黄体酮对鼠脑外伤后脑组织炎性信号因子表达的干预作用

目的 观察黄体酮对脑外伤后脑组织内炎症反应信号转导因子核因子-κB(NF-κB)、炎症细胞因子如肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)水平的影响,探讨其对创伤性脑外伤(TBI)继发性脑损伤的保护作用及可能的作用机制.方法 采用Freeney法造成大鼠脑挫裂伤模型,在伤后1、3、5、7天不同时相点用ELISA法、免疫组化法分别检测4组大鼠脑组织中NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-1β水平的变化.结果 伤后注射黄体酮治疗组脑组织NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-1β 3种炎性因子水平均比脑创伤组低(P＜0.05).结论 注射黄体酮能降低脑外伤后炎性信号因子表达,减轻脑外伤后脑组织的炎症反应,对脑组织起一定的保护作用.     

核因子-κB与腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡大鼠全身炎症反应综合征的关系

目的探讨腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡大鼠全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）发生时核因子-κB（NF-κB）的活性与SIRS的关系。方法采用腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡大鼠致伤模型并诱发SIRS。酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测血肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平,免疫组化技术检测NF—κB在外周血淋巴细胞（PBL）和小肠组织中的活性。结果腹部开放伤后海水浸泡1小时,大鼠出现SIRS;血TNF—α、IL-6水平升高;免疫组化显示大鼠PBL和小肠组织中NF-κB表达的阳性率显著升高,与对照组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡可致大鼠SIRS,NF-κB和细胞因子参与了SIRS的发生、发展。NF-κB的激活介导了TNF—α、IL-6等细胞因子的释放,在SIRS中可能处于中心环节。     

β-七叶皂甙对脑损伤大鼠脑组织核因子-κB活性与肿瘤坏死因子-α蛋白表达的影响

目的　研究β-七叶皂甙(β-aescin)对大鼠急性脑损伤后脑组织核因子-κB(NF-κB)活性和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)蛋白表达的影响。　方法　62只SD大鼠采用自由落体致伤法制作脑外伤模型,随机分成四组: (1)假手术对照组(A); (2)创伤组(B); (3)β-七叶皂甙治疗组(C); (4)吡咯烷二硫基甲酸酯(PDTC)治疗组(D)。每组分别在术后6, 24h和3d三个时相点收取脑组织标本,采用凝胶电泳迁移率分析(EMSA)测定脑组织NF-κB活性;放射免疫法测定脑组织TNF-α蛋白水平,并测定脑组织含水量及进行病理形态学观察。　结果　与假手术对照组比较,大鼠脑损伤后脑组织NF-κB活性和TNF-α蛋白水平以及脑组织含水量显著增高(P<0. 01);与创伤组比较,β-七叶皂甙和PDTC治疗组脑组织NF-κB活性(P<0. 01 )、脑组织TNF-α蛋白水平(P<0. 01)及脑组织含水量(P<0. 05)均显著降低。　结论　β-七叶皂甙可以抑制NF-κB活化,下调TNF-α蛋白表达,从而减轻脑水肿。这可能是β-七叶皂甙治疗创伤性脑水肿的分子生物学作用机制之一。     

NF-κB在大鼠颅脑损伤后表达水平与细胞凋亡的关系

目的 探讨颅脑损伤后不同阶段NF-κB及其下游炎症因子与神经元凋亡的共变关系及可能的机制. 方法采用随机数字表法将大鼠分为颅脑损伤组、颅脑损伤+吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸盐(PDTC)组和假手术对照组,并在处理后6,24,168 h分别用免疫组化、RT-PCR、TUNEL法测定脑组织NF-κB、TNF-α和神经元凋亡水平. 结果在颅脑损伤后急性、亚急性期,颅脑损伤组损伤灶周围脑组织中NF-κB、TNF-α较假手术对照组和PDTC组表达明显增高,与神经元凋亡指数呈正相关;在颅脑损伤晚期颅脑拟伤组损伤灶周围脑组织中NF-κB、TNF-α表达有所下降,但仍高于假手术对照组和PDTC组,与神经元凋亡指数呈负相关. 结论 NF-κB和下游炎症因子可能在颅脑损伤后急性、亚急性期有促进神经元凋亡作用,在慢性期有抑制神经元凋亡作用.     

谷氨酰胺对大鼠脑损伤后肠组织炎性信号因子表达的影响

目的 研究大鼠创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)后炎性因子在急性肠黏膜损害中的作用,探讨谷氨酰胺(glutamine,Gln)保护肠黏膜结构和屏障功能的可能机制.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠分为对照组、TBI后1,3,5,7 d组和谷氨酰胺干预组,每组6只.应用免疫组化方法测定肠组织中NF-κB的活性,ELISA法测定肠组织中TNF-α、IL-1β的浓度.结果 大鼠TBI后回肠组织中NF-κB活性明显升高,伤后3 d达到峰值,伤后第7天仍保持在较高水平.肠组织IL-1β、TNF-α峰值均出现在伤后1 d,伤后3 d仍保持在较高水平.经胃肠内注入Gln后,NF-κB的活性及TNF-α、IL-1β的浓度与脑损伤后正常进食组比较有明显下降.结论 TBI可引起小肠NF-κB即刻且持久的活性增加以及炎性细胞因子浓度的增高,细胞因子介导的炎性反应可能在急性肠黏膜损害中起重要作用.胃肠内补充谷氨酰胺,可以抑制伤后肠组织NF-κB的活性,降低肠组织炎性细胞因子的浓度.谷氨酰胺可能通过抑制创伤后肠组织的炎症反应来达到保护应激状态下的肠黏膜屏障功能.     

安宫牛黄注射液对大鼠脑外伤后炎性反应的干预作用

目的观察安宫牛黄注射液对脑外伤后脑内炎性反应因子白细胞介素（IL）-1β、细胞间黏附分子（ICAM）-1、血清S100B蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平的影响，探讨其对外伤脑组织的保护作用。方法采用Feeney法造成鼠脑挫裂伤模型，在伤后不同时相点用酶联免疫法检测治疗组和对照组脑组织IL—1β、ICAM—1水平、血清S100B蛋白和NSE水平变化。结果除外IL-6β伤后6h外，伤后6—48h治疗组脑组织IL—1β、ICAM—1、血清S100B蛋白和NSE均比对照组低（P〈0．05）。结论安宫牛黄注射液能减轻脑外伤后脑组织的炎症反应，对脑组织起一定的保护作用。     

肝移植术后外周血中核因子-κB和肿瘤坏死因子α水平观察

目的：观察肝移植术后外周血中核因子-κB（BF-κB）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平。方法：采用实时荧光定量逆转录PCR技术和双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法测定肝硬化晚期20例（观察组）接受肝移植术前1h,术后1h、12h、24h、36h及72h外周血中NF-κB、TNF-α水平,并与健康成年人10例（对照组）外周血中NF-κB和TNF-α水平比较。结果：观察组外周血中NF-κB和TNF-α水平均高于移植术前1h和对照组,两组比较差异非常显著（P〈0.01）;术后24h内NF-κB和TNF-α水平呈上升趋势,24h后呈下降趋势,72hNF-κB和TNF-α水平仍显著高于术后1h（P〈0.05）。术后NF-κB和TNF-α水平呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）。结论：外周血中NF-κB和TNF-α水平在肝移植术后呈现升高,24h后呈下降的趋势。     

高压氧治疗对脑损伤大鼠脑组织中白细胞介素-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α含量的影响

目的 观察重度侧位液压撞击脑损伤SD大鼠在高压氧治疗前后损伤灶局部脑组织中白细胞介素（IL）-1β和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α的含量变化，以探讨高压氧治疗创伤性脑损伤可能的作用机制。方法应用液压撞击仪建立重度创伤性脑损伤模型，用ELISA方法检测脑组织匀浆中IL-1β和TNF—α的含量。结果高压氧治疗后脑组织匀浆中IL-1β和TNF—α含量低于相应时间点损伤组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论高压氧治疗可能通过抑制IL-1β和TNF—α等炎症介质的表达，减轻创伤性脑损伤后的炎症反应。     

黄体酮对重度颅脑损伤患者血清TNF-α、IL-1β和预后的影响

目的探索黄体酮对重度颅脑损伤(TBI)患者血清中炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的影响及临床意义。方法将65例重度颅脑损伤(TBI)患者按完全随机分组方法分为对照组和黄体酮组。对照组行必要的神经外科处理及常规药物治疗;黄体酮组在上述治疗的基础上,加用黄体酮治疗1.0mg/(kg.d),连用3d。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测两组患者伤后第1、3、5天血清中TNF-α、IL-1β的含量。伤后3个月采用格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)对患者预后进行评估。结果伤后第1天TNF-α、IL-1β的含量黄体酮组和对照组无明显差异(P>0.05),均和正常对照组有差异(P<0.05)。伤后第3、5天,TNF-α、IL-1β的含量黄体酮组下降较对照组明显(P<0.05)。伤后3个月GOS评估结果显示,黄体酮组预后良好患者明显多于对照组(P<0.05)。结论黄体酮治疗颅脑损伤患者可以降低血清TNF-α、IL-1β含量,促进神经功能的恢复,提高临床疗效。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.