非酒精性脂肪肝相关危险因素分析

目的分析非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）患者临床指标,探讨其相关危险因素。方法 180例体检患者按有无NAFLD分为正常对照组（86例）和NAFLD组（94例）,对两组各临床指标进行统计分析。结果与对照组比较,NAFLD组体质量指数（BMI）、腰围、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、血脂总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-HDL-C）、空腹血糖（FBG）、尿酸、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）均显著升高,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）显著降低（P〈0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示BMI、腰围、TG可较好地预测NAFLD,是NAFLD的独立危险因素（P〈0.05）。结论 NAFLD患者具有中心性肥胖、高血糖、高血压、脂代谢紊乱（高TC、高TG、低HDL-C）、高尿酸的特征,且肝酶升高。BMI、腰围、TG是发生NAFLD的独立危险因素。     

从非酒精性脂肪性肝病到代谢相关脂肪性肝疾病

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD）的患病率逐年上升,世界对该疾病的认识也逐渐深入。多年来,在对该领域不断的探索中发现术语NAFLD的局限性,因此国际多名专家经过多年讨论,最终联手提出了新术语“代谢相关脂肪性肝疾病（metabolic associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD）”,然而这一术语在过去几年饱受争议。从NAFLD到MAFLD,给科研及临床工作带来的影响是不容置疑的。因此,该文简要总结了现有的研究结论,通过多方面对比NAFLD和MAFLD,加深临床医师对MAFLD的认识。     

Current best treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has typically been focused on the management of associated conditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. NAFLD associated with obesity may be resolved by weight reduction, although the benefits of weight loss have been inconsistent. Improving insulin sensitivity with lifestyle modifications or medications usually improves glucose and lipid levels in patients with diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. Improving insulin sensitivity is expected to improve the liver disease but in many diabetic/hyperlipidaemic patients with NAFLD, the appropriate control of glucose and lipid levels is not always accompanied by improvement of the liver condition. Results of pilot studies evaluating ursodeoxycholic acid, gemfibrozil, betaine, N-acetylcysteine, αtocopherol, metformin and thiazolidinedione derivatives suggest that these medications may be of potential benefit. This article reviews the treatment modalities currently available for patients with NAFLD, including emerging data from clinical trials evaluating promising medications as well as possibilities for the future.     

Current best treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has typically been focused on the management of associated conditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. NAFLD associated with obesity may be resolved by weight reduction, although the benefits of weight loss have been inconsistent. Improving insulin sensitivity with lifestyle modifications or medications usually improves glucose and lipid levels in patients with diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. Improving insulin sensitivity is expected to improve the liver disease but in many diabetic/hyperlipidaemic patients with NAFLD, the appropriate control of glucose and lipid levels is not always accompanied by improvement of the liver condition. Results of pilot studies evaluating ursodeoxycholic acid, gemfibrozil, betaine, N-acetylcysteine, alphatocopherol, metformin and thiazolidinedione derivatives suggest that these medications may be of potential benefit. This article reviews the treatment modalities currently available for patients with NAFLD, including emerging data from clinical trials evaluating promising medications as well as possibilities for the future.     

Review article: Drug therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represents a spectrum of liver diseases, characterized mainly by macrovesicular steatosis in the absence of significant alcohol ingestion. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease includes both non-alcoholic fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis once considered a benign process is now known to lead to progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis. Histologically indistinguishable from alcoholic liver disease, the exact aetiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease remains unknown, but the fundamental pathophysiological process appears to be insulin resistance and oxidative stress related to the metabolic syndrome. Therapy has focused on risk factors, weight reduction and pharmacological intervention. Promising pharmacological treatments have been demonstrated with antioxidants, insulin sensitizers, hepatoprotectants and lipid-lowering agents. However, without larger randomized studies, no pharmacological treatments can be recommended at this time.     

肠道菌群与非酒精性脂肪性肝病

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD）在全球范围内越来越常见,造成极大的疾病负担,故对其发生、发展及防治措施进行研究变得十分迫切。近年来,肠道菌群被认为是机体的一个重要的“特殊器官”,它参与机体的代谢并与相关疾病的发生、发展相关,与NAFLD的关系亦密切,值得深入探索,以期能寻找到防治NAFLD的新措施。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病临床特点分析

目的 探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)与代谢综合征关系及相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析在我院健康体检764例在职教师的体检资料,并对其相关资料进行统计分析.结果 NAFLD发病率高达27.23%,NAFLD组高血压、2型糖尿病、血脂异常、肥胖、代谢综合征(MS)发病率明显高于对照组;三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、收缩压、舒张压、体质量指数均高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 NAFLD发生率高,与代谢综合征(MS)关系密切.高血压、2型糖尿病、血脂异常、肥胖是NAFLD发生的危险因素.     

Review article: current management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Background  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome.
Aim  To assess the epidemiological impact and the current management of patients with NAFLD.
Methods  Published peer-reviewed literature and abstracts concerning NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were reviewed. Articles specifically related to epidemiology, diagnosis and current treatment strategies for NAFLD and NASH are summarized.
Results  NAFLD is strongly associated with the epidemic of obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus, and is estimated to affect about 20–30% of the population in the US. From the spectrum of NAFLD, only patients with biopsy-proven NASH (estimated prevalence in the US population is about 3–5%) have been convincingly shown to progress to cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. The clinical manifestation of NAFLD is usually absent or subtle, with abnormal aminotransferases or incidental radiographic findings of fatty liver. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is attributed to a multi-hit process involving insulin resistance, oxidative stress, apoptotic pathways, and adipocytokines. In 2008, there is no established treatment for NAFLD. Weight loss and treatment for each component of metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, a large number of agents are being considered in clinical trials of patients with NASH.
Conclusions  Awareness of the tremendous impact of NAFLD as an important cause of chronic liver disease is increasing along with a great deal of information about its pathogenesis. Future, well-designed clinical trials that target specific pathways involved in the pathogenesis of NASH are urgently needed.     

The natural history and risk factors for progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition of increasing incidence in western Countries seldom associated to other diseases of high prevalence in general population (i.e. diabetes and obesity). NAFLD ranges from simple fatty liver to steatohepatitis (NASH), which may lead to cryptogenic cirrhosis and in some cases hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Natural history of NAFLD in humans is poorly understood and progression of liver disease seems to be due to interaction between hosting (i.e. genetic, gut flora, insulin resistance) and environmental factors (social and eating behaviours) that should be responsible of increased oxidative stress within hepatocytes. Even if we need non-invasive markers able to describe the progression of liver disease, only meaning of liver biopsy is useful to characterize the stigmata of worsening such as inflammation and fibrosis.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病的中医药治疗

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD）在治疗上未能有所突破．主要是由于对NAFLD发病机制缺乏足够的了解。研究表明中药能从多环节、多靶点起作用，有其独特优势，使之成为治疗NAFLD的新希望。     

2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝的治疗

非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)是指在没有大量酒精摄入的前提下,肝脏出现以弥漫性肝细胞大泡性脂肪变为主要特征的临床病理综合征.虽然NAFLD是一组良性病变,但NAFLD可以发展为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、肝硬化,部分患者甚至发展为肝细胞性肝癌.NAFLD与肥胖、糖尿病、血脂异常、高血压和胰岛素抵抗(IR)等因素密切相关,是代谢综合征在肝脏的表现,也是心血管疾病(CVD)的独立危险因素.     

Caffeine is protective in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 76–82

Summary

Background Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is the most common cause of primary liver disease. Although recent studies have found that coffee drinking is protective against end stage chronic liver disease, there are scarce caffeine intake data in NAFLD specifically. Aim To investigate the effects of dietary behaviour in NAFLD patients, using four continuous cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2001–2008). Methods Using data from four continuous cycles of NHANES, dietary intake questionnaires that list 62 nutrition components. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of NAFLD among nutrition components after adjustment for potential clinical confounders. All analyses were run using sas 9.1 and sudaan 10.0 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results Of the 62 nutrient components used for the univariate analysis, 38% were significant (P‐value <0.05) in NAFLD with caffeine consumption being higher in the control group (P‐value <0.001). The multivariate analysis using demographics, clinical parameters and nutritional components found five factors independently associated with NAFLD [African American Race P‐value <0.001); Male gender P‐value <0.001); Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) P‐value <0.001); Caffeine intake (mg) P‐value <0.001) and total plain water consumption (g) P‐value ≤0.02)]. Conclusions Our analysis shows that caffeine intake is independently associated with a lower risk for NAFLD suggesting a potential protective effect. These data necessitate further research to elucidate the mechanism by which caffeine can protect against NAFLD.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病机制的研究进展

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是指与过量饮酒无关的临床综合征,主要病理改变包括肝细胞弥漫性脂肪变性和脂肪堆积。NAFLD动物模型表现出显著的肝脏微循环障碍,关于其形成机制,被广为接受的为＂二次打击＂学说。该学说认为肥胖、胰岛素抵抗等因素作为＂第一次打击＂,导致肝脏中脂质堆积,形成单纯性脂肪肝,增加了＂第二次打击＂造成的肝脏损伤的易感性,这些因素包括炎症、枯否细胞功能障碍、氧化应激、线粒体障碍、脂肪因子调节紊乱等,导致非酒精性脂肪性肝炎甚至纤维化等更严重疾病的发生。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病的研究进展及认识

非酒精性脂肪性肝病是引起肝酶升高及慢性肝病的常见病因,其发病趋势呈低龄化且增长迅速,已成为一个不可忽视的全球健康卫生问题.本文综述非酒精性脂肪性肝病的最新研究进展及相关临床认识.