护理记录书写存在问题的原因分析及对策

目的 分析护理记录书写存在的问题及原因,采取相应对策,提高书写合格率.方法 随机抽取2008年度出院病历1500份和2009年度出院病历1895份及平时随机抽查在架病历,统计护理记录书写中存在的问题,计算出合格率.结果 2008年护理病历书写合格率为89.33%,2009年为95.30%,p＜0.01(u:6.696),通过采取相应的对策,护理记录书写合格率明显提高.结论 加强培训,制定规范,反馈整改有利于提高护理记录书写合格率.     

浅析精神科归档病历护理记录缺陷及综合干预对策

目的：分析精神科归档病历护理记录书写缺陷原因并探讨综合于预对策。方法：对2008年786份出院归档病历的8152次护理记录存在的缺陷进行总结分析、分类登记及护理记录质量检查评分;针对护理记录缺陷采取相应干预对策,并对2009年805份出院归档病历的8561次护理记录存在的缺陷进行分类登记和护理记录质量检查评分。结果：2009年805份出院归档病历的8561次护理记录缺陷发生率为5．41％,护理记录检查质量评分均分为98．31±3．25;2008年786份出院归档病历的8152次护理记录缺陷发生率为18．72％,护理记录检查质量评分均分为93．53±3．16,与2009年比较均存在显著性差异（P〈0．001）。结论：完善护理记录书写质量监控机制,提高护士综合素质,能有效降低精神科护理记录书写缺陷发生率,提高精神科护理记录书写质量。     

护理文书书写中常见的问题及防范对策

新的《医疗事故处理条例》及《病历书写基本规范》已经从2002年9月1日开始实施。《病历书写基本规范》要求护士对病人住院期间的护理全过程必须客观、准确、真实、及时、完整地记录。《医疗事故处理条例》中所规定的所有的护理文件，都是病人或家属可随时复印或复制的客观资料。病历书写客观、准确、真实、及时、完整以及保存的完好性，是判断护理行为正确、及时、有效、安全的重要依据。《医疗事故处理条例》的颁布和实施，成为医院和病人自我保护的双刃剑，而合格的护理文书书写更是成为医疗纠纷处理的重要依据。2005年11月～2006年11月，我院共抽查住院病历1800份，合格1712份，文书书写合格率95．11％。下面针对记录时存在的一些问题分述如下，并制定了相应的防范对策，供大家参考。[第一段]     

200份护理记录内容回顾性调查

目的为落实《病历书写基本规范》(试行),提高护理记录书写水平。方法抽查2005年1月-6月出院病案200份,对护理记录进行回顾性调查。结果有121份护理记录不合格,占60．50%。主要问题：书写内容明显滞后；记录不能反映个性化病情；重点不突出；主诉、治疗记录多,实施护理活动记录少等。结论要严格按照规定、按照标准,制定相应的护理记录书写规范,指导临床护理记录工作。     

护理病历书写存在问题的分析及对策

目的 通过分析终末护理病历书写中存在的问题及对策,提高护理病历书写质量.方法 调取2012年2月至2013年2月消化及肾内科所有出院病历,按照2010版的《病历书写基本规范》,参照广东省卫生厅下发的临床护理文书规范,对护理病历进行检查.结果 共检查护理病历1087份,其中评分90分及以上869份,占79.94％;80-89分174份,占16.01％;70-79分44份,占4.05％.主要问题是护理记录不规范,有漏填和错填,与医师的记录不一致等.结论 护理病历存在一些问题,需要通过加强护理病历书写质量的检查和书写能力的培训以解决.     

儿科护理记录书写质量检查分析与对策

随机抽查2003年8月-2005年6月500份儿科病历，对护理记录进行质量检查分析，针对问题，采取有效的对策，强化护理记录书写的规范性，并进行效果跟踪，护理记录书写质量有较大提高，基本符合规范要求。     

1356份出院病历护理记录单缺项分析及对策

从2003年4月份起，为保证对患者护理过程和病情转归记录具有科学、简明、真实、客观性。我院护理部结合《病历书写规范》及《医疗事故护理条例》制定了护理记录书写细则及书写质量评价标准。并每月组织护士长对出院病历进行抽查，现将检查的1356份病历中护理记录单存在的问题进行分析，提出干预对策。     

内科危重护理记录书写存在问题及改进效果分析

目的规范危重护理记录书写内容、格式,使之动态反映病情变化,为医疗提供依据,提高书写质量,承担起法律上的举证责任。方法于06年选择病例46份,查找存在问题,针对首次护理记录,转科小结,转入记录,出院记录,抢救记录,病情过程记录,进行内容及书写顺序的规范,通过讲座、检查、病历展评等方式促进书写规范化,选择07、08年10月各50份病历进行对比研究。结果 07年度与06年度护理记录质量有显著性差异,08年度与07年度护理记录质量有显著性差异。结论通过明确规范、学习与检查,可有效地提高危重护理记录书写质量,随着时间增加,书写质量可进一步提高。     

一般患者护理记录存在的问题与对策

根据护理记录检查标准，对100份一般患护理记录进行检查，经归纳总结，发现在护理记录中存在问题的记录共149处，占书写病历的88．69％，对此，我们采取了相关的对策，以提高护理记录书写水平，使护理记录能客观、真实、准确地反映患病情变化及护理过程和护理结果，达到既能保护护士，又可以保护病人合法权益的目的。     

护理文书的常见缺陷原因分析及对策

目的 提高护理文书的书写质量,保证护理文书记录的及时性、客观性、真实性和规范性.方法 对我院2010年随机抽取的173份出院病历护理文书中检查的缺陷进行原因分析,针对问题的原因采取相应的对策.结果 护理文书书写中常见缺陷为:医护记录不一致;护理记录不准确、字迹潦草、有涂改刮痕;记录不及时、内容不全、漏记及缺项现象较普遍.结论 通过分析护理文书书写中产生问题的原因,有针对性地采取措施,使问题逐步得到解决,提高护理文书书写质量,减少因书写中出现失误而导致的护理纠纷.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.