应用聚合酶链反应检测南京地区TT病毒感染

目的：了解南京地区ＴＴ病毒感染情况。方法：采用巢式ＰＣＲ方法检测血甭标本中ＴＴＶ－ＤＮＡ。结果：１６３例病毒性肝炎患者血清标本中,ＴＴＶ－ＤＮＡ总检出率为２１．５％（３５／１６３）,其中甲型肝炎１３．３％（４／３０）,乙型肝炎２１．３（１６／７５）,丙型肝炎２０．０％（３／１５）,戊型肝炎５．３％（１／１９）,非甲－庚型肝炎４５．８％（１１／２４）。结论：南 地区丰硕 导致非甲－庚型肝炎的重要病因     

献血人群中SEN病毒感染的检测分析

目的：了解国内献血人群中一种新的比血传播病毒（SENV）感染的流行状况，方法：以SENV ORF1区核苷酸序列设计引物建立套式聚合酶链反应（nPCR）方法。采用多重PCR法对596份严自3个不同地区无偿和／或有偿献血标本进行SENV DNA（D和H亚型）检测，并对PCR阳性产物进行克隆后测序分析。结果：在体检合格的献血中，SENVDNA检出率为13．5％－21．0％在抗－HCV，HBsAg，抗－HIV，梅毒抗体阳性和ALT异常升高的献血中，SENV DNA检出率分别为35．0％、14．0％，60．0％、28．6％和31．3％，献血中SENV－D亚型等高于SENV－H亚型，不同地域献血SENV DNA检出率的差异无显性（P＞0．05），体检不合格献血（抗－HIV或抗－HCV阳性的SENV－D感染率显高于正常献血人群（P＜0．05）；6份严自不同个体和不同地域之间的SENV分离株部分基因组核苷酸的变异最高达11．9％，与标准标（AX025838）相比变异高达13．2％，结论：在国内献血人群中存在SENV感染。     

金华市人群TT病毒感染调查分析

输血传播病毒 ( transfusion- transmittedvirus,TTV)是 1 997年由日本学者 Nishizawa等首先报道 [1] ,是一种新的可经输血途径传播的DNA病毒 ,有明显的嗜肝性 [2 ] ,分布呈全球性 ,但其致病性仍存在争议 [3 ]。为了解本地区人群中TTV感染状况 ,笔者对不同人群进行 TTV DNA的分子流行病学调查 ,报告如下。材料与方法1　调查对象　从 2 0 0 0年 1 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 5月共调查了本地区 31 9人份血清标本 ,其中来自健康普查 1 41人 ;住院患者 1 78人 ,其中肝脏疾病 47人(包括肝癌 1人、重症肝炎 2人、肝硬化 9人、慢性肝炎 1 3人、急性肝…     

南通地区正常人群中TT病毒感染的初步调查

[目的]为了解TT病毒在南通地区正常人群中的感染状况。[方法]采用巢式PCR法，检测了518例南通地区ALT正常的健康人群和献血员中TT病毒的感染现状，其中献血员143例，正常人375例。[结果]518例正常的健康人群中有52例阳性，阳性率为10．0％；143名献血员中有13例TT病毒阳性，阳性率为9．1％(13／143)；正常人群中阳性率为10．4％(39／375)。两组比较无显著性差异。[结论]南通地区ALT正常的健康人群亦存在TT病毒感染，并呈健康携带者状态；献血员中也存在一定数量的感染者。     

内蒙地区慢性肝病患者中TT病毒感染的调查

自从有了能区分出甲、乙、丙、丁和戊型肝炎病毒的血清学和分子生物学方法后 ,经过广泛的筛选 ,人们发现仍有 10 %～2 0 %的慢性肝病原因不清 ,推断还有新的致病因子。1997年底 ,日本自治医大 Okamoto H.等又发现一种与 AL T升高相关的输血后非甲 -庚型肝炎病毒 ,命名为 TTV,其为一种无包膜DNA病毒 ,基因全长 3739个核甘酸 ,有两个开放读码框架(ORF1和 ORF2 ) ,分别编码 770个氨基酸和 2 0 2个氨基酸。本研究采用半巢式 PCR对内蒙地区不同人群中 TTV的感染情况进行筛查 ,来观察 TTV病毒的传播途径及致病性。1　对象和方法1.1　对…     

萍乡地区两株TTV分子克隆和核苷酸序列分析

目的探讨TTV感染与临床肝炎关系,分析TT病毒株基因结构特点。方法运用套式PCR方法,检测两例非甲～非庚型肝炎血清中TTV－DNA,克隆测定TTV部分基因序列,分析其基因变异情况。结果两侧有ALT异常,TTV－DNA克隆序列结果表明,与日本株（AB008394）同源性为75．4％和76．8％,与日本株（NA004）同源性为88．6％和83．8％,与中国深圳株（SZ11和SZ2）同源性分别是73．9％、83.2％、75.7％和74.3％。结论萍乡地区正常人群中存在TTV感染者,类似HBsAg的所谓“慢性携带状态”。在本地流行株可能是G2亚型,该研究对萍乡地区病毒性肝炎诊断和防治具有重要意义。     

ALT异常献血者中TT病毒感染的检测及序列分析

ＡＬＴ异常献血者中ＴＴ病毒感染的检测及序列分析５１８１０１深圳市宝安血站陈汝光黄呈辉军事医学科学院微生物流行病学研究所周育森王海涛ＴＴ病毒（Ｔ．Ｔｖｉｒｕｓ）［１］是在非甲－庚型肝炎病人中发现一种新的肝炎病毒，研究表明它与输血后肝炎有密切关系。为了解...     

深圳地区婴幼儿诺如病毒感染的分子流行病学检测及分析

目的了解深圳地区婴幼儿属于人类杯状病毒（HuCV）的诺如病毒（NoV）的感染状况并对NoV阳性病毒株进行基因型分析。方法采集连续2个秋冬季腹泻流行期间在深圳市儿童医院就诊的临床检验已排除寄生虫、细菌性腹泻和轮状病毒检测结果为阴性的3岁以下腹泻患儿粪便标本226例，应用分型引物RT-PCR法进行检测NoVGⅠ和GⅡ群，扩增产物通过1．5％琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定；部分阳性标本测序，结合GenBank参考株相应核苷酸序列进行进化和型别流行特点分析。结果深圳地区婴幼儿NoV阳性率为10．62％（24／226），检测出NoV阳性株GⅡ／4群18株，GⅡ／3群5株；7至24月龄为NoV高发年龄段。结论NoV是深圳地区婴幼儿冬季腹泻的重要病原体之一，流行株为NoV-GⅡ／4。     

非甲非戊型肝炎患者TT病毒感染的检测

目的 了解非甲非戊型肝炎患TT病毒感染状况。方法 采用套式PCR方法对44份临床诊断为急慢性非甲非戊型肝炎患的血清标本,进行TT病毒检测。结果 14例TTV-DNA阳性,检出率31．8％(14／44)。对TTV-DNA阳性标本的PCR产物进行克隆后测序,结果表明该序列与日本株相应位置核苷酸序列同源性为98％。结论 推测TT病毒可能为临床急慢性非甲非戊型肝炎病因之一。     

2010年天津市健康人群乙型病毒性肝炎病毒血清流行病学分析

目的了解2010年天津市不同年龄段的健康人群乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)感染或免疫状况。方法根据年龄段和职业,在全市16个区(县)中采取分层整群随机抽样方法确定目标人群,对目标人群采用统一的调查表,调查登记与HBV感染和乙肝疫苗免疫相关的信息。结果 1～59岁健康人群HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)、表面抗体(抗-HBs)和核心抗体阳性率分别为2.63%、47.63%和10.15%;HBsAg阳性率:男性3.52%、女性1.73%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.78,P<0.05),且随年龄的增长而逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.39,P<0.05);滨海三区最高(4.17%),市内六区最低(1.85%),地区间差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.59,P<0.05);农民最高(4.44%),<10岁儿童最低(0.38%)。抗-HBs阳性率:男性与女性基本一致,且随年龄的增长而显著降低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=302.06,P<0.05)。结论新抽样方法适于现时期入户采血难的形势,且研究结果同样具有代表性。     

TT virus genotype changes frequently in multiply transfused patients with hemophilia but rarely in patients with chronic hepatitis C and in healthy subjects

BACKGROUND: TT virus (TTV), a novel DNA virus, was originally thought to be transmitted by transfusion. However, nonparenteral transmission is recently suspected to be a major mode of transmission. To investigate the possibility of reinfection with TTV in multiply transfused patients and to evaluate the significance of transfusion transmission of TTV in patients with hemophilia, serial changes in TTV genotype were investigated in three groups. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Serial changes in TTV genotype were investigated in 16 multiply transfused patients with hemophilia, 16 age-matched patients with chronic hepatitis C, and 16 age-matched healthy subjects. RESULTS: Mixed infection with multiple TTV genotypes was common in all groups. However, changes in TTV genotype were frequent in patients with hemophilia (15/16; 93.8%) but rare in patients with chronic hepatitis C and in healthy subjects (each group: 1/16; 6.3%). CONCLUSION: Changes in TTV genotype were frequently observed in multiply transfused patients with hemophilia but not in patients with chronic hepatitis or in healthy subjects without risk of transfusion transmission. This difference may suggest that exposure to TTV or even reinfection occurs frequently in patients with hemophilia, which could be evidence of transfusion transmission of TTV in this population.     

病毒性肝炎患者中柯萨奇B组病毒的感染情况

目的：了解柯萨奇B组病毒（coxackie virus B,CVB)在病毒性肝炎中的感染情况。方法：用免疫酶法对203例各型肝炎组进行CVB1至6型免疫球蛋白G（IgG)检测，并与105例病毒性心肌炎组及正常对照组进行分析。结果：肝炎组阳性率（39．9％）高于正常对照组（13．4％），P＜0．005，而低于心肌炎组（53．3％），P＜0．025，B1－6型都有一定的检出率，且以各型交叉感染为主。结论：病毒性肝炎患者对CVB各型普遍易感，其致病性应引起重视与探讨。     

Incidence and clinical presentation of posttransfusion TT virus infection in prospectively followed transfusion recipients: emphasis on its relevance to hepatitis

BACKGROUND: A novel transfusion-transmissible human DNA virus, TT virus (TTV), has been discovered recently. An attempt was made to determine the incidence and clinical outcome of TTV infection in recipients of blood transfusion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Serial serum samples collected as part of a prospective study of posttransfusion hepatitis were examined for TTV DNA by a nested PCR assay. RESULTS: Among 150 adults undergoing cardiac surgery, posttransfusion specimens from 59 individuals were positive for TTV DNA. Pretransfusion sera were found to be positive in 13 of these individuals. Therefore, 46 (33.6%) of the 137 previously uninfected patients developed new TTV viremia after transfusion. Among the 46 patients, 3 were coinfected with HCV, 5 were coinfected with HGV, and 38 were infected with TTV alone. No apparent symptoms or signs were noted in the 38 patients infected by TTV alone or the 5 infected with HGV plus TTV. The average peak serum ALT activity was 31 IU per L, with persistently normal levels in 34 of the 38 patients with TTV infection alone. In 8 other patients who subsequently developed well-documented non-A-G hepatitis, 3 were positive for TTV (3/8 vs. 46/137, p = 0.8). In 12 patients followed for more than 1 year, TTV viremia persisted in every case. CONCLUSION: In this population, TTV is transmitted by transfusion to approximately 30 percent of patients who undergo cardiac surgery. Most of the infections appear to become persistent. Despite the high prevalence rate, TTV does not appear to cause hepatitis on its own.     

Molecular detection and sequence analysis of hepatitis E virus in patients with viral hepatitis from North India

Viral hepatitis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for both sporadic and epidemic outbreaks of viral hepatitis in India. Here a total of 843 samples were collected: 685 from patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH), 70 from patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), 53 from patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), 11 from patients with antituberculosis therapy (ATT)–induced jaundice, and 24 from pregnant women. When tested for anti-HEV IgM, 58.3% of the pregnant women, 41.4% of the patients with FHF, 38.6% of the patients with AVH, 9.4% of the patients with CLD, and 18.2% of the patients with ATT-induced jaundice tested positive. We found that 34% and 16% of the acute hepatitis patients and fulminant hepatitis patients, respectively, showed no reactivity to the existing viral hepatitis markers and were thus grouped as non A to E. Among the HEV IgM–positive cases, males outnumbered females (62.8% versus 37.1%). HEV RNA was found in 35% of fulminant and 9.4% of acute hepatitis patients. From phylogenetic analysis, we observed that all the isolates were clustered within genotype 1. Critical analysis placed the acute isolates along with strains under subtype Ia, while the fulminant isolates clustered along with the FHF strain (X98292) under subtype Ic. The segregation of HEV isolates from AVH and FHF patients into different subtypes raises interesting questions on the molecular basis of HEV disease severity.     

83例静脉药瘾者的TT病毒感染状况

目的：调查静脉药瘾者中ＴＴ病毒（ＴＴＶ）的感染状况。方法：在ＴＴ病毒开放读码框（ＯＲＦ）１保守区设计引物,建立巢式ＰＣＲ,检测８３例静脉药瘾者和１０５名献血员血清中ＴＴＶ ＤＮＡ。结果：８３例静脉药瘾者中３３例ＴＴＶ ＤＮＡ阳性,阳性率为４０％,而献血员的阳性率为１１％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：静脉药瘾者是ＴＴ病毒感染的高危人群,不洁注射是感染ＴＴ病毒的重要途径。     

Roles of TT virus infection in various types of chronic hepatitis

An unenveloped single-stranded virus, which might be a causative agent for posttransfusion non-A-G hepatitis, was recently found and named "TT virus" (TTV). There is still controversy over the role of TTV in chronic hepatitis. Therefore, we have examined the prevalence of TTV in various types of chronic hepatitis in Japan. TTV DNA was detected in 11 of 40 patients (27.5%) with non-B, non-C chronic hepatitis, 13 of 46 patients (28.3%) with type B chronic hepatitis, 21 of 55 patients (38.2%) with type C chronic hepatitis, and 41 of 131 subjects (31.3%) with normal liver function tests. The positivity rate for TTV DNA tended to increase with age. The detection rate did not differ statistically between non-B, non-C chronic hepatitis and type B or type C chronic hepatitis, or normal subjects. The distribution of TTV genotypes was not significantly different among them. Clinical characteristics of the chronic illness were similar for patients with or without TTV in all hepatitis groups. The etiologic role of TTV in chronic hepatitis is not confirmed from the statistical and clinical standpoint.     

Frequency of hepatitis G virus and transfusion-transmitted virus infection in type II diabetes mellitus

The hepatitis G virus (HGV) and transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) are recently defined hepatitis viruses that the pathogenic roles in liver diseases are still not clear. It has been well known that some hepatitis virus, such as hepatitis C, might have an affinity to pancreatic islet cells. To investigate the relationship between the newly defined hepatitis viruses and diabetes mellitus (DM), we studied the prevalence of TTV and HGV in a type 2 diabetic patient population. Serum samples of 60 patients with DM and 45 healthy volunteers as control were taken. HGV RNA and TTV DNA was investigated by polymerase chain reaction. HGV was detected in none of diabetic patients (0%) and only one in control group (2.2%). However, TTV DNA was detected in 16 patients with DM (26%) and in five controls (11%). TTV was more prevalent in diabetic patients, but the difference between groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). These results revealed that TTV is more common in diabetic patients than in controls. At present, we don't know if this result is only a coincidence or a sign of potential association between TTV and DM. Further studies are certainly needed to elucidate a potential relationship.     

病毒性肝炎患者中柯萨奇B组病毒的感染情况调查

目的了解柯萨奇B组病毒(coxackie virus B, CVB)在病毒性肝炎中的感染情况.方法用免疫酶法对203例各型肝炎组进行CVB 1至6型免疫球蛋白G(IgG)检测,并与105例病毒性心肌炎组及正常对照组进行分析.结果肝炎组阳性率(39.9%)高于正常对照组(13.4%),P<0.005,而低于心肌炎组(53.3%),P<0.025,B1～6型都有一定的检出率,且以各型交叉感染为主.结论病毒性肝炎患者对CVB各型普遍易感,其致病性应引起重视与探讨.     

TT virus(TTV) infection in patients with acute hepatitis]

A novel DNA virus, TT virus(TTV), has been reported in patients with posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. However association between TTV and acute hepatitis has not been shown. We investigated the prevalence of TTV in acute hepatitis. TTV-positive rates in acute hepatitis A, B, C, cytomegalovirus infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and acute hepatitis of unknown etiology were 15.3%, 21.8%, 60.0%, 0%, 10.0%, 22.6%, respectively. There were no significant differences in TTV prevalence between each etiology and healthy blood donors(20.8%). Clinical data were similar between patients with or without TTV. In this study we could not find any difference in the prevalence of TTV between acute hepatitis with known etiologies and that with unknown etiology. TTV did not affect the clinical features of acute hepatitis with known etiologies.