谷氨酰胺颗粒剂对严重创伤患者疗效及安全性的临床评价

目的 观察口服谷氨酰胺颗粒剂对严重创伤患者体内谷氨酰胺缺乏的治疗作用及可能发生的不良反应。方法 将受试患者随机分为对照组和治疗组。治疗组口服谷氨酰胺颗粒剂；对照组口服同等剂量的安慰剂。比较两组的蛋白质代谢、肠粘膜受损程度、免疫功能、肝肾功能。结果 治疗组血浆谷氨酰胺含量与用药前和对照组相比明显增加（P＜0.05)，而对照组用药后无明显变化。肠道受损程度明显减轻，治疗组二胺氧化酶活性、内毒素含量及肠粘膜通透性较用药前及对照组明显下降（P＜0.05-0.01)，血浆内毒素的变化则不明显（P＞0.05)。治疗组血浆蛋白、白介素－2水平显著高于用药前（P＜0.05)，尿氮含量明显低于对照组（P＜0.01)。结论 服用谷氨酰胺颗粒剂能显著提高血浆谷氨酰胺含量，对严重创伤患者谷氨酰胺缺乏的治疗是安全、有效的。     

高压氧治疗对创伤性颅脑损伤大鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的 观察高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)治疗对创伤性颅脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)模型大鼠抗氧化能力的影响,为临床TBI患者实施HBO治疗提供基础实验依据.方法 80只雄性Wistar大鼠按数字表法随机分为8组,每组10只,第1～4组为脑创伤组,分别于建模后24h内(1组)、第5天(2组)、第10天(3组)、第15天(4组)处死;第5～7组为HBO治疗组,第5组建模当天开始行HBO治疗至第5天处死,第6组建模后第5天开始行HBO治疗至第10天处死,第7组建模后第10天开始行HBO治疗至第15天处死;第8组为空白对照组.采用侧位液压撞击(lateral fluid percussion,LFP)法建立TBI大鼠模型.HBO治疗方案:压力0.2 MPa(2.0 ATA)下吸纯氧45 min,1次/d,共治疗5次.分光光度法测量血清中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、丙二醛( malondialdehyde,MDA)含量并计算SOD/MDA值.结果 各HBO治疗组SOD活性[(280.00±80.47)U/ml]、SOD/MDA值[(85.57±35.60)U/nmol]与各创伤组[(221.81±43.35) U/ml、(46.38±18.38)U/nmol]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);MDA含量低于创伤组,但差异无统计学意义.各HBO组SOD活性均高于相应脑创伤组,亚急性期(建模后第5天)开始行HBO治疗组SOD活性[(305.66±68.23) U/ml]、SOD/MDA值[(96.58±31.11)U/nmol]与相应脑创伤组[(209.07±19.65) U/ml、(51.42±8.56) U/nmol]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在损伤后特定时间段内给予HBO治疗,可使模型大鼠抗氧化能力短时间内迅速提高.所以适时、适量的HBO治疗不会加重氧化损伤.     

雾化吸入肝素防治支气管哮喘疗效观察

目的 :为雾化吸入肝素防治支气管哮喘提供有效的客观依据。方法 :采用随机单盲交叉分组的自身对照设计 ,对轻中度哮喘 4 0例行吸入肝素前后肺功能测定 ,痰液ECP(嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白 )、TNF a(肿瘤坏死因子 )、sIL 2R(可溶性白细胞介素 2受体 )水平测定 ,并先后于吸入肝素及吸入安慰剂后进行气道反应性测定。结果 :吸入肝素后痰液ECP由 2 98± 15 0 (μg/L)降至 14 7± 95 (μg/L) ,TNF a由 2 87± 14 7(ng/L)降至 139± 5 9(ng/L) ,sIL 2R由 4 98± 12 7× 10 3U/L降至 35 8± 10 7× 10 3U /L ,吸入前后比较 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。吸入肝素后肺功能FEV1(一秒钟用力呼气容积 )由 2 6 4± 0 6 1L增至 2 89± 0 6 9L(P<0 0 1) ,PEFR(最大呼气流量 )由 5 5 1± 1 94L增至 5 94± 2 2 1L(P <0 0 5 ) ,FVC(用力肺活量 )由 3 5 7± 0 83L增至 3 78± 0 85L(P <0 0 1)。所有病人吸入肝素后PC2 0 值均较吸入安慰剂高 ,PC2 0 Mch值分别为 5 4 2 9± 8 84 3mg/ml和 0 94 3± 0 887mg/ml(P <0 0 1) ,其中 4例吸入肝素后气道反应转为阴性。结论 :雾化吸入肝素起效快、疗效高、不良反应小等 ,可起到早期防治哮喘的作用     

伸肌装置保护入路与尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路治疗肱骨远端C型骨折疗效对比研究

目的对比伸肌装置保护入路与尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路对肱骨远端C型骨折患者疗效。方法前瞻性研究2017年2月—2019年6月鹤壁市人民医院骨科收治的肱骨远端C型骨折患者78例。采用随机数字表法将患者分为尺骨鹰嘴截骨组和伸肌装置组,各39例。尺骨鹰嘴截骨组行尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路手术,伸肌装置组行伸肌装置保护入路手术。尺骨鹰嘴截骨组男性24例,女性15例;年龄23～68岁,平均42. 2岁;BMI 20. 17～28. 94kg/m~2,平均24. 00kg/m~2;左侧15例,右侧24例; C1型23例,C2型16例;致伤机制:高处坠落伤12例,道路交通伤20例,摔伤7例。伸肌装置组男性26例,女性13例;年龄22～65岁,平均42. 1岁; BMI 20. 21～28. 75kg/m~2,平均24. 11kg/m~2;左侧17例,右侧22例; C1型21例,C2型18例;致伤机制:坠落伤14例,道路交通伤18例,摔伤7例。比较两组患者临床疗效、肘关节功能、骨代谢指标、血清肌酶、炎症因子。结果伸肌装置组患者优良率84. 62%,与尺骨鹰嘴截骨组79. 49%比较差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。两组患者Mayo肘关节功能指数(88. 9±7. 0 vs. 92. 2±8. 1)及臂-肩-手功能障碍评分(DASH)[(87. 2±11. 0)分vs.(90. 1±12. 3)分]比较差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。术前两组患者骨保护素(OPG)[(1. 89±0. 34) pg/mL vs.(1. 92±0. 40) pg/mL]、Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端前肽(PICP)水平[(27. 19±6. 17) ng/mL vs.(26. 93±5. 97) ng/mL]及总1型胶原氨基酸延长肽(P1NP)[(20. 18±4. 02) ng/mL vs.(21. 23±4. 19) ng/mL]比较差异均无统计学意义(P0. 05)。术后两组患者OPG[(2. 47±0. 40) pg/mL vs.(3. 61±0. 61) pg/mL]、PICP水平[(38. 25±8. 14) ng/mL vs.(52. 08±7. 95) ng/mL]及P1NP [(28. 93±5. 18) ng/mL vs.(38. 27±6. 25) ng/mL]比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。术前两组患者肌红蛋白(Myo)[(42. 18±7. 29)μg/L vs.(43. 30±7. 53)μg/L]、肌酸激酶(CK)[(38. 92±7. 05) U/L vs.(37. 65±6. 95) U/L]及乳酸脱氧酶(LDH)水平[(114. 28±32. 02) U/L vs.(120. 61±35. 83) U/L)比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。术后两组患者Myo[(98. 72±21. 06)μg/L vs.(74. 13±18. 71)μg/L)、CK[(79. 15±10. 36) U/L vs.(58. 04±11. 03) U/L]及LDH水平[(223. 69±42. 18) U/L vs.(178. 93±50. 29) U/L]比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。术前两组患者肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)[(37. 02±5. 78) pg/mL vs.(38. 91±5. 83) pg/mL]、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)[(160. 18±42. 07) pg/mL vs.(158. 07±38. 91) pg/mL]、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平[(6. 18±1. 45)μg/mL vs.(6. 15±1. 38)μg/mL]比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。术后两组TNFα[(68. 23±18. 04) pg/mL vs.(45. 11±10. 81) pg/mL]、MCP-1[(234. 08±63. 19) pg/mL vs.(192. 15±58. 02) pg/mL]、CRP水平[(13. 72±3. 02)μg/mL vs.(10. 14±2. 75)μg/mL]比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论伸肌装置保护入路与尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路对肱骨远端C型骨折患者疗效相当,术后6个月肘关节功能恢复均较好,同时伸肌装置保护入路还可有效改善患者升高骨代谢指标、降低血清激酶、缓解炎症反应。     

丁酸钠对严重烫伤大鼠小肠黏膜血流量和微血管通透性的影响

 目的 探讨丁酸钠(sodium butyrate,BTR)对严重烫伤大鼠小肠黏膜血流量和微血管通透性的影响。方法 雄性SD大鼠48只,体重240~260 g,随机分为假烫组、烫伤组和丁酸钠组,每组16只。烫伤组和丁酸钠组采用沸水烫伤背部15 s、腹部8 s,造成50%总体表面积(TBSA)Ⅲ度烫伤;假烫组采用37 ℃温水浸泡相同部位及时间。于烫伤后立即腹腔注射丁酸钠(400 mg/kg)或等体积生理盐水。烫伤后3 h和6 h测定小肠黏膜血流量;检测血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性;取小肠组织检测含水率及微血管通透性。结果 假烫组大鼠小肠黏膜血流量丰富,血浆DAO活性正常,小肠微血管通透性和含水率为正常水平。大鼠严重烫伤后,小肠黏膜血流量迅速降低,DAO活性显著增强,小肠微血管通透性和含水率明显增高。烫伤后3 h,丁酸钠组与烫伤组比较,小肠组织微血管通透性[(4.26±0.98)μg/ml vs (5.53±1.31)μg/ml]、含水率[(63.67±3.35)% vs (74.32±3.74)%]、血浆DAO[(43.76±9.34)U/L vs (73.29±11.34) U/L]均显著降低,小肠黏膜血流量明显升高[(67.21±9.47)BPU vs (55.18±10.48)BPU](均P<0.05)。烫伤后6 h,丁酸钠组与烫伤组比较,小肠微血管通透性[(6.89±1.12)μg/ml vs (8.92±1.69) μg/ml]、含水率[(68.45±4.52)% vs (80.76±3.94)%]、血浆DAO[(47.59±10.71)U/L vs (89.87±11.93) U/L]均明显降低,小肠黏膜血流量明显升高[(47.77±8.93)BPU vs (25.64±7.42)BPU](均P<0.05)。结论 丁酸钠能增加严重烫伤大鼠小肠黏膜血流量,降低小肠微血管内皮通透性和组织水肿,对小肠组织具有保护作用。
     

血清Ⅳ型胶原和层粘连蛋白在2型糖尿病肾病中的临床价值

目的　探讨血清Ⅳ型胶原 (ⅣC)和层粘连蛋白 (LN)在 2型糖尿病 (DM)肾病中的临床价值。方法　 78例 2型DM患者 (男 4 2例 ,女 36例 )分为正常白蛋白尿组 (A组 ) 35例 ,微量白蛋白尿组 (B组 ) 2 8例和大量白蛋白尿组 (C组 ) 15例。采用放射免疫分析法测定其血清ⅣC和LN含量。对照组为健康体格检查者 30例。结果　 78例DM患者血清ⅣC[(97 6± 19 2 ) μg/L]、LN[(132 4±31 5 ) μg/L]水平明显高于对照组 [(77 4± 8 2 )、(10 1 5± 17 6 ) μg/L ,P <0 0 5 ];微量及大量白蛋白尿组患者血清ⅣC、LN水平均明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;DM各组间血清ⅣC、LN水平差异有显著性 ,随 2 4h尿白蛋白排泄率 (UAER)增加及病程延长 ,血清ⅣC、LN水平递增 ,病程 >10年者 [ⅣC(10 6 6± 2 0 1) μg/L ,LN (14 5 3± 31 1) μg/L]明显高于病程 <5年者 [(89 4± 17 5 ) μg/L ,(117 8±2 7 4 ) μg/L ,P <0 .0 5 ];血清ⅣC、LN与病程、尿素氮 (BUN)、肌酐 (Cr)、UAER呈高度正相关。 结论　联合检测血清ⅣC、LN、UAER能为早期诊断和治疗DM肾病提供依据 ,并可用于判断预后。     

静脉注射T-bet重组腺病毒对小鼠过敏性气道炎症的抑制作用研究

目的 探讨静脉应用T-bet重组腺病毒(AdT-bet)对哮喘小鼠过敏性气道炎症的作用.方法 48只C57BL/6小鼠随机均分为AdT-bet处理组(A组)、AdLacZ处理组(B组)、PBS处理组(C组)和正常对照组(D组),每组12只.A、B、C组采用卵蛋白(OVA)和氢氧化铝建立哮喘模型,于第19天激发前分别静脉注射50μl AdT-bet(108pfu)、AdLacZ、PBS.第26天测定肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的细胞组分和IL-4、IL-5、IFNγ浓度,测定血浆IgE水平,观察肺组织病理学变化及GATA-3表达.结果 A组BALF中的嗜酸性细胞(EOS)、IL-4、IL-5分别为0.6%±0.2%、6.8±3.7pg/ml、12.5±4.8pg/ml,明显低于B组(分别为20.9%±6.8%、92.4±23.0pg/ml、56.5±11.8pg/ml)和C组(分别为20.8%±6.7%、90.4±22.8pg/ml、57.3±12.2pg/ml)(P＜0.01),而A组的IFNγ水平(720.0±50.0pg/ml)则明显高于B组(13.3±3.6pg/ml)和C组(12.3±5.0pg/ml).A组血浆中总IgE(38.8±9.5μg/ml)及OVA特异性IgE(19.2±4.8U/ml)水平显著低于B组(分别为66.9±10.2μg/ml、35.2±7.8U/ml)和C组(分别为68.6±9.6μg/ml、36.1±8.5U/ml)(P＜0.01).肺组织病理学观察提示B组和C组GATA-3表达明显增加,支气管平滑肌肥厚,黏膜充血、水肿,炎性细胞浸润,管腔内可见黏液栓,而A组GATA-3的表达明显减少,炎症性反应明显减轻.结论 静脉应用AdT-bet可抑制哮喘鼠IL-4、IL-5的合成,增强IFNγ的表达,抑制EOS在气道内的炎性浸润及血浆中IgE水平,其机制可能与AdT-bet增强Th1型反应,抑制GATA-3表达,从而抑制Th2型免疫反应有关.     

胃食管反流病的食管运动与胃肠激素及雌激素的关系

为探讨胃食管反流病 (GERD)的食管运动功能及其与消化道激素、雌激素的关系 ,用SGY 3型消化道动力测定仪检测了 2 0例食管炎和 2 5例内镜阴性GERD患者的食管运动功能 ,并用RIA测定了各组患者血浆胃动素、胃泌素、胰高糖素及雌激素水平。结果发现 ,内镜阴性GERD患者下食管括约肌压力 (LESP) [( 2 12±1 0 0 )kPa]明显低于正常对照组 [( 3 2 3± 0 72 )kPa ,P <0 0 1] ,食管炎组LESP[( 1 2 8± 0 5 6 )kPa]又明显低于内镜阴性GERD组 (P <0 0 1) ;GERD患者食管中下段蠕动波压力较正常人也明显减低 (P <0 0 1) ,食管炎组的下段食管蠕动波压力又明显低于内镜阴性GERD组 (P <0 0 1) ;食管炎组与内镜阴性GERD患者血浆雌激素[( 4 70 42± 6 7 5 5 ) pmol/L ,( 396 5 9± 5 5 17) pmol/L]较正常人有明显增高 [( 91 2 3± 33 2 9)pmol/L ,P <0 0 1) ] ,并与LESP呈中等度负相关 (r =0 443,P <0 0 2 )。     

促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂在卵巢过度刺激综合征治疗中应用价值研究

目的探讨促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂在卵巢过度刺激综合征治疗中的应用价值。方法选取北部战区总医院生殖医学中心2016年1—4月收治的36例卵巢过度刺激综合征患者为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将患者分入两组,每组18例。A组患者接受常规治疗,B组患者在常规治疗基础上加用促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂。比较两组患者促黄体激素、雌二醇及获卵数、受精数、优质胚胎数。结果两组患者均未出现严重并发症。B组促黄体激素为(2. 6±1. 3)的U/L,明显低于A组的(4. 1±1. 5) U/L,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。B组雌二醇为(986. 4±648. 5) U/L,明显低于A组的(1623. 5±632. 6) U/L,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。B组获卵数、受精数、优质胚胎数分别为(36. 5±4. 1)个、(22. 8±5. 2)个、(9. 5±2. 2)个,均多于A组的(22. 1±4. 3)个、(13. 4±5. 3)个、(6. 4±2. 3)个,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂治疗卵巢过度刺激综合征安全有效,可控制疾病进展,也可用于疾病预防。     

切开复位内固定联合韧带修复术治疗踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤的疗效及对骨代谢的影响

目的 探讨韧带修复联合切开复位内固定术(ORIF)治疗踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤的疗效及对骨代谢的影响。方法 采用前瞻性病例对照研究分析2015年5月—2018年5月中山市中医院骨二科收治的55例踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤患者的临床资料,通过随机数字表法分为观察组28例和对照组27例。两组均接受ORIF治疗,对照组术中不修补三角韧带,观察组术中使用锚钉修复三角韧带。比较两组围术期情况、VAS评分、美国矫形外科足踝协会(AOFAS)评分、骨代谢指标、临床疗效及并发症。结果观察组手术时间明显较对照组长[(110. 84±13. 61) min vs.(99. 16±9. 59) min],住院时间、骨折愈合时间明显较对照组短[(15. 64±2. 07) d vs.(18. 69±2. 42) d,(11. 36±1. 88)周vs.(13. 52±2. 04)周],P 0. 05;观察组术后1、3个月VAS评分均明显低于对照组[(3. 03±0. 56)分vs.(3. 62±0. 71)分,(1. 16±0. 20)分vs.(2. 23±0. 28)分,P 0. 5];术后6个月时,观察组AOFAS评分明显高于对照组[(86. 73±8. 60)分vs.(77. 50±7. 94)分](P 0. 05),且观察组血清骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、骨钙素(BGP)、1型前胶原氨基端延长肽(P1NP)明显高于对照组[(139. 34±16. 70) U/L vs.(110. 45±12. 36) U/L,(7. 45±1. 05)μg/L vs.(5. 98±0. 78)μg/L,(131. 46±12. 76)μg/L vs.(114. 74±10. 01)μg/L],血清β胶原降解产物(β-CTX)明显低于对照组[(0. 33±0. 05)μg/L vs.(0. 49±0. 06)μg/L],P 0. 05;观察组临床疗效优良率明显高于对照组(89. 29%vs. 77. 78%,P 0. 05);两组术后并发症总发生率差异无统计学意义(3. 57%vs. 3. 70%,P0. 05)。结论联合韧带修复在踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤患者ORIF治疗中疗效显著,可有效缓解术后疼痛,改善骨代谢,有助于促进骨质愈合及踝关节功能恢复,安全性好,值得应用推广。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）