高校学生神经衰弱调查研究

本文采用国内12地区神经症流行学调查相似的方法,对高校1693名大学生进行一次神经衰弱患病状况的调查。结果表明,大学生中神经衰弱患病率为5.13%,女性患病率高于男性。     

福州市大学生神经症患者状况的调查研究

目的 探讨福州市大学生神经症患者情况，为健康教育学生心理保健提供依据。方法 采用单纯整群随机抽样的方法对３８９６名福州市大学生神经症患者状况进行调查。结果 发现神经症２４２例（患病率为６．２１％），其中男性１２９例（患病率为４．８３％），女性１１３例（患病率为９．２２％）。女性患病率高于男性，差异有显著意义（Ｘ＾２＝２７．８４，Ｐ〈０．０１）。患神经衰弱１９５例（８０．５８％），其患病率随年龄增长     

福州市大学生神经症患病状况的调查研究

目的探讨福州市大学生神经症患病情况，为健康教育和学生心理卫生保健提供依据。方法采用单纯整群随机抽样的方法对３８９６名福州市大学生神经症患病状况进行调查。结果发现神经症２４２例（患病率为６２１％），其中男性１２９例（患病率为４８３％），女性１１３例（患病率为９２２％）。女性患病率高于男性，差异有显著意义（χ２＝２７８４，Ｐ＜００１）。患神经衰弱１９５例（８０５８％），其患病率随年龄增长而增高；神经衰弱者经ＳＣＬ—９０评分分析发现，在各因子分中以焦虑、抑郁、睡眠、人际关系和强迫症状等症状因子分较高；有年级越高患病率越高的趋势（χ２＝１４２５６，Ｐ＜００１）；神经衰弱学生中，个性以内向和不稳定型个性比例高。结论在大学群体中开展针对性的健康教育尤其是心理卫生教育具有重要意义     

中小学教师神经衰弱调查研究

本文采用国内12地区神经症流行学调查相似的方法,对城区1698名中小学教师进行一次神经衰弱患病状况的调查。结果表明中小学教师中神经衰弱患病率为5.06%,女性患病率高于男性。中小学教师神经衰弱症状的发生不是孤立单一因素作用的结果,与其心理健康水平、遭遇生活事件及个性特征密切相关。提示在中小学教师中开展心理卫生工作有着重要的现实意义。     

大连市焦虑障碍患病率研究

目的 调查大连市18岁以上人群焦虑障碍的患病率和人群分布特点.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,以复合性国际诊断交谈检查量表(CIDI3.0)对大连市5059名≥18岁城乡居民进行了调查.结果 焦虑障碍的患病率为1.30%,其中男性的患病率为1.10%,女性的患病率为1.50%,女性高于男性(P>0.01).城乡间...     

中山市神经症流行病学调查报告

目的：了解中山市神经症流行病学情况。方法：采用世界卫生组织(WHO)提供，1982年和1993年2次全国精神疾病流行病学调查使用的方法。结果：中山市神经症(均为现患病例)的时点患病率为29．7‰，女性患病率(45．8‰)明显高于男性(12．4‰)，神经衰弱的患病率位于首位(21．8‰)。结论：中山市神经症的患病率明显高于1993年全国7地区精神疾病流行病学调查结果15．11‰，应列为精神疾病防治重点。     

工厂与农村神经症患病率与人群分布特征的比较

对神经症作流行病学调查发现,在工厂与农村样本中均以女性、40岁以上以及文化程度低者患病率较高;两样本中神经症亚型患病率顺位亦呈显著性正相关。另一方面,女性患病率工厂高于农村;男性之间则无显著差异。结合国内外80年代以来的调查资料,神经症流行病学特征的相对稳定性,支持将神经症作为一个诊断实体的观点。并对不同调查所得神经症患病率数据差异的可能原因作了讨论。     

云南沧源佤族自治县佤族精神分裂症流行病学调查

目的:调查佤族精神分裂症的患病率及其特点。方法:采用按比例简单随机抽样法,对云南省临沧市沧源佤族自治县11个乡镇共18199人进行了入户调查,收集其人口学资料,并对精神分裂症患者进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分。结果:①临沧市沧源县佤族精神分裂症患病率为1.43‰。②男性精神分裂症现患病率2.05‰,女性精神分裂症现患病率0.71‰,男性患病率高于女性。结论:云南沧源县佤族精神分裂症的患病率低于我国大陆农村地区的患病率,且男性高于女性。     

住院精神分裂症患者代谢综合征的患病率及相关因素

目的 了解住院精神分裂症患者代谢综合征的患病率及其相关因素.方法 对上海市精神卫生中心分部住院的精神分裂症患者作调查,测定其代谢指标,采用世界糖尿病联盟(IDF)全球统一标准定义代谢综合征.结果 共入组483人,其中男性272人(56.3%),女性211人(43.7%),平均年龄(53±10)岁(19～82岁).住院精神分裂症患者代谢综合征的患病率为43.9%(213/483),女性的患病率(118/211,55.9%)高于男性的(94/272,36.4%)(χ2=22.0,P<0.05).患病率随年龄增加而增加.大于41岁的患者中女性的代谢综合征患病率均高于男性.Logistic回归发现代谢综合征与性别有关.结论 在精神分裂症患者尤其女性患者中存在较多的代谢综合征,疾病早期即应予以关注.     

西安地区老年人帕金森病患病率调查

目的：了解西安地区55岁以上老年人帕金森病（PD）的流行状况，方法：E要用多级分层随机整群抽样方法，于1997－09－1998－12在西安地区调查了4850名55岁以上的老年人。结果：发现PD38例，55岁以上老年人的患病率为783．5／10万。男女患病率分别为1029．4／10万、605．0／10万，男女患病率之比为1．70：1，统计学处理差异无显著性（P＝0．098）；但同一年龄组，患病率男性均高于女性；随年龄的增大，PD患病率随之升高，但女性在85岁以上未发现PD患者；城市与农村PD的患病率分别为634．5／10万，980．0／10万，两者之间差异无显著性（P＞0．05）；随文化程度升高，男性PD患病率随之降低，结论：西安地区帕金森病的患病率处于较高水平，患病率随年龄增大而升高，PD患者男性略高于女性，女性85岁以上患病率低有待于进一步研究，文化程度对男性PD患病率可能有一定影响，职业对PD患病率影响不大。     

Suicide and other causes of death in a five-year follow-up of patients treated for self-poisoning in Oslo

This 5-year follow-up study includes all patients (n = 934; 50% females) treated for self-poisoning in Oslo during 1 year. Seventeen percent were considered suicide attempts upon admission, 25% among the nonabusers and 8% among the abusers. At follow-up, 122 patients were dead (61% males). The mortality rate was highest among the abusers. The mortality rate was similar (13%) among those who were considered to be suicidal on admittance and those who were not. The causes of death were suicide (28%), opiate abuse (16%), heart disease (14%), accidents or wounds (11%), alcoholism (9%) and others (22%). The standard mortality rate was highly increased in all groups (8 times on average), highest among the female opiate abusers, whose rate was 63 times higher than expected. The increased suicide rates (87 times for females, 27 times for males), however, may be a more relevant measure of mental morbidity than the standard mortality rate. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that male sex, age above 50 years and the lowest social group were factors on admission associated with death in the follow-up period. Age above 50 years and suicidal attempt on admission were associated with subsequent suicide. The study strongly supports the idea of self-destructiveness and slow suicide in substance abuse.     

Initial experience with endoscopic third ventriculostomy in Nigeria, West Africa

Objectives Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) as an alternative to traditional shunt surgery in the management of hydrocephalus of different etiologies is new in Nigeria and West Africa, with no published data till date. This initial study was done to determine the success rate and complication among our patient population. Materials and methods This series consists of a prospective study of the clinical and radiological features and outcome of the first 25 consecutive patients who underwent ETV. ETV was considered to be successful when there was no event occurring during surgery that resulted in the procedure being aborted, postoperative neurological deficit, or adverse event that resulted in a modification of the normal postoperative care. Patients follow-up was for a minimum of 2 months. Results There were 14 males and 11 females. The median age of the patients was 6 months, ranging from 1 month to 48 years. The study included obstructive hydrocephalus because of aqueductal stenosis, Dandy Walker malformation, and pineal region tumor. ETV was successful in 23 patients. Two patients had cerebrospinal fluid leak and superficial surgical site infection. There was no mortality. Conclusion ETV in this series is safe with comparable surgical outcomes to conventional ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery, and minimal postoperative morbidity has been observed. A commentary on this paper is available at .     

Prognostic factors in the treatment of intramedullary spinal cord tumors

Between 1993 and 1999, in the Divisions of Neurosurgery of the Hospital Nossa Senhora das Gra?as and the Hospital de Clínicas in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 35 patients harboring intramedullary spinal cord tumors who were submitted to microsurgery were analyzed. There were 24 males (68.6%) and average age was 32.9 years. The main location, with 40% of cases, was the thoracic level, followed by cervical and cervico-thoracic levels with 25.7%. Neurological exam, carried out between 6 and 12 months after surgery, showed that 42.9% of patients improved, 34.3% were stable and 22.9% presented neurological worsening. Total resection was obtained in 57.2% of cases and subtotal in 37.1%. In 5.7% of patients a biopsy was the accomplished procedure. Total resection was more often obtained among patients with ependymomas (13 out of 17) than with astrocytomas (5 out of 12). However, degree of resection and tumor histology did not interfere in postoperative morbidity. Factors as sex, age and tumor's size also did not demonstrate significance in predicting prognostic after surgery, whereas tumor in a thoracic level was associated with higher morbidity (p=0.021).     

Sex differences in the utilization of mental health services: a nation-wide register study

A nation-wide investigation of a cohort of first admissions during the period April 1, 1970 to March 31, 1971 to psychiatric institutions was followed in the Danish Psychiatric Register for a 10 year period. The cohort comprised 5,881 males and 6,856 females with an annual incidence rate of 3.14 males and 3.55 females per 1,000. Males were significantly younger than females and more frequently involuntarily admitted. Males predominated among schizophrenics and addictive disorders, females among neurotics and manic-depressive psychotics. Young males required longer hospital stays and more admissions than young females. The opposite was the case among patients over 65 years. Three outcome groups were delineated and the incidence rate calculated to: the "short term" group comprising 1.64 males and 1.90 females per 1,000, the "long-stay" group comprising 0.22 males and 0.27 females per 1,000 and the "revolving door" group comprising 0.42 males and 0.32 females. Multiple contingency analyses showed that only the outcome "revolving door" was independently associated with the sex of the patients with males being a high risk group.     

Perioperative stroke as a predictor of mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing CABG

Perioperative stroke is a devastating neurological complication of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting surgery (CABG). It results in significantly increased rates of mortality and morbidity and presents a significant financial burden to our healthcare system. It has not, however, been studied in a large population based sample. We aim to investigate the role of perioperative stroke as an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality and morbidity following CABG, and to review trends in the early outcomes of CABG from the years 1999 to 2011. We hypothesize that perioperative stroke is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality and morbidity following CABG. We analyzed data from the 1999–2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, identifying patients who underwent CABG using ICD-9 and CCS codes. We excluded patients below the age of 18 and above the age of 100, and patients undergoing concomitant heart and/or vascular procedures. Analysis on our sample of 668,627 patients yielded an overall rate of perioperative stroke, mortality, and morbidity of 1.87%, 2.13%, and 49.07%, respectively. Along with age, risk category, gender, and other postoperative outcomes, perioperative stroke was found to be a strong predictor of mortality and morbidity, leading to more than a 5-fold risk of death and morbidity. From our study, we conclude that perioperative stroke remains a serious adverse outcome of CABG and is an independent predictor of mortality and morbidity. While rates of stroke and mortality are decreasing, morbidity continues to trend upwards. This study emphasizes the importance of prevention and early intervention in patients at risk for perioperative stroke.     

Surgical and hardware complications in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the surgical and hardware complications in 26 consecutive patients with movement disorders undergoing subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in early practice at our institute. METHODS: The 26 patients in our institute were analyzed retrospectively. Group A included the first eight patients treated while we had no facility for microelectrode recording (MER), 16 intracranial procedures were performed and 8 batteries were implanted. Group B (with MER) included 18 patients, 35 intracranial procedures were performed and 18 batteries were implanted. RESULTS: The intracranial morbidity was 18.75% in group A and 5.71% in group B. The extracranial morbidity was 37.5% in group A and 16.67% in group B. There was no hardware-related infection in our study. The overall mortality rate was 7.69%, and deaths were not surgical related. CONCLUSIONS: The associated morbidity is significant in STN-DBS. The use of MER may improve the clinical outcome while decreasing the morbidity.     

Parasuicide in Europe: the WHO/EURO multicentre study on parasuicide. I. Introduction and preliminary analysis for 1989.

The WHO/EURO multicentre study on parasuicide is a new, coordinated, multinational, European study that covers two broad areas of research: monitoring trends in the epidemiology of parasuicide (epidemiological monitoring study); and follow-up investigations of parasuicide populations, with a view to identifying the social and personal characteristics predictive of future suicidal behaviour (repetition prediction project). This article provides background information on the development and organization of the multicentre study, and presents selected findings from the epidemiological monitoring project, based on a preliminary examination of data collected in 15 centres on parasuicides aged 15 years and over treated in health facilities in defined catchment areas during the year 1989. The overall parasuicide incidence varied considerably across the centres, from a high (event) rate of 414 per 100,000 males in Helsinki to a low of 61 among males in Leiden. The highest female event rate was 595 in Pontoise, and the lowest 95 in Guipuzcoa. The mean event rate across all centres was 167 among males and 222 among females. Parasuicide incidence tended to be elevated among 15- to 34-year-olds, with lowest rates among those aged 55 years and over. With one exception (Helsinki), the female parasuicide rate was higher than the male rate, the F:M ratio ranging from 0.71:1 to 2.15:1, with a median of 1.5:1 (events). Short-term repetition rates (as measured by the event:person ratio) differed between centres, from 1.03 to 1.30 (median = 1.12) among males, and from 1.07 to 1.26 (median = 1.13) among females. Although we warn against generalizing from our findings to make statements about differences in parasuicide between countries, we argue that the differences between centres are valid and should be addressed in further research.     

Socioeconomic prognosis after a newly diagnosed unprovoked epileptic seizure in adults: a population-based case-control study

PURPOSE: To investigate the socioeconomic prognosis after a newly diagnosed unprovoked epileptic seizure in adults. METHODS: Sixty-three patients 17 years or older with a newly diagnosed unprovoked epileptic seizure from 1985 through 1987 and 107 sex- and age- matched controls were followed up for 10 years to 1996. Studied variables were income, source of income, sickness periods, incapacity rate, diagnosis-specific incapacity rate, vocational status, and education. RESULTS: Relative growth of income was similar between patients and controls during follow-up. Patients had lower income than did controls 2 years before seizure onset and during the entire follow-up. This was related to higher morbidity among patients, as measured by sickness periods and incapacity rate. Employment rates did not evolve negatively among patients after seizure onset and were close to employment rates of controls during follow-up time. There was no difference between patients and controls regarding education. CONCLUSIONS: After a newly diagnosed unprovoked epileptic seizure in adults, no negative development regarding employment and education occurs. Income development is positive unless refractory seizures evolve. However, income is lower among patients with epilepsy than among controls, and this difference can be related to overall morbidity.     

Prevalence of mental illness among 70-year-olds domiciled in nine Copenhagen suburbs.

The results of a study on the prevalence of mental diseases and abnormalities among a geographically well-defined group of 70-year-olds, all living in nine suburbs of Copenhagen, are submitted and discussed. The total psychiatric morbidity was found to be 15.5%; 6.4% suffered from psychoses, males preponderating, and 7.4% classified as "neuroses + personality disorders", females preponderating. Only 15% of the pschotic group were institutionalised. Of the entire material, 5% were demented, and this included 1.l% patients who were severley demented. There was a definite preponderance of males. Of the population, 2.6% were living in their homes with senile or arteriosclerotic dementia. About 1% of the population were looked after in their homes despite severe dementia of varying geneses. Hidden morbidity, meaning that the proband had neither been institutionalised nor had consulted a doctor for mental illness within the past 5 years, made up of 15% of the psychotic group and 19.2% of the group "neuroses + personality disorders + alcoholisms". The total hidden morbidity constituted 2.6% of the population or 16.5% of the demonstrated psychiatric morbidity. The prevalence findings are on the whole on a level with those reported from other studies, most of which have been concerned with population groups over 65 years of age.