异性高于PSAD的诊断特异性.当fPSA/tPSA临界值取0.16时,诊断前列腺癌的灵敏度和特异性为67.7%和79.7%,PSAD临界值取0.12时,其灵敏度和特异性为61.3%和62.7%.结论 当tPSA在诊断灰区时,PSAD和fPSA/tPSA可以提高前列腺癌的诊断特异性和敏感性,fPSA/tPSA较PSAD有更高的诊断价值.     

良性前列腺增生病人血清不同类别PSA的检测与分析

目的 :分析前列腺增生 (BPH)病人血清中不同前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)的稳定性 ,探讨其在前列腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。　方法 :将病理诊断证实的 1 0 5例BPH病人按总PSA(tPSA)水平分为 3组 :A组 (tPSA <4μg/L)67例 ,B组 (tPSA值 4～ 1 0 μg/L) 2 6例 ,C组 (tPSA >1 0 μg/L) 1 2例。按年龄分为 3组 :a组 (≤ 55岁 ) 1 8例 ,b组 (56～ 69岁 ) 33例 ,c组 (≥ 70岁 ) 54例。采用Bayer磁微粒化学发光免疫方法 ,测定各组BPH病人血清中的复合PSA(cPSA)、tPSA、游离PSA(fPSA) ,并计算cPSA/tPSA、fPSA/tPSA、fPSA/cPSA比值 ,比较它们在不同年龄和tPSA水平组间的稳定性。　结果 :无论在不同的tPSA水平组 ,还是在不同的年龄组 ,cPSA/tPSA比值和fPSA/tPSA、fP SA/cPSA比值比其它各种PSA更稳定。　结论 :cPSA/tPSA比值和fPSA/tPSA、fPSA/cPSA比值在前列腺疾病的诊断中可能更具有应用价值     

有症状性和无症状性前列腺炎对血清tPSA及fPSA影响的比较

目的:探讨有症状性和无症状性前列腺炎患者的血清总前列腺特异抗原(tPSA)、游离型PSA(fP SA)以及fPSA/tPSA间是否存在差异。方法:对比分析53例有临床症状、41例无临床症状的前列腺炎患者及22例非前列腺炎患者的血清tPSA、fPSA浓度以及fPSA/tPSA比值间的差异,并对比39例有症状性前列腺炎患者治疗前后tPSA、fPSA以及fPSA/tPSA比值的变化。结果:有症状性及无症状性前列腺炎患者间tPSA、fPSA以及fPSA/tPSA的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但与对照组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。有症状患者治疗后tPSA、fPSA均比治疗前明显下降(P<0.01)。结论:有症状性和无症状性前列腺炎均可导致血清tPSA、fPSA升高,在以其作为前列腺癌诊断和筛选的指标时,应该考虑前列腺炎所造成的干扰;血清tPSA、fPSA可以作为前列腺炎诊断和疗效判断的一项辅助指标。     

综合评价新参数(F/T)/PSAD对PSA灰区前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的 应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)及广义对数线性模型探讨(F/T)/PSAD对血清总PSA(tPSA)4.0～10.0 μg/L的前列腺癌患者的诊断价值. 方法 回顾性分析2000年3月至2008年10月513例PSA4.0～10.0 μg/L、接受经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检患者的临床资料,其中前列腺癌162例、良性病变351例.记录血清tPSA、游离PSA (fPSA)和前列腺体积,分别计算PSA密度(PSAD)、fPSA百分比(F/T)和(F/T)/PSAD,构建PSAD、F/T和(F/T)/PSAD的ROC曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),应用广义对数线性模型比较相同高敏感性时(F/T)/PSAD与PSAD和F/T的特异性差异. 结果 前列腺癌组的PSAD为(0.34±0.21)μg/L2,高于良性病变组的(0.16±0.12)μg/L2(Z=一11.59,P＜0.01)；F/T为0.10±0.08,低于良性病变组的0.22±0.17(Z=-8.91,P＜0.01); (F/T)/PSAD为(0.44±0.59) L2/μg,低于良性病变组的(2.03±2.26) L2/μg(Z=-11.93,P＜0.01).ROC曲线分析结果显示(F/T)/PSAD的AUC为0.827,显著高于F/T的0.744(Z=2.86,P＜0.01),与PSAD的0.819相近(Z=0.29,P=0.39)；保持相同的高敏感性(90.1％),广义对数线性模型分析显示(F/T)/PSAD的特异性为65.0％,高于PSAD的51.3％和F/T的49.9％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01). 结论 (F/T)/PSAD能够在不增加额外医疗费用的前提下进一步提高PSA 4.0～10.0 μg/L的前列腺癌患者的诊断准确性,并且在高敏感性时具有比PSAD和F/T更高的特异性,(F/T)/PSAD水平越低,患者发生前列腺癌的可能性越大.     

PCa诊断中f/tPSA比值在灰区外的应用价值研究

目的:探讨在总前列腺特异性抗原(tPSA)≥10μg/L的情况下,游离PSA(fPSA)/tPSA对前列腺癌(PCa)与前列腺增生(BPH)的鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2011年12月1日~2014年12月1日期间就诊于我院行前列腺穿刺活检术及前列腺相关手术,术前血清tPSA≥10μg/L且依前列腺病理检查报告明确诊断为PCa和BPH患者共计361例,应用逻辑回归分析f/tPSA在PCa与BPH鉴别诊断中的价值,利用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)对比分析f/tPSA在PCa与BPH鉴别诊断中的特异性和敏感性。结果:在所纳入的361例患者中,PCa患者155例(42.9%),BPH患者206例(57.1%)。在tPSA处于10~100μg/L时,PCa和BPH患者中的f/tPSA中位数分别为0.09和0.15(P0.001);在tPSA处于10~40μg/L时,PCa和BPH患者中的f/tPSA中位数分别为0.10和0.16(P0.001)。应用逻辑回归分析,当tPSA处于10~100μg/L时,联合应用f/tPSA分别使tPSA或fPSA单独诊断PCa时的准确性提高3.4%(P0.019)及24.6%(P0.001),当tPSA处于10~40μg/L时,分别提高了5.0%(P0.019)及17.1%(P0.001)。应用ROC曲线分析,在tPSA处于10~40μg/L的患者中,当f/tPSA、tPSA、fPSA诊断PCa的敏感性均达到80.2%且f/tPSA的临界值设定为0.145时,f/tPSA相较tPSA、fPSA诊断PCa的特异性分别提高7.2%、29.0%。结论:在血清tPSA处于10~100μg/L的患者中,f/tPSA对于PCa与BPH的鉴别诊断仍具有重要意义,尤其是在血清tPSA处于10~40μg/L的患者中,可明显提高诊断PCa的准确性,进一步减少不必要的穿刺活检。     

慢性前列腺炎/慢性骨盆疼痛综合征患者前列腺液中IFN-γ、TGF-β_1的检测

目的:探讨干扰素γ(IFN-γ)和转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)在慢性前列腺炎/慢性骨盆疼痛综合征(CP/CPPS)患者前列腺液中的临床意义。方法:采用双抗体夹心法对20例炎症性慢性骨盆疼痛综合征(ⅢA)、20例非炎症性慢性骨盆疼痛综合征(ⅢB)、10例健康对照者前列腺按摩液(EPS)中IFN-γ、TGF-β1含量进行测定。并与患者的美国国立卫生研究院慢性前列腺炎症状指数(NIH-CPSI)进行相关性研究。结果:IFN-γ、TGF-β1在ⅢA[(14.92±7.85)、(8 477.50±4 612.45)ng/L]和ⅢB[(13.74±5.96)、(7 946.50±5 044.06)ng/L]患者EPS中水平均明显高于健康对照组[(7.47±1.49)、(2 462.50±985.31)ng/L](P<0.05和P<0.001)。但在ⅢA和ⅢB之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。EPS中IFN-γ、TGF-β1的水平与慢性前列腺炎症状指数无相关性(r=0.02,P=0.86;r=0.31,P=0.76)。结论:前列腺液中细胞因子IFNγ-、TGF-β1在CP/CPPS的病理学改变中可能起重要作用,可作为CP/CPPS的诊断依据之一。     

上海闵行区PSA异常的老年男性前列腺疾病跟踪调查与分析

目的 :了解老年男性前列腺疾病的发病情况及前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)、游离PSA(fPSA)、fPSA与血清总PSA(tPSA)的比值 (f/t)跟年龄、前列腺体积 (PV)之间的关系。方法 :对 142 5名老年男性进行前列腺指检 (DRE)和PSA测定 ,然后对其中tPSA >4μg/L者进行了随访复查 ,检查项目包括DRE、tPSA、fPSA和经直肠前列腺B超 ,并建议行前列腺穿刺活检。结果 :142 5例调查者中 ,tPSA >4μg/L者 16 9例 (11.9%) ,其中 84例得到随访 ,发现tPSA、f/t与年龄无相关性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而PV与年龄呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。 17例接受了前列腺穿刺活检 ,1例接受手术治疗 ,其中 9例被病理检查证实为前列腺增生 (BPH) ,9例被证实为前列腺癌 (PCa)。BPH组与PCa组tPSA差异有显著性意义 ,而两组PV差异无显著性意义。结论 :PSA是诊断前列腺癌的重要瘤标 ,前列腺“6点法”穿刺活检是诊断前列腺癌有效而必要的方法。     

经会阴B型超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的临床价值研究

目的:探讨经会阴扇型B型超声引导下前列腺6针穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。方法:对经直肠指检或经腹部B超检查发现前列腺结节、血清总前列腺特异性抗原(tPSA)在4μg/L以上或游离PSA(fPSA)/tP-SA<0.16的可疑前列腺癌104例患者,经会阴扇型B超引导下18G自动穿刺活检针行双侧叶6点法穿刺,对穿刺的阳性率和并发症及影响穿刺阳性率的因素进行分析。结果:经病理诊断,检出前列腺癌24例,检出率23%,前列腺癌分级评分中位数为7分,高分化癌(2~4分)、中分化癌(5~7分)和低分化癌(8~10分)分别为12.5%(3/24)、62.5%(15/24)和25%(6/24);其余80例为良性前列腺增生(BPH)。术后短暂和轻度的肉眼血尿5例(4.8%),均在1~3 d后缓解,4例(3.8%)发热37.2℃~38.0℃,术后会阴部轻度不适5例(4.8%)。术后无1例出现血便、血精、前列腺脓肿、高热、败血症、急性尿潴留等严重并发症。经分析发现tPSA、fPSA、fPSA/tPSA、前列腺抗原密度(PS-AD)和前列腺体积是影响前列腺穿刺阳性率的重要因素(P<0.05),经会阴穿刺优势主要反映在tPSA≥10μg/L、fP-SA≥2μg/L、fPSA/tPSA<0.16、PSAD≥0.2和前列腺体积<40 m l时提示应行会阴穿刺术。结论:经会阴扇型B型超声引导下6针前列腺穿刺活检,是一种安全准确的前列腺癌检出方法。     

Effect of NIH-IV prostatitis on free and free-to-total PSA

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of asymptomatic prostatic inflammation (NIH category IV prostatitis) on total PSA (tPSA), free serum PSA (fPSA) and the ratio of free-to-total prostate specific antigen (%fPSA). The role of free and %fPSA as a diagnostic tool for distinguishing between cancer and non-malignant diseases of the prostate was also investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a retrospective study 1090 prostate biopsies performed between January 2000 and September 2003 were evaluated and the levels of serum total and free PSA as well as the f/tPSA ratio were determined in samples obtained immediately before biopsy. 404 patients with full clinical and histological records were included in the study. All patients underwent 6 or 8 core primary prostate needle biopsies. RESULTS: A total of 404 patients were included in the analysis. 100 prostate cancer (PCa) (24.8%), 137 NIH-IV prostatitis (33.9%) and 143 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasias (BPH) (35.4%) were identified. 24 (5.9%) patients presented with both PCa and prostatitis on histology and were excluded from further analysis. The mean (median) levels of tPSA, fPSA and %fPSA were 11.94 ng/ml (8.0), 1.31 ng/ml (1.07) and 0.15 (0.14) for NIH-IV prostatitis; 11.94 ng/ml (8.35), 1.54 ng/ml and 0.13 (0.11) for prostate cancer; and 8.19 ng/ml (7.0), 1.48 ng/ml (1.03) and 0.18 (0.15) for BPH. No significant difference was found in tPSA levels between PCa and prostatitis (p = 0.32), while the difference in tPSA levels between PCa and BPH was significant (p = 0.007). Free PSA alone had no diagnostic power in distinguishing PCa from prostatitis (p = 0. 37) and BPH (p = 0. 61). By contrast, the f/tPSA ratio showed significant between-group differences (PCa versus prostatitis (p = 0. 011), PCa versus BPH (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic asymptomatic prostatitis NIH category IV has similar effects on total PSA and free PSA levels in serum as PCa. fPSA alone cannot distinguish prostate cancer from non-malignant inflammatory disease of the prostate. The ratio of free-to-total PSA is significantly different in PCa and NIH category IV prostatitis.     

Human glandular kallikrein 2 levels in serum for discrimination of pathologically organ-confined from locally-advanced prostate cancer in total PSA-levels below 10 ng/ml

BACKGROUND: We measured serum levels of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) in patients treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy (rrP) for clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) with a total PSA (tPSA)-level below 10 ng/ml to investigate whether hK2 can be applied to preoperatively distinguish organ-confined (pT2a/b) from nonorgan-confined (> or = pT3a)-PCa more accurately than total PSA. Further, we evaluated hK2, free- and tPSA-concentrations in all pathologic stages of PCa. METHODS: 161 serum samples from men scheduled for rrP were collected 1 day before surgery prior to any prostatic manipulation. Pathologic work-up revealed > or = pT3a-PCa in 48 and pT2a/b-PCa in 113 patients. HK2-levels in serum were measured using an immunofluorometric assay with an analytical sensitivity of 0.5 pg/ml, a functional sensitivity of 5 pg/ml and insignificant cross-reactivity with PSA (< 0.005%). Total (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) levels were measured using a commercially available assay from which we calculated %fPSA and an algorithm that combined hK2 and PSA-levels [hK2] x [tPSA/fPSA]. Means, medians, and ranges were calculated for pT2a/b vs. >/= pT3a-PCa and for all pathologic stages. Statistical significance of differences was calculated using Mann-Whitney-U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Calculation of receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC) curves were performed for hK2, [hK2] x [tPSA/fPSA] and tPSA to compare diagnostic performance. RESULTS: A mean tPSA level in serum of 6.12 ng/ml in > or = pT3a-PCa was not significantly different (P = 0.366) from 5.78 ng/ml in pT2a/b-PCa. Also, there were no statistically significantly different levels of fPSA (P = 0.947) or %fPSA (0.292) for these two groups. By contrast, mean hK2-level in pT2a/b-PCa of 80 pg/ml was significantly different (P = 0.004) from a mean hK2 level of 120 pg/ml in > or = pT3a-PCa as shown by Mann-Whitney-analysis Moreover, the algorithm of [hK2] x [tPSA/fPSA] was significantly lower (P = 0.0004) in pT2a/b-PCa vs. > or = pT3a-PCa. Calculation of areas under curve (AUC) by receiver-operator-characteristics (ROC) demonstrated that the AUC for hK2 (0.64) was larger and the AUC for [hK2] x [tPSA/fPSA] (=0.68) significantly larger (P = 0.007) compared to the AUC of tPSA (0.55). Furthermore, Kruskal-Wallis Test revealed a highly significant correlation to pathologic stage using hK2 (P = 0.008) and [hK2] x [tPSA/fPSA] (P = 0.0015) compared to no significant differences in serum concentration of tPSA (P = 0.296). Also at tPSA-levels from 10-20 ng/ml, the hK2-levels in pT2a/b-PCa were close to significantly different (P = 0.051) from those in men with >/= pT3a-PCa, while the algorithm of [hK2] x [tPSA/fPSA] in that tPSA-range was significantly lower (P = 0.002) in pT2a/b-PCa compared to > or = pT3a0-PCa. CONCLUSIONS: Highly significant differences in serum concentration enable hK2 to be a powerful predictor of organ-confined disease and pathologic stage of clinically localized prostate cancer, especially in the PSA-range below 10 ng/ml. As such, there are important clinical consequences for the application of hK2 for the adequate treatment of prostate cancer patients, i.e., the option of nerve-sparing surgery. (c) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) isoform p2PSA significantly improves the prediction of prostate cancer at initial extended prostate biopsies in patients with total PSA between 2.0 and 10 ng/ml: results of a prospective study in a clinical setting

Background

Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), ratio of free PSA (fPSA) to tPSA (%fPSA), and PSA density (PSAD) testing have a very low accuracy in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa). There is an urgent need for more accurate biomarkers.

Objective

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of PSA isoform p2PSA and its derivatives in determining the presence of PCa at initial biopsy with the accuracy of other predictors in patients with tPSA 2.0-10 ng/ml.

Design, setting, and participants

We conducted an observational prospective study in a real clinical setting of consecutive men with tPSA 2.0-10 ng/ml and negative digital rectal examination who were scheduled for prostate biopsy at a tertiary academic center.

Intervention

Outpatient transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies were performed according to a standardized institutional saturation scheme (18-22 cores).

Measurements

We determined the diagnostic accuracy of serum tPSA, %fPSA, PSAD, p2PSA, %p2PSA [(p2PSA/fPSA) × 100] and the Beckman Coulter Prostate Health Index (phi; [p2PSA/fPSA × √tPSA]).

Results and limitations

Overall, 107 of 268 patients (39.9%) were diagnosed with PCa at extended prostate biopsies. Statistically significant differences between patients with and without PCa were observed for age, prostate and transition zone volume, PSAD, %p2PSA, and phi (all p values < 0.05). In univariate accuracy analysis, phi and %p2PSA were the most accurate predictors of PCa (area under the curve: 75.6% and 75.7%, respectively), followed by transition zone volume (66%), prostate volume (65%), patient age (63%), PSAD (61%), %fPSA (58%), and tPSA (53%). In multivariate accuracy analyses, both phi (+11%) and %p2PSA (+10%) significantly improved the accuracy of established predictors in determining the presence of PCa at biopsy (p < 0.001). Although %p2PSA and phi were significantly associated with Gleason score (Spearman ρ: 0.303 and 0.387, respectively; p ≤ 0.002), they did not improve the prediction of Gleason score ≥7 PCa in multivariable accuracy analyses (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

In patients with a tPSA between 2.0 and 10 ng/ml, %p2PSA and phi are the strongest predictors of PCa at initial extended biopsies and are significantly more accurate than the currently used tests (tPSA, %fPSA, and PSAD) in determining the presence of PCa at biopsy.     

血清前列腺特异性抗原预测中国男性前列腺增生患者前列腺体积的准确性研究

目的通过比较血清总前列腺特异性抗原（tPSA）、游离前列腺特异性抗原（fPSA）与年龄预测前列腺体积（PV）大小的准确性,寻找预测PV简便易行、较准确的预测因子。 方法收集2005年1月至2014年12月因下尿路症状到我院诊治下尿路症状/良性前列腺梗阻（LUTS/BPO）患者的年龄、PV及PSA检测值;采用SPSS 13.0软件处理数据,用皮尔森线性相关关系描述年龄、血清tPSA及血清fPSA与PV的相关性,并采用卡方检验及受试者特征曲线（ROC）分析比较血清tPSA、血清fPSA预测PV的准确性。 结果入选6 308例男性,皮尔森线性相关分析显示年龄-PV、tPSA-PV和fPSA-PV的相关系数分别是0.197、0.434、和0.446,其P值均<0.05,具有相关性;在tPSA为0~4 μg/L时,tPSA和fPSA预测PV在（30~50）ml、（50~70）ml和PV>70 ml组的AUC-ROC分别为（0.617、0.732、0.761）和（0.625、0.738、0.767）;在tPSA为0~4 μg/L时,tPSA和fPSA预测PV在（30~50）ml、（50~70）ml和PV>70 ml组的最佳临界值分别为tPSA（1.3 μg/L、1.6 μg/L、2.0 μg/L）和fPSA（0.3 μg/L、0.4 μg/L、0.5 μg/L）。 结论中国LUTS/BPO男性血清fPSA与PV正相关程度最高,血清tPSA与fPSA均可作为独立预测因子预测中国LUTS/BPO男性的PV,可作为临床上预测PV简便易行的指标,其中fPSA预测的准确性更高。     

前列腺炎患者治疗前后PSA变化及其临床意义

目的：探讨伴有PSA升高的ⅢA型前列腺炎患者药物治疗后血清PSA的变化,评估PSA变化率对疗效的预测价值。方法：收集2010年9月-2012年3月期间门诊就诊的有4μg／L〈PSA〈50／μg／L,拟诊断为ⅢA型前列腺炎患者60例,所有患者均予以抗感染治疗4周,分别于治疗前后行血清PSA检测和填写慢性前列腺症状评分表（NIH—CPSI）,并对相关资料予以总结分析研究。结果：穿刺活检患者共60例,其中12例证实为PCa,43例为慢性前列腺炎,5例为BPH。前列腺炎患者治疗前后PSA相关指标（PSA,游离／总PSA,PSA密度）和CPSI评分均出现显著变化,各指标差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;PSA变化率（PSA—VCh）对鉴别诊断PCa有一定价值,在最佳临界点-5．22％处,敏感度和特异度分别为84．7％和78．6％;治疗后前列腺炎症分级与PSAD及CPSI间存在相关性（r=0．518,r=0．379,P均〈0．05）,PSA—VCh与△CPSI及患者治疗前PSA均呈中等相关（r=0．481,r=0．410,P均〈0．01）。结论：抗感染治疗后,可使伴有PSA升高的ⅢA型前列腺炎患者主客观指标均得以改善;PSA变化率可作为评估慢性前列腺炎治疗效果的有价值指标,并为排除PCa提供依据。     

单纯前列腺上皮内瘤回顾性分析(附142例病例分析)

目的通过对前列腺上皮内瘤(PIN)临床资料分析,探讨PIN的生物特性及应对策略。方法对31例无前列腺癌PIN(NPCaPIN)改变患者(其中1级23例,2、3级8例)的临床资料(包括患者血清PSA、fPSA/tPSA、PSA密度等区域计数资料以及穿刺标本免疫组织化学染色结果)进行回顾性分析,以同期确诊为前列腺癌(PCa)、良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者资料作为对照,分析低级别PIN(LGPIN)和高级别PIN(HGPIN)改变之间及NPCaPIN临床特征与PCa、BPH患者临床特征的差异。结果LGPIN和HGPIN改变的患者之间血清PSA水平和年龄存在差异(P<0.05);LGPIN和PCa患者之间血清PSA水平、前列腺体积、fPSA存在显著差异(P<0.01),PSA密度、fPSA/tPSA比值存在差异(P<0.05),和BPH患者之间各项均无明显差异;HGPIN改变和PCa患者之间前列腺体积、fPSA水平和年龄存在差异(P<0.05),和BPH患者之间血清PSA水平差异显著(P<0.01),fPSA/tPSA比值和年龄(P<0.05)存在差异;NPCaPIN和PCa患者之间血清前列腺体积、fPSA水平和年龄、血清PSA水平、PSA密度存在显著差异(P<0.01),和BPH患者之间fPSA/tPSA比值(P<0.05)存在差异。P63、AE1、AE3、P504S、PSA免疫组织化学结果NPCaPIN组类似于BPH而完全异于PCa。结论LGPIN的临床和病理特征与BPH相似,而HGPIN的临床和病理方面具有一定的前列腺恶性肿瘤特征,需要积极的临床追踪观察。     

良性前列腺增生合并前列腺炎患者的临床特点分析

目的 探讨合并前列腺炎的良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者的临床特点. 方法 BPH患者100例.按是否合并前列腺炎分为单纯组(34例)和合并组(66例).比较2组患者年龄、前列腺体积、PSA与前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)的差异,同时分析B超检查对BPH合并前列腺炎的检出情况. 结果单纯组患者年龄为(66.5±6.4)、合并组为(69.9±7.2)岁;单纯组平均前列腺体积为(47.5±26.7)、合并组为(71.4±39.3)ml.单纯组患者PSA和PS-AD中位数分别为3.40和0.08 ng/ml,合并组分别为8.07和0.12 ng/ml;平均IPSS分别为19.9和22.2.2组患者平均年龄、前列腺体积、PSA与PSAD值及IPSS评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).合并前列腺炎患者前列腺体积与炎症浸润程度及腺体破坏程度具有相关性(r分别为0.29,0.25,P<0.01).PSA与前列腺炎浸润分级和破坏分级均具有相关性(r分别为0.319和0.214,P值均<0.05).PSAD与浸润分级具有相关性(r=0.212,P<0.05).B超诊断BPH合并前列腺炎的敏感性为21.2%,特异性82.4%. 结论 BPH患者多伴前列腺炎,且以慢性炎性细胞浸润为主;合并前列腺炎的患者临床检测指标明显高于单纯BPH患者.B超对BPH合并前列腺炎的检出能力不令人满意.     

Early detection of prostate cancer in African-American men through use of multiple biomarkers: human kallikrein 2 (hK2), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and free PSA (fPSA)

Recent studies have reported enhanced prostate cancer detection in Caucasians with serum human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) in combination with total- (tPSA) and free-prostate-specific antigen (fPSA). The purpose of this study is to validate these findings in an African-American patient cohort. A total of 137 African-American men were found by routine screening to have tPSA levels above 2.5 ng/ml or an abnormal digital rectal examination. Sera were drawn prior to biopsy of the prostate and Hybritech PSA, FPSA and hK2 (for research use only, not for use in diagnostic procedures) concentrations were determined on Beckman Coulter's Access immunoanalyzer. These independent variables and the ratios of percent fPSA (%fPSA), hK2/tPSA, hK2/fPSA, and hK2*tPSA/fPSA were compared between cancer and non-cancer groups. In all, 49 of 137 men had prostate cancer. hK2 and its calculated ratios outperformed tPSA on receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, but %fPSA had statistically the highest area under the curve (AUC) at 0.801. When restricting the analysis to only the tPSA range of 4.0-10 ng/ml, hK2/fPSA yielded the highest AUC (0.721). The ratio of hK2/fPSA was also found to increase the positive predictive value (PPV) of the %fPSA ranges less than 10 and 10-25%. %fPSA offered the best performance and highest specificity in prostate cancer detection in African-American males over the entire range of tPSA. hK2/fPSA may offer modest improvement in the tPSA range of 4.0-10 ng/ml. Furthermore, hK2/fPSA can enhance the PPV of low %fPSA values. Therefore, the use of multiple biomarkers may ultimately increase the specificity of prostate cancer screening in African-American men.     

The prognostic value of different forms of prostate specific antigen and their ratios in patients with prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic value for patient survival of different forms of PSA and ratios thereof, before treatment for prostate cancer, by considering the forms and ratios both as independent markers and by comparing them with other commonly used prognostic markers, e.g. tumour grade, local stage (T-stage) and absence or presence of skeletal metastases (M-stage). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected consecutively from men diagnosed with prostate cancer at our department in 1988. From this group, 66 men were followed until death, or for >/=9 years. Twenty-five patients died from their prostate cancer and 21 from other causes during the follow-up period. Forty-eight patients received hormonal treatment, whereas 18 remained untreated or received no treatment for their cancer before they died from other causes. Assays measuring the serum levels of free prostate specific antigen (fPSA), PSA complexed to alpha1-antichymotrypsin (PSA-ACT), and total PSA (tPSA) were used to calculate the percentage of free to total PSA (f/tPSA) fPSA/ACT and ACT/tPSA at diagnosis. Based on the initial levels or ratios of the PSA forms, the patients were divided into three numerically comparable groups (tertiles) for survival analysis. Prognostic factors predicting patient survival were evaluated using univariate (Kaplan-Meier life-tables with the log-rank test) and multivariate techniques (Cox proportional hazards regression model). RESULTS: Univariate analysis using the log-rank test showed that the serum level of each molecular form of PSA, i.e. tPSA (P=0.001), PSA-ACT (P<0.001) and fPSA (P<0.001), as well as grade (P<0.001), T-stage (P=0.00355) and M-stage (P<0.001), provided statistically significant prognostic information. Log-rank tests showed that none of the ratios, i.e. f/tPSA, fPSA/ACT and ACT/tPSA, were informative of prognosis (P>0.05). However, in a multivariate analysis regression model, not only M-stage (risk ratio 4.2; P=0. 026) and grade (risk ratio 2.6; P=0.022), but also f/tPSA (risk ratio 1.8; P=0.037), provided significant prognostic information. CONCLUSION: The values of tPSA, fPSA and PSA-ACT, as well as grade and T- and M-stage, are all independent prognostic factors of prostate cancer survival. In a multivariate analysis, not only M-stage and grade but also f/tPSA provided significant prognostic information.