外源性变应性细支气管肺泡炎32例临床X线分析

<正> 外源性变应性细支气管肺泡炎,又称过敏性肺泡炎。多因接触特殊有机粉尘累及小气道与肺泡,出现典型呼吸道和相应的全身症状,可反复出现。现报告32例,并仅就其胸部X线分析如下:     

肝硬化肺部感染性病变的X线表现

肝硬化，尤以非代偿性肝硬化患者容易发生各种肺部感染，该文收集过去５年间肝硬化住院患者２２０例，其中有各种肺部感染的２２例，报告了临床及Ｘ线表现，并对其发病机制诊断要点和预后进行初步探讨。     

新生儿感染性肺炎112例临床与X线表现

新生儿感染性肺炎１１２例临床与Ｘ线表现钱明珠，沈蝶，王瑞华，陈晶（连云港市第一人民医院儿科２２２００２）在围产医学中，新生儿感染症是重要内容之一，其中又以新生儿感染性肺炎最为多见，且病死率较高。我院儿科１９９０年１月至１９９３年１２月收治新生儿感染性...     

33例肺部炎性假瘤的X线表现及其病理分析

３３例肺部炎性假瘤的ｘ线表现及其病理分析程根继曹进龙王天好（包头市第三医院０１４０４０）在抗菌素的广泛应用下肺部炎性病变已使ｘ线阴影呈不典型变化。由于炎变的病变被包围和局限化，以及延迟吸收常可形成假性肿瘤，炎性假瘤的本质是炎性肉芽肿和各种非特异性炎症...     

肺部感染的临床X线分析

目的通过对本组病例的综合分析,探讨肺部感染的临床表现及X线征象特点。方法收集本院住院的42例年龄在4个月～66岁患者的胸部X线片进行综合分析。结果 36例（占全部病例86%）肺部的炎性渗出性病灶不明显,以慢性支气管炎、金葡菌肺炎为主的X线表现为主,在紊乱、迂曲的肺纹理中,挟杂有少许小斑点状阴影,边缘不清。结论 60岁以上,特别是本身有慢性基础性疾病的老年性肺炎的肺泡渗出通常不明显,而肺间质炎症渗出相对明显,阅片时应综合各种临床资料及各种辅助检查,全面分析。     

高原肺水肿临床X线表现

高原肺水肿是指少数人初到或重返高原的人，由于急剧暴露在高原低氧条件下，加之某种诱因引起肺动脉压突然升高，导致肺血容量增加，肺循环障碍，做循环由液体漏出至肺问质和肺泡而引起一种高原特发病。发病高度在海拔3000米左右，以4000-5000米地区发病数最多，本组引发生在海拔4500～4700米之问，全部经我院X线胸部拍片诊断及治疗，治愈出院。现将本组病例X线表现及临床诊疗作一回顾性分析。     

56例HIV阳性患者肺部X线表现

本文报道了１９９０至１９９３年在非洲布隆迪医疗期间，对５６例ＨＩＶ阳性患者的肺部Ｘ线改变。结果肺炎样改变占５０％；结核样改变占３２．１％；卡波氏囊虫性肺炎３．６％；肿瘤及胸膜病变１４．３％。说明ＨＩＶ阳性患者的肺部病变是复杂而多样的，其表现因地域及文化而有所不同。     

28例肺部良性肿瘤与肿瘤样病变X线诊断

肺部良性肿瘤及肺癌在工作中属常见病．目前对肺部良性肿瘤与肿瘤样病变报告极少，本人经过近2年来发现肺肿瘤的情况，做回顾性报告。     

特发性肺纤维化的X线诊断

特发性肺纤维化（简称IPF），又称陷原性致纤维化肺泡炎。本文搜集我院自1990至2005年经住院治疗，有完整病史并经病理证实的14例报告如下。     

先天性巨结肠组织学检查及临床意义

本文对20例先天性巨结肠手术切除的标本和3例先天性巨结肠合并肠炎死亡病例标本进行了组织学观察。并对根治术进行讨论。     

十二指肠憩室及其并发症的临床及X线特征

本文对双对比造影显示的152例十二指肠憩室及14例憩室并发症进行临床及X线特征的分析，阐明憩室的发生部位及排空状况与其并发症的发生及临床表现的关系，认为X线对憩室及其并发症的诊断价值较大，对指导临床治疗有所帮助。     

Binswanger病临床特点与CT、MR分析

目的 :探讨Binswanger病 (BD)的病因、临床特点及CT、MR改变。方法 :对 5 7例BD患者的表现及CT、MR改变进行分析。结果 :BD伴有高血压病史 4 8例 (84 .2 % ) ,临床表现为渐进性痴呆、智能减退、假性延髓麻痹等 ,有神经系统局灶体征。常以脑卒中发作就诊。该病的头颅CT和MR均有局灶性或弥漫性改变 ,MR发现的病灶较CT明显增多。结论 :BD与高血压有密切关系 ,MR对BD的诊断率较高 ,早期控制高血压是治疗的关键。     

蕈样肉芽肿血内及组织内T细胞亚群的研究

本文对9例蕈样肉芽肿(MF)病人血淋巴细胞同时用FC受体法及单克隆抗体法检测其血内的T淋巴细胞亚类的表面标志,并在试管内检测用美洲商陆(PWM)刺激后其单个核细胞悬液免疫球蛋白的产生,以及淋巴细胞的自发性细胞中介性细胞毒作用(SCMC)。同时,用冰冻切片及间接免疫过氧化酶技术对5例MF皮损内的浸润细胞进行免疫学表现型鉴定。结果表明:MF患者血内TG细胞显著增多、TM细胞正常;Leu2a~ 细胞正常,而Leu3a~ 细胞显著减少;试管PWM刺激单个核细胞Ig合成以及SCMC活性下降。在皮损内主要是Leu4~ ,OKT_(11)~ ,Leu3a~ ,Ia~ 细胞符合,它们是激活的T辅助/诱导细胞。在3例MF皮损中有相当数量的OKT_6~ 细胞,在真皮上部为树枝状,在真皮中下层为圆形,提示它们可能是郎格罕氏细胞、胸腺细胞或未成熟的T细胞。     

Clinical Features and Prognosis in 21 Patients with Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis

Objective To assess the spectrum of causes, clinical features, differences between disease phases, and prognosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis （EAA）. Methods Patients with EAA diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from August 1983 to May 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Their medical records were examined to gather clinical, laboratorial, radiological, and histopathological data. Patients were divided to three phases （acute, subacute, and chronic） according to clinical presentations. Follow-up data regarding treatment response, subsequent radio- logical and pulmonary function studies, and clinical outcomes were collected. Results A total of 21 cases were enrolled. Among them, 11 were subacute, 10 were chronic. The most common exposure was pet birds （6 cases, 28.6%）. The primary abnormality of pulmonary function was restriction and/or reduction in diffusing capacity （12 cases, 63.2%）. The most common findings on high-resolution computed tomography （HRCT） were ground-glass opacities （13 cases, 68.4%） and centri- lobular nodules （8 cases, 42.1%）. Airway obstruction in pulmonary function test, emphysema, hmg cysts, and fibrosis on HRCT were more frequently seen in chronic than in subacute patients, though the differences were not statistically significant. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） showed lymphocytosis. The total＇cell count and the percentage of neutrophils were significantly higher in subacute than in chronic patients （P〈0.05）. Nonnecrotizing granulomas were seen in 8 （47.1%） cases. Improvement or normalization in symptoms, radiography, and pulmonary function test after treatment were seen in all 18 patients with avail- able follow-up data. Five patients recurred. Conclusions The characteristic abnormalities of pulmonary function, findings on HRCT, and pa- thology are essential for all phases of EAA, and the atypical manifestations such as obstruction and fibrosis can also be present frequently, particularly in chronic cases. Differential cell counts of BALF are related to the phase of the disease. The treatment response and prognosis of EAA are good.     

DETECTION OF TELOMERASE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES

Objectives. To detect telomerase activity in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and to study the role of telomerase in the tumorigenesis of MF.Methods. The technique of PCR-ELISA was employed to detect telomerase activity in 35 patients with various stages of MF.Results. 92.3% tumor stage of MF, 78.6% plaque stage of MF and 75.0% patch stage of MF had positive telomerase activity. The control samples had no telomerase activity. Telomerase activity in tumor stage of MF was significantly higher than that in plaque stage, while the latter was higher than that in patch stage. Telomerase activity was correlated with the stage of MF.Conclusion. High level of telomerase activity frequently occurred in patients with MF, suggesting that telomerase might play an important role in the tumorigenesis of MF and is a useful marker for the diagnosis of MF possibly.     

小儿滑膜肉瘤的临床和X线分析

本文对14例经手术、病理证实的小儿滑膜肉瘤的临床和X线表现作了分析.男9例,女5例,年龄4～14岁.病儿的特点是肿瘤边缘多不清楚和早期转移.本组14例中8例有骨质改变,包括肿瘤组织的直接浸润,引起骨质破坏;间接压迫侵蚀和反应性骨增生硬化,以及骨内原发性滑膜肉瘤的直接破坏.讨论了有关本病的诊断和治疗等问题,特别强调手术前后应给以放射治疗并辅以化学治疗.     

少年股骨头骨软骨炎临床X线分析

本文分析了26例少年股骨头骨软骨炎的临床X线表现。X线上的早期改变有:髋关节内隙加宽,股骨头骺密度增加、囊状透光区形成、轻度变扁和股骨头骺关节软骨下骨折线的出现。进展期的改变,除股骨头骺密度增加变扁明显外,股骨头骺有碎裂、股骨颈的骨疏松和增粗变短,同侧闭孔缩小,股骨头骺脱位以及合并髋白骨软骨炎。讨论了少年股骨头骨软骨炎X线诊断的临床意义、临床表现、病理和X线征象的相互关系,以及与髋关节结核、克汀病的鉴别诊断。     

大鼠慢性实验性外源性过敏性肺泡炎的病理研究

自某大米加工厂粉尘中分离培养出一株普通高温放线菌，用该菌按非暴露式气管内注入法复制大鼠在性外源性过敏性肺泡炎模型。连续观察一年，发现其主要病变为肺泡腔和隔的慢性炎症，肉芽肿和肺泡内芽形成，轻度间质纤维化，Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞增生。免疫荧光法证实其肺组织中有ＩｇＧ     

PHPT临床特点及骨关节改变X线表现

①目的探讨原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（PHPT）所致骨关节X线改变及其临床特点。②方法回顾总结经手术和病理证实的8例PHPT病人的临床资料及X线表现。③结果PHPT病人临床表现多样，实验室检查示高钙血症、高尿钙、低磷血症、甲状旁腺激素增高，血碱性磷酸酶升高。骨关节改变X线主要表现为全身骨质稀疏、骨膜下骨质吸收、纤维囊样骨炎、颅盖骨磨砂玻璃样变等。④结论PTPH临床表现多样易误诊，骨关节X线特征对诊断有重要价值，结合血钙、磷、甲状旁腺激素测定可对本病做出正确诊断。