自体髓核移植后大鼠腰髓背角痛觉相关物质的变化

目的 :探讨腰椎间盘突出症相关腰腿痛发病的可能机制。方法 :在大鼠的硬膜外腔移植自体髓核 ,然后通过免疫组化的方法测定大鼠L4～ 6脊髓后角中CGRP和SP的变化。结果 :在硬膜外腔移植自体髓核后 ,L4～ 6节段脊髓背角浅层中CGRP和SP阳性神经纤维终末的面积也明显增加 ,统计学分析证实与对照组相比较有显著性差别 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :髓核本身的自身免疫和 /或生物化学炎症反应在腰椎间盘突出症相关的腰腿痛中起到重要的作用     

米帕林对硬膜外移植自体髓核大鼠疼痛相关行为的影响

目的：探讨与椎间盘突出相关的腰腿痛的发病机制。方法：通过硬膜外置管的方法给硬膜外移植自体髓核的大鼠注射生理盐水及阿的平,并对其疼痛相关行为进行了观察。结果：大鼠硬膜外移植自体髓核后能产生明显的疼痛相关行为,注射生理盐水后疼痛相关行为无明显改善,在注射阿的平后,大鼠的疼痛相关行为明显改善,与髓核移植组比较,在术后3－9d有显著性区别。结论：磷脂酶A2在腰椎间盘相关性腰腿痛的发病机制中起重要的作用,研制有效的磷脂酶A2抑制剂能进一步提高腰腿痛的治疗。     

硬膜外腔植入髓核对大鼠脊髓背根神经节SP和CGRP表达的影响

目的 观察硬膜外腔植入异体髓核对大鼠L6-S1,脊髓背根神经节细胞SP和CGRP表达的影响,以期为椎间盘源性疼痛发病机制提供细胞生物学基础.方法 18只雄性SD大鼠(体重260-280g)随机分为三组:脂肪组、髓核组、假手术组,每组n=6.另外3只雄性SD大鼠用来提供异体脂肪和髓核.术后第30d取L4-L6脊髓背根神经节和脊髓背角,采用免疫组织化学染色方法 观察髓核对脊髓背角和背根神经节细胞肽类神经递质SP和CGRP表达的影响.结果 术后30d脂肪组大鼠与假手术组相比,脊髓背角和背根神经节细胞SP和CGRP表达没有显著性差异(P>0.05);髓核组与脂肪组和假手术组相比脊髓背角和背根神经节细胞SP和CGRP表达显著增加(P<0.05).结论 硬膜外腔植入异体髓核可引起脊髓背根神经节细胞SP和CGRP表达增加.     

腰椎间盘源性疼痛机理的临床研究

目的 :分析腰椎间盘突出症病人的临床症状、体征与椎间盘和神经根大体病理形态改变的关系 ,临床症状、体征和椎间盘突出类型与髓核中炎症介质 (磷脂酶A2 )水平的关系以及临床症状、体征和椎间盘突出类型与脑脊液 (以下简称CSF)中神经肽类递质变化的关系。从临床角度探讨腰椎间盘突出症疼痛机理。材料与方法 :分析161例腰椎间盘突出病人的髓核突出类型及神经根病理形态改变与腰腿痛程度的关系 ;分析 2 0例腰椎间盘髓核组织中磷脂酶A2 活性水平与神经根性疼痛程度的关系 ;3 1例腰椎间盘突出症病人脑脊液中P物质和降钙素基因相关肽含量与神经根性疼痛程度进行比较。结果 :①腰椎间盘的膨出、突出、脱出和脱出游离各组之间无疼痛程度的统计学显著差异。而神经根呈急性炎症反应的病人中重度疼痛高达 80 % (P <0 .0 1)。②腰椎间盘突出症病人椎间盘髓核中磷脂酶A2 活性显著高于自身血液中和健康人椎间盘髓核中磷脂酶A2 活性水平 ,腰椎间盘突出症病人的腰腿痛程度与其髓核中磷脂酶A2 活性明显相关。③腰痛病人脑脊液中P物质和降钙素基因相关肽水平高于正常对照组 ,并与疼痛等级有关。结论 :①腰椎间盘突出物的病理形态和对神经根的机械压迫与其引起的临床疼痛症状和神经根体征无明确关系 ,而神经根性疼痛与局部     

腰椎间盘突出症髓核组织磷脂酶A2表达的临床研究

目的探讨磷脂酶A2在腰椎间盘突出症诱发腰腿痛中的可能作用。方法①术前1d收集腰椎间盘突出症患者的一般临床资料,包括病程、年龄、性别等,并进行患者的腰腿痛评定;②采集术中标本进行冰冻切片,应用SP法行免疫组织化学检测sPLA2及cPLA2在髓核组织中的表达;③应用SPSS11.5统计软件进行分析。结果①实验组髓核中的sPLA2及cPLA2表达率明显高于对照组,且与患者的疼痛程度密切相关;②髓核中sPLA2及cPLA2的表达位置主要为多核大细胞。结论磷脂酶A2在腰椎间盘突出症诱发腰腿痛中发挥着重要的病理作用,且其表达与退变髓核可能存在一定关系。     

硬膜外侧隐窝注射治疗腰椎间盘偏侧型突出致单侧腰腿痛的疗效观察

目的 观察硬膜外侧隐窝注射治疗腰椎间盘偏侧型突出致单侧腰腿痛的疗效.方法 选择90例典型患者随机分成三组:A组(n=30)硬膜外腔注射、B组(n=30)骶管注射、C组(n=30)硬膜外侧隐窝注射治疗,结果 硬膜外侧隐窝注射疗效佳,优于硬膜外组和骶管组(P＜0.05),结论 硬膜外侧隐窝注射治疗腰腿痛安全、创伤小、疗效确切.     

硬膜外移植自体髓核对大鼠神经根功能和组织学的影响

目的:探讨无机械压迫时,腰椎间盘髓核突出引起腰腿痛的发病机制.方法:用硬膜外穿刺的方法给大鼠注射生理盐水及自体髓核混悬液,并对机械刺激缩爪阈值、马尾神经传导速度,神经根组织形态、疼痛行为进行了测定和观察.结果:大鼠硬膜外移植自体髓核能产生明显的痛觉过敏反应,马尾神经传导速度和神经根组织形态产生明显改变.结论:髓核所致的炎症反应是引起坐骨神经痛的重要原因之一.     

炎性痛大鼠背根神经节和脊髓背角Nogo-A蛋白表达的变化

目的 评价炎性痛大鼠背根神经节和脊髓背角Nogo-A蛋白表达的变化.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠120只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为两组(n=60):对照组(C组)和炎性痛组(F组).F组大鼠左侧后肢趾部皮下注射3％福尔马林0.1 ml,C组注射等容量的生理盐水.于注射后1h、1、2、3和7d时采用yon Frey纤毛测定左侧后爪机械痛阈.于各时点随机取12只大鼠处死后取损伤侧L5背根神经节和L4,5脊髓背角,分别采用免疫荧光标记法和Western blot法检测Nogo-A蛋白的表达.结果 与C组比较,F组大鼠注射后1h、1、2、3和7d时机械痛阈降低,注射后1h、2、3和7d时背根神经节和脊髓背角Nogo-A蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 背根神经节及脊髓背角Nogo-A蛋白表达上调可能在福尔马林致大鼠炎性痛形成过程中发挥重要作用.     

硬膜外移植自体髓核对大鼠神经根功能和组织学的影响

目的：探讨无机械压迫时，腰椎间盘髓核突出引起腰腿痛的发病机制。方法：用硬膜外穿刺的方法给大鼠注射生理盐水及自体髓核混悬液，并对机械刺激缩爪阈值、马尾神经传导速度，神经根组织形态、疼痛行为进行了测定和观察。结果：大鼠硬膜外移植自体髓核能产生明显的痛觉过敏反应，马尾神经传导速度和神经根组织形态产生明显改变。结论：髓核所致的炎症反应是引起坐骨神经痛的重要原因之一。     

丹参酮ⅡA对糖尿病大鼠神经病理性疼痛的影响

目的研究丹参酮IIA对糖尿病大鼠神经病理性疼痛的影响及其机制。方法18只成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3组：正常对照组(C组)、糖尿病组(B组)、糖尿病+IIA组(A组)(n=6)。以佐脲霉菌素(STZ)75mg·kg~(-1)一次性经腹腔注射建立糖尿病模型,分别于注射STZ前、注射后7、14、27d测定机械性痛阈。于A组机械性痛阈小于8g开始腹腔注射丹参酮IIA 25 mg·kg~(-1),每日1次,持续2周。于注射STZ后27d处死大鼠,取I_(?)脊髓,采用尼氏体染色法光镜下观察脊髓组织的形态学变化,应用免疫组化法测脊髓神经元降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)表达。结果与C组比较,A组、B组机械性痛阈降低(P＜0．05)；与B组比较．A组在注射STZ后27 d机械性痛阈升高(P＜0．05)。B组脊髓背角萎缩．冲经元变性坏死,数量减少．背角神经元内尼氏体减少,溶解消失；与B组比较,A组脊髓背角萎缩减轻,神经元数量增多．可见少量尼氏体。C组脊髓背角神经元有较多CGRP表达；B组背角神经元有少量或者无CGRP表达；与B组比较,A组脊髓背角神经元有大量CGRP表达。结论丹参酮IIA减轻糖尿病大鼠神经病理性疼痛,对脊髓背角神经元有保护作用,其机制可能与丹参酮IIA上调脊髓背角神经元CGRP的表达有关。     

Thoracic disc herniation mimicking acute lumbar disc disease

STUDY DESIGN: Case report of a 49-year-old woman with a lower thoracic disc herniation mimicking acute lumbosacral radiculopathy. OBJECTIVE: To describe an unusual case of thoracic disc herniation mimicking acute lumbar disc disease. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Symptomatic thoracic disc herniation is rare and its clinical manifestations differ widely from those of cervical and lumbar disc herniations. Midline back pain and signs of spinal cord compression progressing over months or years are the predominant clinical features. Acute and subacute thoracic disc herniation occurs in less than 10% of patients, and isolated root pain is unusual. METHODS: A 49-year-old woman had acute low back pain radiation into the left buttock and the lateral aspect of the left leg and left foot. Magnetic resonance imaging study showed a bulging disc and posterior osteophytes at T11-T12. RESULTS: Surgical removal of the herniated disc and osteophytes rapidly relieved her symptoms and neurologic deficits. A follow-up neurologic examination 3 years later showed normal motor and sensory functions, although low back soreness was noted occasionally. CONCLUSION: A case of thoracic disc herniation mimicking an acute lumbosacral radiculopathy is presented. Compression of the lumbosacral spinal nerve roots at the lower thoracic level after exit from the lumbar enlargement may be the mechanism for this unusual presentation.     

按揉“委中”穴影响腰椎间盘突出症患者血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽含量及临床疗效研究

目的基于"腰背委中求"对按揉"委中穴"治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者血浆内皮素(ET-1)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)含量变化,探讨按揉委中穴治疗腰腿痛的作用机制及临床疗效。方法采用按揉委中穴推拿治疗30例腰椎间盘突出症腰痛患者,检测治疗前后的ET-1与CGRP的数值,并与对照组进行比较分析。结果检测结果发现腰痛患者ET-1高于对照组,而CGRP低于对照组。治疗前后比较,两者均有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论研究提示按揉委中穴对腰椎间盘突出症腰腿痛治疗有效,且对ET-1与CGRP平衡有调节作用。     

Clinical features of extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation based on the radiographic location of the dorsal root ganglion

STUDY DESIGN: The relations between the location of the dorsal root ganglion and pre- and postoperative symptoms were reviewed retrospectively in 27 patients who underwent radiculography and posterior discectomy. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical features and surgical outcome of extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation based on the location of dorsal root ganglion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The location of dorsal root ganglia has been reported to be correlated with a variety of radicular symptoms. Extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation has several specific clinical features, one of which is severe radicular pain. However, there is no report in the literature on the association between the location of the dorsal root ganglia and the severity of the symptoms of extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation. METHODS: The radiographic location of the dorsal root ganglion of each compressed nerve root was determined by preoperative direct radiculograms. All patients were classified into the following three groups according to the location of dorsal root ganglion: intraspinal, intraforaminal, and extraforaminal. The incidences of these locations were 5 of 27 (18.5%), 15 of 27 (55.5%), and 7 of 27 (25.9%), respectively. The relation between the location of the dorsal root ganglion and clinical parameters such as the level of the compressed nerve root, the degree of limitation on straight leg raising test, the severity of the pre- and postoperative subjective symptoms (leg pain, low back pain, and walking capacity), clinical signs (sensory and motor disturbance), and the recovery rate were investigated. RESULTS: The degree of limitation on the straight leg raising test in the extraforaminal group tended to be low, compared with that in the intraspinal and intraforaminal groups. Low back pain in the extraforaminal group was more severe than that in the intraspinal and intraforaminal groups. Preoperative leg pain in the extraforaminal group was significantly more severe that that in the intraspinal group, and the walking capacity in the extraforaminal group tended to be lower than that in the intraspinal and intraforaminal groups. No significant differences were found between the location of dorsal root ganglion and the preoperative sensory or motor disturbance and surgical outcomes. CONCLUSION: The location of the dorsal root ganglion might influence the severity of radicular symptoms (pain and walking distance tolerance) in patients with extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation.     

年龄对腰椎间盘突出症患者症状与体征的影响

目的 探讨对腰椎间盘突出症患者症状与体征的影响以及老年腰椎间盘突出症患者临床表现的特点。方法 对２４３名腰椎间盘突出症患者的症状和体征进行分析,其中６０岁以上老年人２０例,占８．２％,对每名患者的腰痛,下肢放射痛,行走能力和直腿抬高试验结果进行记录和分级。结果 年龄与腰痛严重程度无相关性,但老年患者的下肢放射痛程度及直腿抬高试验严重程度较其余年龄组明显减因,其行走能力也明显减弱。     

肌间隙入路单侧钉棒内固定加椎间融合治疗腰椎间盘突出伴不稳

目的：探讨采用手术新入路利用单侧钉棒内固定加椎间融合治疗腰椎间盘突出伴不稳的综合疗效。方法25例腰椎间盘突出伴不稳患者采用肌间隙入路,保护脊柱后方韧带复合体,利用TLIF术式辅助单侧钉棒固定及椎间融合治疗。分别于术前、术后对患者的腰腿痛情况进行VAS评分,同时评价术后腰椎融合率。结果25例患者术后功能明显恢复正常,腰腿痛症状基本消失,1例残留轻度腰痛症状,经对症治疗后缓解,腰椎融合率100%。结论具有单侧神经根症状的腰椎间盘突出伴不稳患者,采用肌间隙入路并进行单侧钉棒固定及融合,术中保留了后方韧带复合体,显露充分,出血少,创伤小,侧隐窝减压彻底,临床效果好,值得临床推广应用。     

Posterior and anterior epidural and intradural migration of the sequestered intervertebral disc: Three cases and review of the literature

Context: Dorsal migration of the sequestered lumbar intervertebral disc is an unusual and underrecognized pattern of lumbar disc herniation associated with pain and neurological deficit.Findings: Three patients presented with lower limb- and low back pain. MR imaging showed intracanalicular mass lesions with compression of the spinal cord and allowed precise localization of lesions in the extradural or intradural space. Diagnosis was straightforward for the patients with the posterior and anterior epidural disc fragments, whereas various differential diagnostic considerations were entertained for the patient with the intradural mass lesion. All patients underwent surgical removal of the sequestered disc fragments, and recovered full motosensory function. Surgical repair of the dura mater due to CSF leak was required for the patient with intradural disc herniation.Conclusion/clinical relevance: Posterior and anterior epidural, and intradural disc migration may manifest with clinical symptoms indistinguishable from those associated with non-sequestered lumbar disc hernias. Missed, migrated disc fragments can be implicated as a cause of low back pain, radiculopathy or cauda equina syndrome, especially in the absence of visible disc herniation. A high index of suspicion needs to be maintained in those cases with unexplained and persistent symptoms and/or no obvious disc herniation on MR images.     

Pathology of lumbar nerve root compression. Part 2: morphological and immunohistochemical changes of dorsal root ganglion.

STUDY DESIGN: This study is to investigate the changes of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) induced by mechanical compression using in vivo model. OBJECTIVES: The effect of axonal flow disturbance induced by nerve root compression was determined in DRG. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The dorsal root ganglion should not be overlooked when considering the mechanism of low back pain and sciatica, so it is important to understand the morphologic and functional changes that occur in primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion as a result of nerve root compression. However, few studies have looked at changes of neurons within the dorsal root ganglion caused by disturbance of axonal flow and the axon reaction as a result of mechanical compression of the dorsal root through which the central branches of the primary sensory nerves pass. METHODS: In mongrel dogs, the seventh lumbar nerve root was compressed for 24 h, one week, or three weeks using a clip with a pressure of 7.5 gf. Morphologic changes of the primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion secondary to the axon reaction were examined by light and electron microscopy. Changes of immunostaining for substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and somatostatin (SOM) in the primary sensory neurons affected by central chromatolysis after nerve root compression were also examined. RESULTS: Light microscopy showed central chromatolysis of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion from one week after the start of compression. Electron microscopy of the affected neurons revealed movement of the nucleus to the cell periphery and the loss of rough endo-plasmic reticulum and mitochondria from the central region. Immunohistochemical studies showed a marked decrease of SP, CGRP, and SOM staining in small ganglion cells with central chromatolysis when compared with cells from control ganglia. CONCLUSION: It is important to be aware that in patients with nerve root compression due to lumbar disc herniation or lumbar canal stenosis, dysfunction is not confined to degeneration at the site of compression, but also extends to the primary sensory neurons within the dorsal root ganglion as a result of the axon reaction. Patients with sensory disturbance should therefore be fully informed of the fact that these symptoms will not resolve immediately after surgery.     

手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的长期疗效及其影响因素

目的:评估腰椎间盘突出症手术治疗的长期疗效,探讨影响手术长期疗效的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析1996年2月～2002年12月在我院采用单纯开窗减压髓核摘除术治疗的125例单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者,记录患者性别、年龄、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、病程、临床表现、体征、手术减压时椎间盘的突出类型和末次随访时复发性椎间盘突出症的例数。分别记录术前和末次随访时Oswestry伤残指数(Oswestry Disability Index,ODI)及腰痛/下肢根性痛的视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)。根据Stauffer-Coventry′s(SC)疗效评定标准评价患者总体疗效。单因素分析患者术前与末次随访时的VAS以及ODI。患者总体疗效作为结果变量,单因素分析年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟、腰扭伤史、病程、术前腰痛VAS评分、术前下肢痛VAS评分、术前ODI、直腿抬高试验(straight-leg raise test,SLR)、肌力、感觉、椎间盘突出节段和类型等14项指标与疗效的关系。用非条件Logistic全回归分析和逐步回归分析来研究结果变量与术前各种指标的关系。结果:随访84～123个月,平均109个月,患者总体疗效优占32%,良占35.2%,可占23.2%,差占9.6%,复发率为8%。术前ODI为(72.23±25.72)%,末次随访时为(15.64±17.52)%,与术前比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。腰痛VAS评分术前为5.44±3.43分,末次随访时为2.12±2.32分;下肢痛VAS评分术前为7.34±3.72分,末次随访时为1.42±2.74分;末次随访时与术前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。全回归分析发现腰扭伤史、感觉减退是总体疗效不佳的相关因素,而非包含型突出类型是总体疗效佳的相关因素。逐步回归分析发现有4个有统计学意义的相关因素,其比值比(OR)及95%可信区间分别为:腰扭伤史(OR=6.50;95%CI 2.21-19.10)、吸烟(OR=4.48;95%CI 1.51-13.34)、感觉(OR=9.01;95%CI 1.75-46.46)、突出类型(OR=0.027;95%CI 0.005-0.145)。结论:手术治疗可以明显改善腰椎间盘突出症患者的腰痛、下肢痛和ODI。腰扭伤史、吸烟史、术前感觉和突出类型是影响腰椎间盘突出症手术长期疗效的相关因素。