人工全髋关节置换术后翻修的假体选择

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术后翻修的假体选择. 方法 1995年1月～2002年6月进行全髋关节翻修术33例(33髋),其中男7髋,女26髋.翻修原因:无菌性松动22例,感染后松动8例(其中2例合并窦道形成);股骨头置换术后髋臼磨损3例,不伴有假体中心性脱位.对无菌性松动和股骨头磨损患者采用骨水泥固定型假体13例,生物固定型假体12例,股骨侧翻修假体均选择骨水泥固定型广泛涂层假体,8例感染患者均行一期骨水泥固定型全髋置换. 结果随访6个月～7年6个月,平均3年11个月.2例出现X线透亮带,但无临床不稳;4例遗留持续性疼痛,无假体脱位、断裂.本组Harris评分由术前的24～47分(平均38.6分),上升为术后的68～88分(平均82.4分),满意率87.9%. 结论无菌性松动是全髋关节置换术后翻修的主要原因.髋臼侧翻修假体可选择骨水泥型假体、也可选择生物型假体,股骨侧翻修假体均选择骨水泥固定型广泛涂层假体,感染后的翻修选择骨水泥假体较好.     

人工髋关节置换术后5年内翻修的原因分析及处理方法

目的 探讨初次髋关节置换术后早期翻修的原因和防治方法.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年6月55例行人工髋关节翻修术患者的资料,其中术后5年内(含5年)翻修11例,翻修原因及翻修方式为:髋臼假体位置不良导致复发性脱位2例,手术调整髋臼假体位置;髋臼假体松动5例,翻修髋臼和(或)股骨假体;术后早期股骨假体周围骨折2例,行骨折复位固定;股骨头磨损髋臼1例,行全髋翻修;感染1例,行二期手术翻修.术前和术后随访采用Harris评分评估髋关节功能.术前Harris评分平均46分(28～62分).结果 本组随访时间16～76个月,平均36个月.术后Harris评分提高至平均86分(75～96分).术后出现并发症2例:1例术后局部血肿形成,4周后需再次手术清理血肿;1例术后关节不稳,经适当牵引制动后关节不稳定现象消失.无感染、深静脉血栓、主要血管和神经损伤等并发症发生.结论 初次髋关节置换早期翻修主要原因与髋臼假体处理、假体选择和安放技术不当有关,因此提高髋臼假体安放的手术技术有助于改善人工髋关节的疗效.     

股骨头置换术后髋臼磨损翻修的方法和对策

目的 介绍和评价人工股骨头置换术后髋臼磨损翻修的方法和效果.方法 回顾性分析32例因人工股骨头置换术后18个月～11年出现髋关节疼痛而进行全髋关节置换的病例,其中最常见的问题是髋臼臼底机械性磨损引起的疼痛.根据Bradford和Paprosky分类方法将髋臼的磨损分为三度,分别采用常规方法、异体颗粒骨,以及结构性植骨进行骨性髋臼重建.其中非骨水泥型假体30例,骨水泥型假体2例.结果 经2～8年(平均4.2年)随访,根据Harris评分方法,术前评分平均(40.5±2.1)分,术后增加到(82.4±3.6)分.X线片显示髋臼和股骨柄假体位置良好,无松动和感染征象.结论 髋臼磨损的分类便于术中确定是否需要行广泛软组织松解、大转子截骨或髋臼重建等.此外,对股骨颈骨折患者的关节置换以选择全髋关节置换为宜.     

人工髋关节置换术后翻修病例分析

目的分析人工髋关节置换术后翻修的原因,评价全髋翻修术的临床效果。方法本组33例34髋。初次关节置换类型:全髋置换21例,双杯髋关节置换1例,人工股骨头置换11例。翻修原因:无菌性松动23例24髋,髋臼位置不良1例1髋,股骨头置换后髋臼磨损5例5髋,感染4例4髋。翻修距初次手术时间:1年以内5髋,1～2年1髋,5～10年18髋,10～13年10髋。翻修假体类型:非骨水泥型假体20髋,混合型假体7髋,骨水泥型假体7髋。结果平均随访3.5年。1例术后半年发生股骨柄松动进行再翻修,其余病例假体保留,优良率为82.4%。结论翻修的最常见原因为无菌性松动,人工股骨头置换时髋臼磨损也是翻修原因之一,对较年轻的股骨颈骨折患者,如行假体置换,最好采用全髋关节置换。翻修术采用非骨水泥型假体较好。     

全髋置换术用于人工股骨头置换术后翻修

目的 探讨人工股骨头长欺使用后髋关节疼痛原因及其行人全关节置换术翻修必要性。方法 对10例（10髋）人工股骨头置换术髌关节疼痛人行人工全髋关节置换术翻修并进行随访。结果 10例病人平均随访进行18个月,效果满意率90％。结论 假体松动,髋臼退行性疾病,髋臼底变薄,人工股骨头中心性脱位是造成髋关节疼痛的主要原因。全髋关节置换术翻修能明显改善这些病人的髋关节疼痛。     

大转子延长截骨在股骨柄翻修术中的应用

目的 报道大转子延长截骨在股骨柄翻修术中的应用及其疗效。方法 从 1998年 1月～ 2000年 1月,采用大转子延长截骨术取出股骨柄、骨水泥,行翻修术 11例。男 7例,女 4例。年龄 53～ 69岁,平均 65.4岁。翻修原因 :股骨柄断裂 2例,人工股骨头置换术后髋臼骨关节炎 8例,假体位置异常 1例。结果 11例患者术后第 2 d均在助行器辅助下下床行走,术后 3个月大转子延长截骨处临床愈合后,改扶单拐行走, 6个月后弃拐行走。术后随访 6～ 30个月,大转子延长截骨处骨性愈合, Harris评分平均为 89.6分。结论 大转子延长截骨术多用于翻修术中取出固定牢固的骨水泥或非骨水泥假体柄。其适应证包括 :(1)股骨柄近端断裂,远端仍牢固固定者; (2)人工股骨头置换术后发生髋臼骨关节炎伴髋关节强直,股骨柄固定牢固,需行全髋翻修者; (3)股骨柄安放位置错误,但骨水泥固定良好者; (4)不伴有假体松动的早期严重感染需行翻修者。该方法显露充分,术后恢复快,是一种较好的股骨柄固定牢固的翻修方法。主要并发症有截骨处不愈合、移位及截骨片骨折。     

人工髋关节置换术后翻修的原因分析及处理

[目的]探讨人工髋关节置换术后翻修的原因及处理方法。[方法]回顾性分析1993年4月～2015年5月在本科行人工髋关节翻修术患者405例,其中男性202例,女性203例,左侧224例,右侧181例,年龄28岁～93岁,平均(61.43±27.82)岁,总结翻修原因以及手术处理方法等。[结果]假体松动280例,其中柄松动87例,臼松动39例,柄和臼假体均松动154例;翻修前假体平均使用时间6个月～24年,平均(6.68±4.82)年。感染66例,其中16例一期旷置,待感染控制后二期再行假体置入;其余50例均行一期翻修假体置入。关节不稳所致脱位15例,均为闭合复位失败或保守治疗失败, 3例行单纯切开复位, 3例更换内衬和股骨头,1例更换股骨侧假体,3例更换髋臼侧假体,3例行全髋翻修。聚乙烯衬垫磨损但假体无松动14例,8例予以更换内衬和股骨头,4例更换髋臼侧假体和股骨头,2例行全髋翻修。股骨头置换术后髋臼磨损11例,5例仅置换髋臼侧,更换股骨头假体,6例行全髋翻修。股骨柄假体周围骨折11例,以捆绑带固定或钢板螺钉固定或更换加长柄假体结合内固定等治疗。假体机械断裂6例,予以更换假体。股骨柄假体偏心距过大导致疼痛1例,予以更换股骨柄假体。髋臼螺钉位置不当导致坐骨神经症状1例,予以调整髋臼假体和螺钉位置。[结论]假体松动是人工髋关节翻修最常见原因,其次为感染、脱位、聚乙烯磨损、股骨头置换术后髋臼磨损、假体周围骨折等;人工髋关节翻修的方案需根据假体失败的原因、患者具体情况以及医生的经验等因素综合考虑。     

双极人工股骨头与全髋关节置换术在老年患者股骨头缺血性坏死FicatⅢ期的中远期随访比较

目的比较生物型双极人工股骨头置换与全髋置换术治疗老年FicatⅢ期股骨头缺血性坏死患者的中远期疗效。方法对获得随访的61例（64髋）FicatⅢ期股骨头缺血性坏死患者,其中23例（24髋）行生物型双极人工股骨头置换、38例（40髋）行全髋关节置换术对其行回顾分析比较,观察手术前后Harris评分和术后髋部疼痛、影像学变化等情况。结果术后随访5～13年（平均8年）,末次随访Harris评分全髋置换组（88.5±8.9）分,较股骨头置换组（73.5±8.3）分高,差异有统计学意义（t=6.69,P〈0.05）。在疼痛发生率及翻修率上股骨头置换组分别为37.5%（9/24）、29.2%（7/24）,均较全髋置换组10%（4/40）、7.5%（2/40）高,差异有统计学意义（2=5.41、2=5.39,P均〈0.05）。随访X线检查假体位置,股骨头置换组9例出现髋臼磨损,发生率为37.5%;全髋置换组髋臼松动率为2.5%（1/40）,假体柄松动率为5%（2/40）;股骨头置换组5例出现股骨柄松动,发生率为20.8%（5/24）,两组在股骨柄松动发生率上差异无统计学意义（2=2.41,P〉0.05）;在股骨侧骨溶解发生率上股骨头置换组20.8%（5/24）与全髋关节置换组22.5%（9/40）间的差异无统计学意义（2=2.44,P〉0.05）。结论治疗老年FicatⅢ期股骨头缺血性坏死选择双极股骨头置换术应慎重,对于大多数患者,应积极选用生物型全髋置换术。     

保留股骨颈人工全髋关节置换术后5年以上随访的临床疗效

目的评价保留股骨颈全髋关节置换术后5年以上的临床疗效及术后并发症。方法2000年9月至2012年9月，本科室通过保留股骨颈全髋关节置换术治疗各种髋关节疾病152例，其中5年以上随访46例。本文对46例患者术后随访x线片、Harris评分、肢体的长度、关节活动度及并发症进行回顾性分析。结果围手术期并发症包括：术中股骨干骨折5例，脱位1例，切口无感染，未出现深静脉血栓及肺栓塞。随访时间5—12年，平均7．6年。末次随访Harris评分由术前平均41．2分（17—60分）提高到术后平均82．3分（74～96分），其中38例评分大于80分，6例评分位于70～80分之间，2例评分小于70分。影像学检查2例髋臼假体、1例股骨假体周围出现小范围的透亮线，其余x线片示髋臼和股骨柄假体位置满意，无松动及下沉现象，股骨颈骨质良好。结论保留股骨颈全髋关节置换治疗髋关节骨关节病中期疗效满意，尤其适用于可能需要行假体翻修的中青年患者。     

髋关节置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折内固定失败

 目的 回顾性分析采用髋关节置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折内固定失败的临床效果。方法2004年7月至2006年6月,采用髋关节置换术治疗32例股骨转子间骨折内固定失败患者,男24例,女8例;行关节置换时的年龄为57～81,平均71岁;从骨折到行关节置换的时间为5～70个月,平均40个月。骨折内固定方式包括：滑动髋螺钉15例,髓内钉10例,钢板5例,多枚螺钉2例。失败原因：拉力螺钉切出股骨头8例,骨折不愈合9例,股骨头缺血性坏死7例,创伤性关节炎8例。采用全髋关节置换术28例（全部为生物型髋臼）,双极人工股骨头置换术4例。骨水泥型股骨柄12例,非骨水泥型股骨柄20例。标准股骨假体25例,长柄股骨假体7例。结果术后28例患者获得随访,随访时间4～6年,平均5年。28例患者术前H arris评分平均37分（32～45分）,末次随访时平均88分（84～95分）;优6例,良14例,可7例,差1例。末次随访时X线片显示假体位置正常,髋臼平均外展角为44°（42°～48°）,髋臼假体无松动。根据Harris标准评价骨水泥型股骨假体固定,1例为A级,9例为C级。根据Engh等标准评价非骨水泥型股骨假体的固定,18例均评价为骨长入。3例髋关节术后6个月复查时发现异位骨化,BrookerⅡ级2例,Ⅲ级1例。结论髋关节置换术是老年患者股骨转子间骨折内固定治疗失败后的一种有效挽救选择。     

Changing indications for revision total hip arthroplasty

This was a retrospective review of two cohorts of 100 consecutive revisions performed 10 years apart by one surgeon, to determine the major reason for reoperation. For the early cohort, the indications for revision were: loosening of both components (38%), loosening of acetabular component (22%), loose hemiarthroplasty (13%), infection (10%), loosening of femoral component (8%), periprosthetic fracture (6%), recurrent dislocation (2%), and wear (1%). For the recent cohort, the indications for revision have significantly changed: loosening of acetabular component (24%), loosening of femoral component (22%) (p = .0048), recurrent dislocation (16%) (p = .0011), loosening of both components (15%) (p = .0002), wear-osteolysis (7%) (p = .03), infection (7%), loose hemiarthroplasty (6%), and periprosthetic fracture (3%). There has been a change in the indications for revision hip arthroplasty compared with 10 years ago, with a statistically significant increase in revisions for dislocation, wear-osteolysis, and loosening of the femoral component only.     

Total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty in mobile, independent patients with a displaced intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck. A randomized, controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty are commonly used to treat displaced intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck, but each has disadvantages and the optimal treatment of these fractures remains controversial. METHODS: In the present prospectively randomized study, eighty-one patients who had been mobile and lived independently before they had sustained a displaced fracture of the femoral neck were randomized to receive either a total hip arthroplasty or a hemiarthroplasty. The mean age of the patients was seventy-five years. Outcome was assessed with use of the Oxford hip score, and final radiographs were assessed. RESULTS: After a mean duration of follow-up of three years, the mean walking distance was 1.17 mi (1.9 km) for the hemiarthroplasty group and 2.23 mi (3.6 km) for the total hip arthroplasty group, and the mean Oxford hip score was 22.3 for the hemiarthroplasty group and 18.8 for the total hip arthroplasty group. Patients in the total hip arthroplasty group walked farther (p=0.039) and had a lower (better) Oxford hip score (p=0.033) than those in the hemiarthroplasty group. Twenty of thirty-two living patients in the hemiarthroplasty group had radiographic evidence of acetabular erosion at the time of the final follow-up. None of the hips in the hemiarthroplasty group dislocated, whereas three hips in the total hip arthroplasty group dislocated. In the hemiarthroplasty group, two hips were revised to total hip arthroplasty and three additional hips had acetabular erosion severe enough to indicate revision. In the total hip arthroplasty group, one hip was revised because of subsidence of the femoral component. CONCLUSIONS: Total hip arthroplasty conferred superior short-term clinical results and fewer complications when compared with hemiarthroplasty in this prospectively randomized study of mobile, independent patients who had sustained a displaced fracture of the femoral neck.     

Long-term survivorship of cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty for fracture of the femoral neck

Cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty commonly is used to treat displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients. The purpose of the current study was to review the results and survivorship of 212 bipolar hemiarthroplasties done in 205 patients for acute femoral neck fracture between 1976 and 1985. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 79 years (range, 61-100 years). The mean followup for the patients who were alive was 11.7 years (range, 5.3-16.8 years) and 5.8 years (range, 51 days-19.4 years) for the entire group. Ten hips (4.7%) were revised or removed: five for aseptic femoral component loosening, one for acetabular erosion, one for chronic dislocation, and three for infection. In living patients with surviving implants, 96.2% had no or slight pain. Ten-year survivorship free of reoperation for any reason was 93.6%, free of revision surgery for aseptic femoral loosening or acetabular cartilage wear was 95.9%, free of revision surgery for aseptic femoral loosening was 96.5%, and free of revision surgery for acetabular cartilage wear was 99.4%. Cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty for acute femoral neck fracture is associated with excellent component survivorship in elderly patients. The rate of complications was low, and the arthroplasty provided satisfactory pain relief for the lifetime of the majority of elderly patients.     

Conversion total hip arthroplasty: functional outcome in Egyptian population

Hemiarthroplasty has been successfully used for treatment of femoral neck fractures in the elderly. With increased demand being placed on the prostheses, some of them failed and had to be converted to total hip replacement. The aim of this study is to evaluate the result of conversion arthroplasty in Egyptian population. We report 47 patients who had conversion to total hip arthroplasty following failed hemiarthroplasty. There were 32 women and 15 men. The mean age was 64.3 years (range 54 to 83 years); the average follow-up was 44 months (range 24 to 84 months). The main indication for conversion was either acetabular erosion or stem loosening. Harris hip score improved from a mean of 40.9 points preoperatively to a mean of 86.0 points at the last follow-up. Ninety four percent of the patients had either excellent or good results. Eight patients had nine complications, but there were no instances of instability or loosening. Conversion total hip arthroplasty appears as an excellent management strategy for failed hemiarthroplasty.     

带翼加强杯Ⅰ期治疗髋臼合并同侧股骨颈骨折

目的探讨带翼加强杯在Ⅰ期全髋关节置换治疗髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折中的应用。方法对12例合并同侧股骨颈骨折的髋臼骨折行Ⅰ期全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)。伤后5~18 d接受THA,12例均采用带翼加强杯合并自体植骨行髋臼侧固定,股骨侧均采用生物型固定。根据Harris评分和X线片对其临床效果进行评估。结果 12例患者均得到随访,平均随访时间3年9个月(2年1个月~5年7个月)。2例出现异位骨化,无脱位,未见假体移位及透亮带,无再翻修病例。术后Harris评分平均90分,较术前平均改善51分。所有随访患者髋关节功能均有明显改善,随访期内未发现假体松动。结论应用带翼加强杯行Ⅰ期全髋关节置换术是治疗髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的有效方法,这种方法强调髋臼重建结构的稳定性,避免了切开复位内固定引起的股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症,能显著改善关节功能,避免多次手术,减少患者的精神和经济负担。     

Multi-centre study of cement-in-cement and in-cement femoral revision total hip arthroplasty using polished,stainless steel stems

BackgroundExposure of the acetabular component during revision total hip arthroplasty is often difficult and stems are often difficult to remove. Polished and tapered cemented stems are easily removed and can be easily reconstructed by either cement-in-cement or in-cement technique. This study was a retrospective review of the medium-term outcomes of revision total hip arthroplasty conducted with the Exeter stem fixed by cement-in-cement or in-cement method in four institutions.MethodsThis study included hips (n = 103) reconstructed by cement-in-cement or in-cement technique on the femoral side during revision total hip arthroplasty in four institutions between 2003 and 2015. The mean age at surgery was 71.1 years (range, 43–86 years), and the mean follow-up period was 5.6 years (range, 0–13 years).ResultsRevision arthroplasty was required for acetabular component complications in 69 hips, for dislocation in 25, for infection in eight, and for stem fracture in one hip. Re-revision was required in 10 hips for: infection (n = 6), acetabular component complications (n = 3), and dislocation (n = 1). No radiographic loosening, cement fractures, or osteolysis of the femoral components were observed. Ten-year survival rate was 99% with the endpoint of femoral revision surgery, and 100% with the endpoint of femoral aseptic loosening.ConclusionsThe medium-term outcomes of revision total hip arthroplasty on the femoral side conducted using the cement-in-cement or in-cement technique were favourable, with no cases of aseptic loosening. As long as the bone-cement interface remains robust, there is no need to remove all the cement, and the cement-in-cement or in-cement technique should be used for reconstruction.     

人工髋关节置换术后翻修术的临床分析

目的　对人工髋关节置换术后翻修的原因、治疗方法及疗效进行综合评价 ,以避免或减少翻修术的发生。方法　总结本院 1991～ 2 0 0 0年收治的人工髋关节置换术后翻修术病例 ,从翻修术的原因、治疗方法及疗效等方面进行系统的分析比较。结果　 10年间我院施行翻修术 98例。翻修术的原因以髋臼磨损为主 ,占 45 .92 %。其他依次为假体松动、感染、脱位、假体位置不良、柄远端股骨骨折和人工髋关节强直等 ,非假体松动原因而行翻修术 79例 ,占翻修病例总数的 80 .5 8%。 2次及以上翻修术的主要原因是习惯性脱位和感染。翻修术方式主要采用生物学固定。合并髋臼骨缺损 2 9例 ,股骨侧骨缺损 2 5例 ,自体或异体骨植骨修复骨缺损 2 5例。平均随访 63 .9个月 ,Harris评分翻修术后优良率 82 .2 8%。结论　翻修术的主要原因是髋臼磨损 ,多次翻修术的原因主要是假体习惯性脱位和感染。翻修术应以生物学固定为主。为避免或减少翻修术的发生和次数 ,在行初次人工关节置换术时 ,应严格掌握手术适应证 ,规范手术操作 ,减少术后并发症