体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞向血管平滑肌细胞分化的实验研究

目的应用血小板衍生生长因子BB（platelet-derived growthfactor BB,PDGF-BB）,体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞（human bone marrowmesenchymal stemcells,hBMSCs）向血管平滑肌细胞表型分化,探讨该方法的可行性及诱导细胞作为组织工程血管平滑肌种子细胞的可行性。方法抽取健康成人志愿者骨髓,经密度梯度离心分离得单个核细胞,PDGF-BB（20ng/ml）诱导hBMSCs向血管平滑肌样细胞（vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs）分化,观察细胞形态变化。免疫荧光检测细胞内血管平滑肌肌动蛋白α（vascular smooth muscleα-actin,SMα-actin）,血管平滑肌钙结合蛋白（vascular smoothmuscle calponin,SMcalponin）,血管平滑肌肌球蛋白重链（vascular smooth muscle myosin heavy chain,SMMHC）和细胞血管平滑肌钙结合相关蛋白（smooth muscle22α,SM22α）表达情况;反转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）检测诱导后血管平滑肌细胞SMα-actin,SMcalponin,SMMHC和SM22α的mRNA表达。Western印记检测SM22α的表达。流式细胞分析技术（fluorescence activated cell sorter,FACS）分析诱导后细胞内SMα-actin,SMcalponin,SMMHC的表达。结果PDGF-BB20ng/ml诱导后可见单层培养的细胞形态呈“成纤维细胞样”。免疫荧光检测示SMα-actin,SMcalponin,SMMHC,SM22α表达阳性;RT-PCR检测SMα-actin,SMcalponin,SMMHC,SM22α的mRNA阳性表达。Western印迹检测SM22α的表达为阳性。FACS分析表明诱导后,SMα-actin,SMcalponin,SMMHC表达均增高,与未诱导组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05,n=3）。结论人骨髓间充质干细胞在PDGF-BB的诱导下可向血管平滑肌细胞表型分化,有望成为血管组织工程血管平滑肌种子细胞的来源。     

体外诱导人脐带间充质干细胞向汗腺细胞分化及其信号通路研究

目的 观察人脐带间充质干细胞(UCMSC)向汗腺细胞(SGC)分化的能力以及细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)信号通路在分化过程中的作用。 方法 (1)体外分离培养UCMSC和SGC,通过检测CD14、CD29、CD34、CD44、CD45、CD105、细胞角蛋白7(CK7)、CK19、癌胚抗原(CEA)表达情况鉴定UCMSC,检测CK19、CEA表达情况鉴定SGC。(2)制作热损伤SGC模型,按随机数字表法将铺于Transwell培养板下层的UCMSC分为4组,均用汗腺培养液培养：对照组,培养液中不添加刺激因素;热损伤组,将热损伤SGC（每孔1×104个）接种于Transwell培养板小室与UCMSC间接共培养;热损伤+ EGF组,在热损伤组处理条件基础上,培养液中添加50 ng/mL EGF;热损伤+PD98059组,在热损伤组处理条件基础上,培养液中添加10 nmol/mL ERK信号通路特异性抑制剂PD98059。1周后,流式细胞仪检测各组UCMSC中CK7、CK19表达率,免疫组织化学法检测CK19、CEA表达情况并计算CEA表达率,蛋白质印迹法检测磷酸化ERK (pERK)表达水平。对数据行多组间单因素方差分析。 结果 (1) UCMSC高表达CD29、CD44、CD105,少量表达或不表达CD14、CD34、CD45、CK7、CK19、CEA;SGC中CEA和CK19均呈阳性表达,证实获得的2种细胞均为纯化细胞。(2)诱导培养1周后,热损伤组与热损伤+ EGF组UCMSC中CK7、CK19、CEA阳性表达率及pERK表达水平分别为(6.4±0.7)％、(5.7±0.3)％、(7.4±1.0)％、0.790±0.049与(14.3±1.0)％、(12.6±1.1)％、(17.6±2.3)％、1.200±0.032,均显著高于对照组的(2.2±1.5)％、（2.2±0.7）％、(3.3±0.7)％、0.640±0.026,F值分别为78.49、139.36、87.13、191.74,P值均小于0.01;热损伤+EGF组UCMSC 各指标水平显著高于热损伤组（F值为50.14～145.47,P值均小于0.01）;热损伤+PD98059组与对照组UCMSC各指标水平相近（F值为0.00～0.13,P值均大于0.05）。 结论 UCMSC在热损伤SGC的微环境中能够分化为SGC,ERK通路参与了UCMSC向汗腺细胞分化的过程。     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

目的 观察不同条件下骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC）体外诱导分化为肾小管上皮样细胞的差异。 方法 抽取SD大鼠的骨髓,经密度梯度离心分离,联合贴壁筛选法获取纯化的MSC。以流式细胞仪鉴定间充质干细胞表面标志。取扩增3代的MSC分组培养：（1）对照组：用含胎牛血清培养基;（2）全反式维甲酸（ATRA）组：胎牛血清+缺血再灌注肾脏匀浆上清+ATRA;（3）联合诱导组：胎牛血清+缺血再灌注肾脏匀浆上清+ATRA+表皮生长因子（EGF）+骨形成蛋白（BMP-7）。诱导7 d后,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态变化;化学染色检测细胞碱性磷酸酶表达;免疫细胞化学法检测细胞角蛋白18（cytokeratin-18）、E钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)的表达。 结果 流式细胞仪显示,体外分离培养的第3代MSC,CD44阳性细胞表达率为97.8%±0.9%;CD90阳性细胞表达率为96.8%±1.4%;CD29阳性细胞表达率为97.6%±2.4%;而CD11b/c阳性细胞表达率为13.2%±0.6%; CD34阳性细胞表达率为1.2%±0.5%。诱导7 d后,与对照组长梭形细胞相比,ATRA组部分细胞为圆形、短梭形单层排列;联合诱导组的大部分细胞为圆形、短梭形,细胞密集处呈鹅卵石样排列。碱性磷酸酶染色显示,对照组细胞为阴性;ATRA组部分细胞阳性;联合诱导组阳性细胞数明显增多。免疫细胞化学显示,ATRA组和联合诱导组细胞cytokeratin-18阳性表达率分别为29.47%±1.08%和47.52%±2.13%,显著高于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）;E-cadherin阳性表达率分别为14.88%±2.46%和36.15%±1.13%,也显著高于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 在体外模拟的急性肾衰竭微环境中加入ATRA可诱导MSC部分分化为肾小管上皮样细胞。联合EGF、BMP-7共同诱导能进一步促进MSC向肾小管上皮样细胞分化。     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

体外模拟心肌微环境诱导婴幼儿骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌细胞分化的实验研究

研究结果表明，骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）在心脏微环境中可以自发的分化为心肌细胞（CM）。我们在前人研究的基础上，对应用小鼠CM体外构建的心肌微环境使婴幼儿BMSCs向CM分化的可行性进行了探讨。     

氯化锂体外诱导人脐血间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化的实验研究

目的 探讨氯化锂体外诱导人脐血间充质干细胞(MSCs)向神经细胞分化的可行性.方法 无菌条件下收集正常足月儿的脐带血,肝素抗凝,密度梯度离心法分离人脐血单个核细胞,贴壁法纯化,用含15%FBS的低糖DMEM培养基进行扩增培养,流式细胞仪检测表面抗原.取3代的脐血MSCs进行诱导,A组:用含15%FBS和20 ng/ml bFGF的DMEM完全培养基预诱导24 h,3 mol/L LiCI的DMEM培养基继续诱导6 d:B组:含3 mol/L LiCI的DMEM培养基诱导7 d;C组:含15%FBS的DMEM培养基正常培养7 d.光镜下观察细胞形态,用免疫组化技术检测细胞NSE、MAP2及GFAP的表达.结果 A组与B组诱导3 d后细胞即出现形态学上的改变,细胞变成不规则形,立体感增强,从胞体伸出突起.免疫组织化学和免疫荧光方法鉴定显示,诱导后的细胞能表达神经元特异性标志NSE和MAP2,阳性表达率A组[分别为(73.6±7.8)%,(75.5±8.5)%]明显高于B组[分别为(31.0±4.3)%、(33.5±5.O)%],而星形胶质细胞特异性标志GFAP阳性细胞较少,A、B、C三组阳性表达率分别为(4.7 ±3.3)%、(5.1±4.6)%、(8.5±3.2)%.结论 LiCI联合生长因子bFGF体外可诱导人脐血MSCs分化为神经元样细胞.     

人羊膜间充质细胞向成骨细胞诱导分化的实验研究

目的 观察人羊膜间充质细胞(human amnion mesenchymal cells,hAMCs)体外诱导向成骨细胞分化,为骨组织工程提供种子细胞。方法 从剖宫产后废弃的人羊膜组织分离培养hAMCs,经成骨细胞诱导条件培养基诱导后,对细胞形态特征、碱性磷酸酶、骨桥素、骨钙素表达以及I型胶原分泌进行观察和检测。结果 原代培养的hAMCs形态呈长梭形或不规则形,呈均匀分布生长,传代后细胞体积略变大,约5～7d传代1次。经成骨细胞诱导培养15d后,hAMCs碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、骨桥素的表达呈阳性,并且检测有I型胶原分泌。结论 hAMCs易于体外分离培养及扩增,体外成骨细胞定向诱导的hAMCs具有典型的成骨细胞的形态和功能性特征,是良好的骨组织工程种子细胞。     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肝细胞分化的实验研究

目的：探讨HGF和EGF对骨髓间充质干细胞向肝细胞方向的诱导分化作用，探索出合适的诱导条件，为肝细胞移植、生物人工肝、组织工程构建等提供基础。方法：骨髓来自杂种犬的髂骨，采用全血贴壁法分离培养骨髓间充质干细胞，流式细胞仪检测细胞CD标记；用含HGF和EGF的α—MEM培养液进行诱导培养，并于诱导后7、14、21d留取细胞；用免疫组化检测AFP、CK18，免疫荧光检测ALB，PAS反应检测糖原；流式细胞仪检测细胞分化率。结果：分离的骨髓间充质干细胞表面CD13、CD34和CD45皆为阴性，CD29为阳性。诱导至7d出现AFP表达．14d表达增高，21d时表达下降。CK18、ALB和糖原14d时出现表达，并随时间延长表达逐渐增加：21d时ALB表达阳性率可达50％以上。结论：HGF和EGF有诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肝细胞分化的作用。     

无血清诱导脂肪间充质干细胞向雪旺细胞分化的实验研究

目的探索无血清诱导脂肪间充质干细胞分化为雪旺细胞的方法。方法取大鼠双侧睾丸周围脂肪组织,分离培养原代脂肪间充质干细胞,CD90、CD44和CD45流式鉴定。将脂肪间充质干细胞分成两组,实验组无血清诱导培养,对照组有血清诱导培养。采用雪旺细胞化学诱导因子逐步诱导2周,比较形态学变化以及细胞免疫荧光S-100和GFAP阳性率。结果分离的脂肪间充质干细胞相关的CD90和CD44表达阳性,CD45表达阴性。诱导后两组形态学相似,实验组S-100、GFAP阳性率与对照组比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论无血清诱导培养可作为诱导脂肪间充质干细胞向雪旺细胞分化的方法。     

体外诱导糖尿病鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向血管内皮样细胞分化的研究

目的 观察链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)的体外培养方法和向血管内皮样细胞分化的能力.方法 利用密度梯度离心分离和贴壁培养相结合的方法从STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠骨髓中提纯单个核细胞,体外扩增3代,倒置显微镜观察细胞生长及形态,流式细胞仪检测BMSCs表面抗原表达.取扩增第3代的BMSCs,分为2组,诱导组加入诱导培养剂[含10％胎牛血清、10μg/L血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、2μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、100 U/ml青霉素、100 mg/L链霉素的M199培养基]中诱导分化,对照组则不加任何细胞因子.2周后行细胞形态学观察,免疫细胞化学法检测VEGF受体(VEGFR)-2表达,流式细胞仪测定CD34表达量,紫外线分光光度法测定一氧化碳(NO)含量,电镜观测胞质WeibelPalade小体.结果 STZ腹腔注射可诱导糖尿病大鼠模型.流式细胞仪显示第3代BMSCs表达表面抗原:CD44和CD90阳性细胞表达率分别为(97.8±0.9)％和(96.8±1.4)％,而CD11 b/c和CD34阳性细胞表达率分别为(13.2±0.6)％和(1.2±0.5)％.诱导组大部分细胞形态变化不明显,呈长梭形、杆状、多角形,诱导组VEGFR-2、CD34阳性表达率分别为(97.1±1.0)％和(65.0±3.9)％,而对照组则为(7.0±1.0)％和(0.9±0.3)％,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);诱导组胞外NO含量(94.14±3.25) μmol/L亦明显高于对照组(70.37±2.10) μmol/L(P ＜0.05);电镜两组均未观察到胞质Weibel Palade小体.结论 经密度梯度离心分离和贴壁培养相结合的方法可从骨髓中提纯BMSCs.糖尿病鼠BMSCs可在体外诱导向血管内皮样细胞方向分化,BMSCs有望作为治疗糖尿病下肢缺血性疾病的种子细胞.