大学生踝关节扭伤的护理对策

运动损伤是指运动过程中发生的各种损伤,踝关节扭伤是常见运动损伤。其损伤部位与运动项目以及专项技术特点有关。大学生运动项目丰富,以篮球、足球为常见,踝关节活动较多,损伤几率高,以急性踝关节扭伤多见[1]。我院自2005年以来对大学生踝关节扭伤患者采用护理干预取得较好效果。     

青海4所高校大学生体育运动损伤情况调查分析

目的　研究大学生体育运动损伤发生的规律及特点 ,为更好地预防其发生提供参考依据。方法　问卷调查法。结果　运动损伤大部分发生在上课和课外活动时 ;发生最多的是关节韧带扭伤 ,最常发生的部位是踝关节 ;在众多的项目中 ,以篮球、田径、体操和足球居多 ;在引起运动损伤的原因中 ,最主要的是准备活动不合理和技术动作错误。结论　在体育运动的开展过程中 ,必须加强安全运动的教育 ,针对大学生运动损伤发生的规律和特点 ,采取有效的预防手段和方法 ,减少运动损伤的发生     

京万红软膏治疗陈旧性踝关节扭伤

<正>踝关节是人体在运动中首先与地面接触的主要的负重关节,也是日常生活和体育运动中较容易受损伤的关节之一。踝关节周围韧带(包括内侧韧带、外侧韧带、下胫腓韧带等)在保持踝关节的稳定性中发挥了重要的作用,因而也容易受到损伤。患者于扭伤后迅即出现扭伤部位的疼痛,随之出现肿胀及皮肤瘀斑,一般经对证处理     

单穴治疗踝关节扭伤的中医机理分析

正踝关节扭伤是骨伤科临床常见的软组织损伤,系踝关节韧带承受超出耐受范围的负荷拉力,肌肉、肌腱及骨结构之间的平衡被打破,进而出现的踝关节肌肉及韧带、肌腱的损伤,可由行走及运动损伤引起。如在早期失治甚至误治,可导致韧带重塑或过度松弛,使踝关节失稳而出现反复扭伤。若累及关节软骨面,则发生创伤性关节炎,严重者下肢行走功能受限,并留下后遗症。因此,应该重视踝关节扭伤的早期诊     

踝关节外侧副韧带损伤诊断治疗研究进展

踝关节扭伤在体育锻炼或者日常运动中属于非常常见的关节损伤状况,据统计,所有运动损伤中,踝关节损伤占30% .其中外侧副韧带出现问题的情况最多,外侧副韧带由距腓前韧带、后韧带以及跟腓韧带组成,运动过程中踝关节着地方式不正确是引发其受损的主要机制[1] .如果处理不当或治疗不及时,可能会使患者出现反复疼痛、肿胀、容易扭伤和疲劳等踝关节不稳的表现,最终导致踝骨性关节炎,影响脚踝正常功能.     

自制踝关节保护带的临床效果观察

踝部关节韧带损伤，是大学生参加体育运动中最常见的损伤，发病率约占各种损伤的26％，尤其是在篮球、排球、足球和田径等项目中最常见，传统的治疗方法是用弹性绷带做8字固定，配合物理和药物治疗：弹性绷带疗效是肯定的。在使用过程中存在一定的缺点，尤其是患者不愿接受。笔者采用弹性布料自制的保护带，治疗踝部关节韧带损伤，疗效十分明显，患者容易接受，现介绍如下：     

普通高校大学生运动损伤的调查与分析

目的 了解普通高校大学生运动损伤的状况,为有效地预防大学生运动损伤的发生提供科学依据.方法 对普通高校1～4年级389例在校本科生进行问卷调查,调查其在近一学年内运动损伤情况.结果 近一年内发生过运动损伤者225例,发生率为57.8%.运动损伤发生的时间主要是课外活动和体育课,分别占61.3%和29.8%.运动损伤的部位主要集中在踝关节、腿部、腰部、膝关节、手指和腕关节等部位,其中踝关节损伤129例,占57.3%.运动损伤类型以关节韧带扭伤、肌肉拉伤和软组织挫伤为主.运动损伤主要发生在对抗性较强的篮球、足球项目中.结论 普通高校大学生运动损伤的发生率较高,应加强对大学生特别是高年级学生的安全教育和自我保护教育,培养其掌握科学锻炼身体的方法.     

深圳市中学生运动创伤的初步调查

目的初步了解深圳市中学生运动创伤的相关情况。方法通过问卷结合查阅病历及查体的方式调查了303名中学生的运动创伤情况、创伤防护知识、运动创伤的影响因素等内容。结果受访者中,运动创伤发生率为40.26%,损伤多数发生在课余的运动与竞赛中。损伤性质以软组织擦伤挫伤、关节韧带扭伤及肌肉韧带拉伤为主;发生创伤的运动项目以篮球、足球与田径占前3位。课余自发运动与竞赛中仅37.08%进行热身运动,比学校体育课、运动队训练等进行热身运动(83.20%)的比例明显低。结论初步调查表明,中学生运动创伤仍较普遍,主要集中在课余的运动中;损伤以软组织擦伤挫伤、关节韧带扭伤及肌肉韧带拉伤为主。可以从加强课堂内外运动创伤防治知识的教育及加强运动组织等途径,着重预防中学生的运动创伤。中学生运动创伤中关节韧带扭伤需要重点防治。     

怎样治疗脚踝扭伤

在进行体育运动、劳动,或者在高低不平的路上行走以及上下楼梯不慎踏空时,都可能引起脚踝关节突然向内或向外翻转而发生脚踝扭伤。脚踝扭伤后,轻者可导致踝关节韧带拉长、扭伤,在脚踝处出现瘀血、肿胀和疼痛;重者则会造成韧带撕裂,甚至发生踝关节骨折,此时伤者不但无法行走,而且疼痛难忍。那么,脚踝扭伤后应该怎样治疗呢?     

保健按摩(八)

下肢保健按摩要下肢矫健,步履敏捷,活动自如,就特别需要下肢髋关节、膝关节、踝关节、趾关节经常活动,加强锻炼。经常采用拍、揉、拿、按等自我按摩手法,可消除疲劳,增强体力,提高下肢肌肉的耐力和韧带的柔韧性,加大关节的活动范围,防止劳损、扭伤。1.拍下肢。用两手掌心或掌根紧贴下肢上部,相对用力,由大腿拍向小腿,如此手法自上而下拍击约20～30次。每日1次。此法对缓解下肢疲劳、酸痛等均有较好效果。2.揉髌骨。下肢放松,以一手拇指指腹和食指屈成弓状,轻轻揉摩髌骨,一般2～3分钟为宜。每日1次。此法对膝关节的劳损和扭伤都有治疗和预防…     

宁夏地区高中、高校学校体育伤害事故现状分析

目的 了解宁夏地区2009-2011年度学校体育伤害发生的现状.方法 通过对宁夏银北地区、银川地区和宁南地区的5所普通高校和12所高级中学在校学生进行访谈、调查,并以学校体育伤害发生的频率、项目及原因等因素进行分析.结果 50%以上的学生都受到过不同程度的体育伤害事故,体育伤害事故发生的项目主要集中在篮球、足球、排球;43.0%体育伤害事故事件,主要发生在学生在课外体育活动期间; 学校体育伤害事故的致因主要有自身因素、教学因素、场地器材和自然环境等.结论 学校应该从思想上重视体育伤害事故事件的发生,在体育实践操作中加强防范意识,以减少该地区体育伤害事故发生的频率.     

Traumatic brain injury in high school athletes.

CONTEXT: The potential seriousness of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is increasingly recognized; however, information on the frequency of MTBI among high school athletes is limited. OBJECTIVE: To identify the type, frequency, and severity of MTBI in selected high school sports activities. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred forty-six certified athletic trainers recorded injury and exposure data for high school varsity athletes participating in boys' football, wrestling, baseball and field hockey, girls' volleyball and softball, boys' and girls' basketball, and boys' and girls' soccer at 235 US high schools during 1 or more of the 1995-1997 academic years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of reported MTBI, defined as a head-injured player who was removed from participation and evaluated by an athletic trainer or physician prior to returning to participation. National incidence figures for MTBI also were estimated. RESULTS: Of 23566 reported injuries in the 10 sports during the 3-year study period, 1219 (5.5%) were MTBIs. Of the MTBIs, football accounted for 773 (63.4%) of cases; wrestling, 128 (10.5%); girls' soccer, 76 (6.2%); boys' soccer, 69 (5.7%); girls' basketball, 63 (5.2%); boys' basketball, 51 (4.2%); softball, 25 (2.1%); baseball, 15 (1.2%); field hockey, 13 (1.1%); and volleyball, 6 (0.5%). The injury rates per 100 player-seasons were 3.66 for football, 1.58 for wrestling, 1.14 for girls' soccer, 1.04 for girls' basketball, 0.92 for boys' soccer, 0.75 for boys' basketball, 0.46 for softball, 0.46 for field hockey, 0.23 for baseball, and 0.14 for volleyball. The median time lost from participation for all MTBIs was 3 days. There were 6 cases of subdural hematoma and intracranial injury reported in football. Based on these data, an estimated 62816 cases of MTBI occur annually among high school varsity athletes participating in these sports, with football accounting for about 63% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of MTBI vary among sports and none of the 10 popular high school sports we studied is without the occurrence of an MTBI. Continued involvement of high school sports sponsors, researchers, medical professionals, coaches, and sports participants is essential to help minimize the risk of MTBI.     

Sports injuries and adolescent athletes

A one-year study was undertaken investigating adolescent sports injury experiences at a major sports clinic in the state of Delaware. A total of 619 athletes sustained 870 injuries, for an overall injury rate of 1.4 injuries per athlete. The largest number of injuries was recorded in football (40.2 percent), followed by boys' soccer, wrestling, baseball and girls' basketball. Severity of injury was measured by the number of days lost per injury. Cheerleading had the highest average days lost per injury (28.8), followed by girls' basketball, wrestling, boys' cross-country and girls' tennis. Inflammation, fractures and dislocations comprised 50.6 percent of all the injuries, while 50.5 percent of the injuries were located in the knee, thigh, and shoulder. Twenty-seven of the 870 injuries required surgery.     

Knee stability and knee ligament injuries.

Controversy exists on the relationship of knee ligament stability to knee injuries. Subjective evaluation of joint tightness or looseness has been proposed as a criterion for prescribing selective corrective strengthening or stretching exercises. Biomechanical studies of knee ligament stability were performed on 401 college football players from 1969 to 1971. Forty-three knee ligament injuries occurred during this period of time, 19 (44.2%) in "loose-jointed" players and 24 (55.8%) in "tight-jointed" players. Joint laxity tests were performed on 72 college football players; the distribution of college football players failing to perform each of the tests was quite different from that reported for professional football players. There was no relationship between the subjective joint laxity tests and the objective biomechanical tests of knee ligament stability. We conclude that it is not possible to predict knee injuries by subjective evaluations of joint laxity or by objective biomechanical knee ligament evaluations and that exercise programs based on subjective studies are therefore not sound.     

大学生排球运动损伤特点及预防措施

目的探讨高校大学生排球运动损伤特点,提出预防和处理措施。方法采用问卷调查法和数理统计法,对381名排球运动大学生的损伤状况进行调查研究。结果大学生排球运动损伤部位以膝、肩、踝、手腕最为常见;损伤性质以肌肉拉伤、韧带损伤为主;预防措施包括加强思想教育,做好合理的准备活动、规范技术动作等。结论排球运动损伤的发生与人体解剖特点和专项技术要求有密切的关系;运动损伤发生后,应该停止运动、立刻休息,处理应遵循休息、冰敷、压迫及抬高患处的原则。     

35例高校篮球运动员膝部损伤分析

目的 探讨大学生运动员膝部损伤的机制及损伤原因，提出预防损伤的措施。方法 对锦州市三所高校35例篮球运动员进行问卷调查。结果 内侧副韧带损伤9例(25．71％)，半月板损伤10例(28．57％)，髌骨劳损8例(22．86％)。结论 膝关节损伤同篮球运动的特殊技术要求有密切关系，训练应有针对性，加强医务监督。     

Concussion in sports. Guidelines for the prevention of catastrophic outcome

Concussion (defined as a traumatically induced alteration in mental status, not necessarily with loss of consciousness) is a common form of sports-related injury too often dismissed as trivial by physicians, athletic trainers, coaches, sports reporters, and athletes themselves. While head injuries can occur in virtually any form of athletic activity, they occur most frequently in contact sports, such as football, boxing, and martial arts competition, or from high-velocity collisions or falls in basketball, soccer, and ice hockey. The pathophysiology of concussion is less well understood than that of severe head injury, and it has received less attention as a result. We describe a high school football player who died of diffuse brain swelling after repeated concussions without loss of consciousness. Guidelines have been developed to reduce the risk of such serious catastrophic outcomes after concussion in sports.     

篮球运动对辽宁省某大学新生焦虑症状的缓解作用

目的：观察篮球锻炼对大学新生焦虑症状的影响,寻找治疗干预大学生焦虑情绪的有效方法,以促进大学生身心健康.方法：对131名大学生进行焦虑自评,按照评分大小筛选前30名男生和前30名女生;按奇、偶数顺序分为篮球锻炼试验组与无篮球锻炼对照组;试验组进行12周,45分/次,1次/天,2天/周的篮球锻炼,对照组无此项干预;比较试验组与对照组前后焦虑指数变化.结果：试验组焦虑指数试验前后相比有明显改善,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组焦虑指数试验前后相比无显著性变化.试验组与对照组在试验后进行比较,焦虑指数有改善,具有显著性差异;试验组的焦虑分级在试验后有显著改善（P=0.03）.结论：篮球锻炼是一种方便可行且效果明显的缓解与消除大学生焦虑的方法,建议在大学生教学过程中积极推广,从而提高大学生心理健康.     

医学生对新型冠状病毒肺炎防控知识的知晓度调查

目的 调查医学生对新型冠状病毒肺炎防控知识的知晓度情况,了解医学生新型冠状病毒肺炎的防控意识,为后续开展健康教育提供理论支撑。方法 对589名来自韶关学院医学院的在校医学生通过微信联合问卷星问卷调查平台的方式采用自制的问卷“关于对流行性疾病防控知识的认知程度（以新型冠状病毒肺炎为例）”进行新型冠状病毒肺炎防控知识知晓度现况调查。对新型冠状病毒基本认知问题答案进行赋分后,采用t检验来比较不同性别的基本认知情况。结果 医学生新型冠状病毒肺炎的知晓度总体情况令人满意,且没有性别差异。对于少出门、戴口罩是有效防控措施的同意率高达100%和97.79%,并且绝大多数（87.93%）学生主动学习正确戴口罩的方法。结论 医学生对新型冠状病毒肺炎防控意识较好,政府及学校对新型冠状病毒肺炎防控知识的宣传教育及时有效。     

有关全膝关节置换术的新观点

膝关节是人体最大最复杂的关节,严重病变的膝关节通常采用全膝置换术进行治疗。随着膝关节置换成为普遍的手术,与膝关节置换相关的研究也越来越多被人们关注。通过对近期有关文献资料的复习,从初次全膝关节置换的指征,生物学角度预防置换手术的失败,微创外科、计算机辅助导航技术的应用,以及加强围手术期干预等几方面进行综述。同时,指出人工膝关节置换术目前存在的问题,并对其未来的发展方向进行一定的预测。