133例供精人工授精成功因素的分析

目的该文通过分析不孕妇女的年龄、授精次数和每次授精次数、促排方案对AID妊娠率的影响，以探讨AID的成功因素。方法对133对夫妇施行AID，分别予1～6个周期，每周期1～5次不等，共238个周期，平均治疗1．78个周期，56例成功，平均周期妊娠率23、53％，总妊娠率42．10％；促排方案为自然周期、克罗米芬（CC）、克罗米芬加促尿激素（CC＋HMG）、促尿激素（HMG）4种方法。结论AID成功率与年龄呈负相关；每周期授精2次的成功率高于授精1次的成功率，每周期授精次数3次以上不能提高妊娠率，授精周期增加，累积妊娠率增高，AID夫妇治疗3～5个周期不要轻易放弃治疗；促排方案对AID妊娠率的影响无统计学意义。     

61例多囊卵巢综合征妇女行供精人工授精结局分析

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS）妇女采用不同治疗方案后行供精人工授精（artificial insemination by donor,AID）助孕的临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析广东省计划生育专科医院61例妇女自然周期或是不同方案促排卵后行AID助孕122个周期,比较不同方案的临床妊娠率的差异。结果周期妊娠率20．83％,累积妊娠率40．98％,不同方案比较,妊娠率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。以克罗米芬（clomifene citrate,CC）／人绝经期促性腺激素（human menopausal gonadotropin,HMG）/人绒毛膜促性腺激素（human chorionic gonadotrophin,HCG）促排卵的妊娠率最高,卵泡刺激素（follicle stimulating hormone,FSH）／HCG组妊娠率与他莫昔芬（tamoxifen,TMX）／HMG／HCG组及CC／HMG／HCG组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论PCOS妇女调整周期自然排卵可以获得较高的妊娠率,CC／TMX与促性腺激素（gonadotropin,Gn）结合可以增加排卵率和临床妊娠率,减少Gn的应用时间,减少卵巢过度刺激综合征（Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,OHSS）的发生。     

三种不同超促排卵方案对宫腔内人工授精结局的影响

目的：探讨宫腔内人工授精（IUI）超促排卵的最佳方案。方法：对56例宫腔内人工授精使用不同超促排方案的结局进行比较。结果：克罗米芬（CC）周期7例，无妊娠，妊娠率0％。CC加入绝经促性腺激素（HMG）周期16例妊娠人数3人，妊娠率18．75％。HMG周期33例，妊娠人数11人，妊娠率33．33％。结论：HMG超促排卵方案在宫腔内人工授精中有较高的临床妊娠率。     

促排卵联合Hepes培养液洗涤精液宫腔内人工授精的临床应用

对91对不孕夫妇（105个周期）采用CC／HMG促排卵联合Hepes培养液洗涤精液进行官腔内人工授精。探讨促排卵联合Hepes培养液洗涤精液进行宫腔内人工授精的临床妊娠率。结果：105个周期的临床妊娠率为19.05％，精液洗涤后精子授精能力显著高于洗涤前，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。提示：CC／HMG促排卵联合Hepes培养液洗涤精子进行宫腔内人工授精是一种简便有效的助孕技术，值得临床推广。     

促排卵药物治疗不孕不育症效果观察

目的观察促排卵药物治疗不孕不育症的效果。方法回顾性分析363对不孕夫妇进行的723个宫腔内人工授精（IUI）周期,根据是否使用促排卵药物及应用促排卵药物的种类分为自然周期组（143对）、枸橼酸氯米芬（CC）组（40对）、尿促性腺激素（HMG）组（126对）及CC＋HMG组（54对）促排周期组;各组患者均在排卵前1d、排卵后1d进行一次IUI治疗,比较各组的临床妊娠率、宫外孕率、多胎率及OHSS率。结果促排卵周期总妊娠率为14.5%,略高于自然周期组妊娠率（11.5%）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。但是促排卵周期中CC＋HMG组的妊娠率22.7%（20/88）,明显高于自然周期,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;CC组的妊娠率为3.0%（2/66）（P〈0.05）明显低于自然周期,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;HMG组妊娠率为14.6%（40/274）与自然周期比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;4组宫外孕率、多胎率及卵巢过度刺激综合症的发生率均无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论 IUI治疗中,CC＋HMG促排周期妊娠率高于自然周期,是较为理想的治疗方案。     

三种方法优化处理精液行宫腔内授精临床比较

目的：探讨洗涤法、上游法、密度梯度离心法三种方法优化处理精液后的临床效果，以期针对不同的不孕原因和精液质量选择合适的优化精子方法，达到较好的妊娠率。方法：采用自然周期或促排卵周期，用阴道B超监测卵泡发育，结合尿LH峰于卵泡成熟时或排卵24h内将上述方法优化处理的精子悬液经宫颈用TOM’S人工授精管缓慢注入宫腔。黄体期1、4、7天分别肌注HCG2000u支持黄体。结果：洗涤法宫腔内授精40周期，妊娠6名，周期妊娠率15％；上游法宫腔内授精60周期，妊娠14名，周期妊娠率23．3％；密度梯度离心法60周期，妊娠16名，周期妊娠率26．7%。结论：上游法和密度梯度离心法妊娠率明显高于洗涤法。     

克罗米酚与人绝经期促性腺激素在宫腔内人工授精治疗不孕症中的应用

目的比较不同的促排卵方法联合官腔内人工授精（IUI）治疗不孕症的疗效。方法224对夫妇为观察对象行IUI治疗，共826个周期，分为4组：自然周期（NC）对照组共163个周期，克罗米酚（CC）组375个周期，克罗米酚联合人绝经期促性腺激素（CC-HMG）组152个周期，HMG组136个周期。结果自然周期对照组的周期妊娠率为11．4％；CC组、CC-HMG组、HMG组的周期妊娠率依次为12．8％、22．4％、23．5％，CC-HMG组的HMG用量显著小于HMG组（P〈0．001）。结论CC-HMG和HMG促排卵联合IUI均能提高IUI治疗不孕症的妊娠率，CC-HMG促排卵药费支出少，更具有优势。     

自然周期和促排卵周期宫腔内人工授精效果的比较研究

目的比较自然周期和促排周期对不孕夫妇宫腔内人工授精（IUI）结局的影响。方法根据是否使用促排卵药物,将281个IUI周期分为自然周期组（A组）和促排周期组（B组）;促排周期组又根据不同用药分为克罗米芬组（CC组）、尿促性腺激素组（HMG组）,比较各组的临床妊娠率。结果自然周期组妊娠率极显著低于促排周期组（7.9%vs19.0%,P〈0.01）;促排卵组中CC组、HMG组的妊娠率分别为11.1%和23.6%,组间比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论促排卵周期IUI妊娠率明显提高;HMG联合IUI能提高IUI治疗不孕症的临床妊娠率。     

3种精子优化处理方法处理精液效果评价

目的：为了解上游法、Percoll梯度离心法、Isolate密度梯度离心法等精子优化处理方法处理精液的效果。方法：选取120例女性原因引起继发不孕的夫妇,将男方的精液标本按处理方法不同随机分4组,即为上游组、Percoll组、Isolate组和对照组,应用指标精子密度、a＋b级活力、正常形态率和绿色荧光精子百分率,对精液处理后的效果进行比较。结果：上游组、Percoll组和Isolate组,富集的精子a＋b级活力、正常形态率、绿色荧光精子明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,Percoll组和Isolate组的精子密度与对照组无明显差异（P〉0.05）,但上游组的精子密度很明显低于对照组（P〈0.01） 上游组、Percoll组及Isolate组之间比较,富集的精子a＋b级活力、正常形态率没有明显差异（P〉0.05）,但精子回收Percoll密度梯度离心法和Isolate密度梯度离心法明显高于上游法（P〈0.01）,Isolate密度梯度离心法富集绿色荧光精子最多,上游法次之,Percoll密度梯度离心法最低。结论：Isolate密度梯度离心法处理精液效果较好。     

不同方案促排卵联合宫腔人工授精的临床观察及体会

目的探讨不同促排卵方案联合宫腔内人工授精的妊娠率和并发症发生的原因。方法对234例因女性因素不育夫妇行宫腔内人工授精(IUI)治疗的375个周期，随机分四组：自然周期(NC)组、克罗米芬(CC)组、CC组联合绝经期促性腺激素(HMG)组、HMG组。结果NC组及CC组妊娠率较HMG组及CC／HMG组低，但是并发症相对较少，反之，CC／HMG组及HMG组较NC组及CC组妊娠率高，但并发症略高于前两组，HMG组比CC／MHG组用药量大，两组妊娠率无差异。结论从药效看CC／HMG方案具有更大的优势。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.