肝功能指标对脓毒症患者预后预测价值研究

目的探讨肝功能指标对脓毒症患者预后预测价值。方法选择2017年2月至2019年5月在山西医科大学第二临床医学院接受治疗的108例脓毒症患者进行回顾性分析。收集患者肝功能指标:谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、白蛋白(ALB)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、总胆红素(TBiL)、总胆汁酸(TTBA)及前白蛋白(PA)及APACHEⅡ评分。根据患者APACHEⅡ评分将其分为三组,15分者为A组,15～20分者为B组, 20分者为C组,对比各组患者肝功能指标。再根据患者28 d预后情况将其分为存活组与死亡组,对比各组患者肝功能指标。并将肝功能指标与APACHEⅡ评分进行相关性分析,以ROC曲线分析肝功能指标对脓毒症患者死亡的预测价值。结果不同APACHEⅡ评分患者GGT、PA水平对比差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),不同APACHEⅡ评分患者ALT、AST、TBiL及TBA水平差异具有统计学意义,且A组 B组 C组(P 0. 05);不同APACHEⅡ评分患者ALB与CHE水平差异均具有统计学意义,且A组B组C组(P 0. 05)。不同预后情况患者GGT、PA水平对比差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),生存组ALT、AST、TBiL、TBA及APACHEⅡ评分均明显低于死亡组,生存组ALB与CHE均明显高于死亡组(P 0. 05)。相关性分析结果显示,GGT、PA与APACHEⅡ评分不具有显著相关性(P 0. 05),ALT、AST、TBiL及TBA均与APACHEⅡ评分呈显著正相关关系(r 0,P 0. 05); ALB及CHE均与APACHEⅡ评分呈显著负相关关系(r 0,P 0. 05)。ROC分析结果显示肝功能指标中除GGT、PA对脓毒症患者死亡预测价值不具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)外,ALT、AST、ALB、CHE、TBiL及TBA对脓毒症患者死亡预测价值均具有统计学意义,且联合诊断可明显提高诊断敏感度及特异性(P 0. 05)。结论 ALT、AST、ALB、CHE、TBiL及TBA对脓毒症患者死亡具有较高的预测价值,且上述指标联合检测可提高预测的敏感度及特异性,临床上可通过检测上述指标以预测脓毒症患者预后,为治疗方案的选择提供参考依据。     

血清视黄醇结合蛋白 前白蛋白 总胆汁酸 胆碱酯酶检测在肝脏疾病中的临床意义

目的：探讨视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）、前白蛋白（PA）、总胆汁酸（TBA）、胆碱酯酶（CHE）在不同类型肝脏疾病中的临床价值。方法应用全自动生化分析仪分别检测110例不同类型肝脏疾病患者RBP、PA、TBA、CHE、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（ AST）水平,观察不同肝病组各项指标的变化,并与68名健康体检者（健康对照组）进行对比分析。结果重症肝炎组、肝硬化组及肝癌组中RBP、PA浓度显著低于健康对照组（ P＜0.01）;五组肝病患者TBA水平显著高于健康对照组（ P＜0.01）;重症肝炎组、肝硬化组及肝癌组中的CHE活力显著低于健康对照组（ P＜0.01）;急性病毒性肝炎组、重症肝炎组ALT、AST活力显著高于健康对照组（ P＜0.01）。结论检测血清RBP、PA、TBA、CHE对肝脏疾病的诊断、治疗和判断预后有一定的临床意义,在反映肝脏实质性病变程度方面优于ALT、AST。 ALT、AST检测同时联合RBP、PA、TBA、CHE检测能更好地反映肝脏功能。     

肝移植术后早期肝功能的动态变化及其对预后的价值

目的动态观察肝移植术后1周内肝功能的变化,明确变化规律及术式对其的影响,以筛选对判断预后有价值的指标。方法回顾性分析149例肝移植受者术前、术后1、3、7d时ALT、AST、总胆红素(TB)、直接胆红素(DB)及凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原的变化情况,采用logistic回归筛选与预后有关的指标。结果肝移植术后1个月内生存的患者在术后1周内肝功能呈单峰变化。术后1d,纤维蛋白原恢复;术后3d,PT、APTT恢复;术后7d,ALT、AST下降至正常值附近。术后1个月内死亡的患者胆红素出现双峰,PT、APTT高峰前移,各项指标恢复时间延迟。背驮式肝移植受者前期恢复慢于经典式受者,但在术后1周内两组均可恢复,且术式与预后无关。术后7d的AST水平,术前及术后1、3、7d的TB水平,术后1、3d的DB水平及术后1d的PT值与预后相关。结论肝移植术后1周内肝功能出现单峰改变,术后7d基本可恢复正常;肝移植术后1周内AST、TB、PT与术后早期预后相关。术后高峰形状及位置改变提示并发症的出现,对术后管理和判断预后有积极意义。     

常用血生化指标检测在各种肝病诊断中的应用

目的探讨血清ALT、AST、GGT、CHE、TBA、AFU、BMG和AFP检测在各种肝病诊断中的临床应用。方法选择本院住院的326例各种肝病患者和182例健康体检者,分别进行以上项目的检测,并对结果进行分析和统计学处理。结果急性肝炎组中ALT、AST、GGT、TBA、BMG升高与慢性肝炎组、肝硬化组和肝癌组有显著差异(P<0.05～0.01)。结论常用血生化指标的检测有助于肝脏疾病的鉴别诊断及病情的预后判断。     

应用ROC曲线评价酒精性肝病实验室诊断指标的价值

目的探讨缺糖转铁蛋白(CDT)和GGT、ALT、AST对酒精性肝病(ALD)的诊断价值。方法选取38例ALD患者,40例非酒精性肝病(NALD),40例嗜酒者和40例健康人用离子交换色谱与免疫比浊法结合检测CDT,使用TBA-120FR全自动生化分析仪检测GGT、AST、ALT,用ROC曲线进行分析。结果CDT诊断ALD的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.894,敏感性为0.821,特异性为0.797,而GGT这三者分别为0.804、0.800、0.633,ALT分别为0.533、0.314、0.541,AST分别为0.525、0.343、0.574。结论CDT、GGT对ALD的实验室诊断具有一定的价值,其中CDT优于GGT是最好的辅助诊断指标。     

肝病患者TBA、PA、Cys C、GLDH、CHE检测分析

目的探讨血清前白蛋白（PA）、总胆汁酸（TBA）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GLDH）、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C（CysC）和胆碱酯酶（CHE）联合检测在肝病患者中的变化和临床意义,为其诊断和治疗提供依据。方法 253例肝病患者分为急性肝炎（84例）、慢性肝炎（93例）、肝硬化（46例）、肝癌（30例）4组;56例健康体检者作为对照组,分别检测血清TBA、PA、CHE、GLDH、CysC浓度并进行对照分析。结果肝病患者各组患者PA、CHE浓度明显降低,以肝硬化和肝癌组最为明显;CysC、GLDH、TBA显著升高,依次为肝硬化组、慢性肝炎组、急性肝炎组,与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 PA、CHE变化反映各型肝炎早期肝细胞的损害程度。TBA、CysC、GLDH是各种肝病的敏感指标,对肝炎的早期诊断及预后判断有重要临床意义。     

45例酒精性肝病的临床研究

目的研究酒精性肝病(ALD)的临床特征,旨以早期诊断及治疗。方法样本为45例ALD,包括酒精性脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎及酒精性肝硬化。研究与饮酒相关的社会资料、病史、临床表现、血常规、肝功、血脂及血糖以及治疗后恢复情况,并设对照组比较。结果ALD组平均43·4±9·3岁;汉族、工人、持续饮白酒者居多;饮酒年限17·7±7·6年、折合乙醇量为164·1±71·7g/日。与对照组比较食少、消瘦、出血、肝大者明显增多;血清GGT、CHE、TP、ALB、TRIG含量以及PT明显异常;AST/ALT及GGT/ALP明显增高(P=0·000);经戒酒及治疗后恢复明显。结论本组ALD为北方、男性、饮酒量大的特点。与病毒性肝病比较,临床及实验室有一定的特征性表现。     

血清胆汁酸对不同病因所致肝硬化的诊断价值

目的分析不同病因肝硬化患者血清胆汁酸(TBA)水平与病因及肝功能各指标相关性,探讨血清TBA在不同类型肝硬化诊断中的价值。方法收集2017年1月至12月龙华医院肝病科肝硬化患者一般资料及生化检测指标,以病因分类,比较不同病因肝硬化患者TBA与各生化指标的相关性。结果全部肝硬化患者TBA与肝胆酸(CG)高度相关(r=0.72),与胆碱酯酶(CHE)、白蛋白(Alb)、前白蛋白(PA)普通负相关(r=-0.45,-0.48,-0.48),与总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)普通正相关(r=0.48, 0.49)。按病因亚组分类后,各亚组(除酒精性肝硬化)TBA与CG均高度正相关;乙肝肝硬化组TBA与PA中度负相关,与TBil、DBil中度正相关;原发性胆汁性肝硬化组TBA与PA、Alb、CHE中度负相关,与ALT、AST、TBil、DBil中度正相关;自身免疫性肝硬化组TBA与PA、Alb、CHE中度负相关;酒精性肝硬化组TBA与Alb中度负相关,与DBil中度正相关;血吸虫性肝硬化组TBA与γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)中度正相关,与碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、TBil、DBil高度正相关。结论 TBA可在一定程度上反映肝硬化患者肝脏合成及胆红素代谢状况,尤其是在原发性胆汁性肝硬化中具有较高的诊断价值,可反映肝脏合成、损伤及代谢等多项功能。     

HIV感染者肝功能损害的临床实验研究

研究HIV感染者肝功能损害情况 ,为临床治疗提供依据 ,对 2 8例HIV感染的静脉吸毒者、 3 4例HIV阴性的静脉吸毒者及 3 4例健康男性进行肝功能生化指标ALT ,AST ,m -AST ,GGT ,ALP ,TBA的检测 ,结果显示HIV感染组和吸毒组与对照组相比 ,ALT/AST/m -AST分别有统计学显著性差异 ,HIV感染组与吸毒组间ALT/AST/m -AST无统计学差异 (q检验 ,P >0 . 0 5 ) ,说明HIV为非嗜肝性病毒 ;静脉吸毒可导致肝功能损伤 ;ALT/AST/m -AST是反映静脉吸毒合并HIV感染者肝脏功能损害灵敏而有效的监测指标。     

35例自身免疫性肝病的临床特点与分析

目的分析比较三种自身免疫性肝病(ALD)的临床表现、血清学和病理学特点及诊断意义.方法回顾性总结昆明医学院第二附属医院2003～2005年35例自身免疫性肝病患者的临床资料.结果①临床表现:ALD以中年女性多见,自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)和原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)在年龄上有显著差异,PSC的发热症状较AIH和原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)明显,常伴有胆系感染;②实验室检查:AIH表现为球蛋白显著升高,同时AST、ALT及ALP、GGT升高显著,PSC的TB和DB水平最高,IgG在AIH、PSC中的浓度与PBC比较有显著性差异,明显增高.同时IgA在PSC中浓度与AIH、PBC比较有显著性差异,其浓度明显高于其它两种ALD,AIH患者ANA阳性检出率为75%,可能存在AIH-PSC重叠综合症,其发生率约占17.6%;③影像学检查:PSC患者100%有肝内、外胆管的僵硬、狭窄、变细或局部扩张;④病理学:共有6例行肝穿刺病理活检,病理结果提出明确诊断者2例(33.3%).结论ALD临床表现复杂多样但各有特点,血清免疫学及抗体检测有助于AIH与PBC的诊断和鉴别诊断,ERCP或MRCP有助于PSC的确诊,病理学检查的诊断价值有一定的局限性.     

Characteristics of peripheral blood Gamma-glutamyl transferase in different liver diseases

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a marker of oxidative stress and cholestasis. Because of its low specificity, clinicians usually ignore its diagnostic value.To compare and analyze the clinical features of GGT in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), drug-induced liver injury (DILI), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from the perspective of different causes instead of the severity of the disease.We observed the distribution characteristics and the rate of abnormality of GGT in the above 4 diseases. The relationship between GGT and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum bilirubin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was analyzed using Spearman correlation.The highest level of GGT was up to 1000.00 to 2000.00 U/L in PBC and DILI, and the highest level of GGT was more than 2000.00 U/L in ALD, yet the difference was not statistically significant (P > .05). The highest level of GGT was only about 200.00 U/L in NAFLD and was the lowest in 4 liver diseases. Also, GGT was positively correlated with ALP, TC in PBC and DILI. Also, in ALD, GGT was positively correlated with ALT, AST, ALP, TG, and TC. In NAFLD, GGT was positively correlated with ALT, AST, and TG.The abnormal GGT in PBC and cholestasis DILI was associated with cholestasis; in ALD, it was associated with oxidative stress and cholestasis, and in NAFLD, it was associated with oxidative stress. GGT levels had different characteristics in different liver diseases, which were closely related to the pathogenesis of liver diseases.     

Relationships among viral diagnostic markers and markers of liver function in acute hepatitis E

Background  Diagnosis of acute hepatitis E has been based in many clinics predominantly on detection of anti-HEV (hepatitis E virus) antibody. Now, new assays have been developed to detect other HEV markers. Our aim was to investigate the relationships among HEV diagnostic markers and liver function markers in acute hepatitis E. Methods  Seventy serum samples were collected from non-A, non-B, non-C acute hepatitis patients and tested for HEV markers (HEV antigen and RNA and anti-HEV IgM) and markers of liver function [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total iron binding capacity (TBA), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL)]. Partial open reading frame (ORF) 2 sequences from HEV RNA-positive samples were cloned and analyzed. Results  The concordances between HEV antigen and HEV RNA and between HEV antigen and anti-HEV IgM were 77.1% and 72.9%, respectively, with significant correlations, while that between HEV RNA and anti-HEV IgM was 61.4% with no significant correlation. Eleven of 25 samples negative for anti-HEV IgM were positive for HEV antigen. The ALT, AST, ALP, TBA, GGT, TBIL, and DBIL levels did not differ significantly between the anti-HEV IgM-positive and -negative groups. However, the ALT, AST, ALP, TBA, and GGT levels were significantly higher in the HEV antigen-positive group than in the HEV antigennegative group. All of the HEV isolates cloned belonged to genotype 4. Conclusions  HEV antigen was highly correlated with HEV RNA and elevated ALT, AST, ALP, TBA, and GGT levels. Testing for HEV antigen in combination with anti-HEV IgM is useful for the diagnosis of HEV infection.     

Enzyme pattern of biliary colic: A counterintuitive picture

AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of serial biochemical blood tests in the diagnosis of biliary colic.METHODS Files were reviewed of 1039 patients who were admitted to the Share'e Zedek Medical Center emergency department between the years 2012-2013, and received the coding of acute biliary disease. Of these, the first 100 cases were selected that met the following criteria:(1) a diagnosis of biliary colic or symptomatic cholelithiasis;(2) at least two biochemical blood tests performed; and(3) 18 years of age or older. Patients with other acute biliary diseases were excluded. The biochemical profile of the patients was analyzed as were their clinical and radiological findings.RESULTS Three-quarters of the patients were women, whose average age of 37 years was younger than the averageof the men, at 50 years. According to their histories, 47% of the patients had previously known cholelithiasis. Pain in either the right upper quadrant or the epigastrium was the presenting symptom in 93% cases. The greatest change in serum biochemical results was seen during the first day of the patients' admissions. Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) showed the highest initial rise above the reference range, followed by aspartate aminotransferase(AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT), bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase(ALKP)- all these increases were statistically significant(P 0.05). AST showed the sharpest decline followed by bilirubin and ALT. GGT and ALKP did not fall. A sharp rise and fall in liver enzymes, especially during the first day, most prominently in AST and ALT, was seen in 70% percent of cases. In 65% of cases trans-abdominal sonography did not give diagnostic findings.CONCLUSION Serial serum liver enzyme measurements are helpful in the initial diagnosis of acute biliary colic.     

健脾化湿祛瘀法治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者残留黄疸的临床研究

目的：探讨健脾化湿祛瘀法治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者残留黄疸的临床疗效。方法：将63例该病患者随机分为治疗组31例和对照组32例,均常规给予茴三硫（胆维他）片剂做基础治疗,治疗组患者在此基础治疗上加服健脾化湿祛瘀中药汤剂,观察两组患者治疗前后的肝功能指标：总胆红素（TBil）、直接胆红素（DBil）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、谷氨酰氨转移酶（GGT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）及临床症候（尿目黄染、乏力、胁痛等）的变化情况。结果：治疗后两组患者在肝功能指标、临床症候积分及总有效率方面比较,差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论：健脾化湿祛瘀法治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者残留黄疸有积极的疗效。     

Serum γ-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activity in Iranian healthy blood donor men

AIM： To determine serum γ-glutamyltransferase （GGT）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） activity, and to assess their correlation with demographic and clinical findings in healthy blood donors.
METHODS： This cross-sectional study was performed in 934 male blood donors, aged 18 to 68 years, who consecutively attended Tehran blood transfusion service in 2006. All participants were seronegative for HBV or HCV infections, non alcohol users, and all underwent a standard interview and anthropometric tests. Clinical and biochemical parameters including AST, ALT, and GGT activities were determined. Patients taking drugs known to cause hepatic fat deposition were excluded. For AST, ALT, and GGT variables, we used 33.33 and 66.66 percentiles, so that each of them was divided into three tertiles.
RESULTS： Mean AST, ALT, and GGT activities were 25.26 ± 12.58 U/L （normal range 5-35 U/L）, 33.13 ± 22.98 （normal range 5-35 U/L）, and 25.11±18.32 （normal range 6-37 U/L）, respectively. By univariate analyses, there were significant associations between increasing AST, ALT, or GGT tertiles and age, body weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences （P 〈 0.05）. By multiple linear regression analyses, ALT was found to be positively correlated with dyslipidemia （B = 6.988, P = 0.038）, whereas ALT and AST were negatively correlated with age. AST, ALT, and GGT levels had positive correlation with family history of liver disease （B = 15.763, P 〈 0.001）, （B = 32.345, P 〈 0.001）, （B =24.415, P 〈 0.001）, respectively.
CONCLUSION： Although we did not determine the cutoffs of the upper normal limits for AST, ALT, and GGT levels, we would suggest screening asymptomatic patients with dyslipidemia and also subjects with a family history of liver disease.     

Serum γ-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activity in Iranian healthy blood donor men

AIM: To determine serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and to assess their correlation with demographic and clinical findings in healthy blood donors.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in 934 male blood donors, aged 18 to 68 years, who consecutively attended Tehran blood transfusion service in 2006. All participants were seronegative for HBV or HCV infections, non alcohol users, and all underwent a standard interview and anthropometric tests. Clinical and biochemical parameters including AST, ALT, and GGT activities were determined. Patients taking drugs known to cause hepatic fat deposition were excluded. For AST, ALT, and GGT variables, we used 33.33 and 66.66 percentiles, so that each of them was divided into three tertiles.RESULTS: Mean AST, ALT, and GGT activities were 25.26 ± 12.58 U/L (normal range 5-35 U/L), 33.13 ± 22.98 (normal range 5-35 U/L), and 25.11 ± 18.32 (normal range 6-37 U/L), respectively. By univariate analyses, there were significant associations between increasing AST, ALT, or GGT tertiles and age, body weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences (P < 0.05). By multiple linear regression analyses, ALT was found to be positively correlated with dyslipidemia (B = 6.988, P = 0.038), whereas ALT and AST were negatively correlated with age. AST, ALT, and GGT levels had positive correlation with family history of liver disease (B = 15.763, P < 0.001), (B = 32.345, P < 0.001), (B =24.415, P < 0.001), respectively.CONCLUSION: Although we did not determine the cutoffs of the upper normal limits for AST, ALT, and GGT levels, we would suggest screening asymptomatic patients with dyslipidemia and also subjects with a family history of liver disease.     

Increased liver markers are associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes

AIM: To investigate the association between liver markers and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG).METHODS: A total of 8863 participants (3408 men and 5455 women) over 30 years of age were analyzed from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2011). The associations of serum liver markers such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST/ALT, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) with T2DM and IFG were analyzed using logistic regression models. Participants were divided into sex-specific quartiles on the basis of liver markers.RESULTS: The prevalence of T2DM and IFG were 11.3% and 18.3%. Increasing quartiles of ALT and GGT were positively and AST/ALT were negatively correlated with T2DM and IFG. Analysis of the liver marker combinations showed that if any two or more markers were in the highest risk quartile, the risks of both T2DM and IFG increased significantly. The risk was greatest when the highest ALT and GGT and lowest AST/ALT quartile were combined, with the risk of T2DM at 3.21 (95%CI: 1.829-5.622, P < 0.001) in men and 4.60 (95%CI: 3.217-6.582, P < 0.001) in women. Men and women with the highest AST and ALT and lowest AST/ALT quartile had a 1.99 and 2.40 times increased risk of IFG.CONCLUSION: Higher levels of GGT and ALT and lower AST/ALT within the physiological range are independent, additive risk factors of T2DM and IFG.