Serum macrophage inflammatory protein-lαand high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in the paitents with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and hypertension

Objectives To identify the effects of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndromemacrophage inflammatory protein -1α(MIP-1α) and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein(hs-CRP) levels,and its impact on cardiac structure and function in patients with hypertension.(OSAHS) on serum. Methods We studied 86 middle-aged subjects classified into four groups according to the absence or presence of OSAHS with and without hypertension.(1)OSAHS patients without hypertension(OSAHS group,n=29);(2)OSAHS patients with hypertension(OSAHS +HT group,n=27);(3) non-OSAHS patients with hypertension(HT group,n =27);(4)volunteers without OSAHS and hypertension(Control subjects, n=27).OSAHS patients were divided into mild,moderate and severe degree based on apnea hypopnea index(AHI).All participants underwent polysomnography and echocardiography. Serum MIP-1αand hs-CRP levels were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Body mass index(BMI),neck collar(NC),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) in OSAHS group and OSAHS +HT group were significantly higher than those in Control group(PP<0.05).Serum MIP- 1αlevels in OSAHS+HT group was significant higher than HT groups(P<0.05).Serum MlP-1αlevels in those three groups were negative correlationwith AV(r=-0.238,P=0.08) and positively correlated with E/A ratio(r=0.307,P=0.02). Conclusions We have not foundthe cardiac systolic function change in early OSAHS patients with hypertension,while the diastolic function decreased obviously.Serum MIP-1αlevel shows earlier change than hs-CRP level in OSAHS patients which may contribute to the lesion of cardiac diastolic function.     

原发性高血压患者血清CD40水平及其与多态性的关系

Objectives To identify the effects of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndromemacrophage inflammatory protein -1α(MIP-1α) and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein(hs-CRP) levels,and its impact on cardiac structure and function in patients with hypertension.(OSAHS) on serum. Methods We studied 86 middle-aged subjects classified into four groups according to the absence or presence of OSAHS with and without hypertension.(1)OSAHS patients without hypertension(OSAHS group,n=29);(2)OSAHS patients with hypertension(OSAHS +HT group,n=27);(3) non-OSAHS patients with hypertension(HT group,n =27);(4)volunteers without OSAHS and hypertension(Control subjects, n=27).OSAHS patients were divided into mild,moderate and severe degree based on apnea hypopnea index(AHI).All participants underwent polysomnography and echocardiography. Serum MIP-1αand hs-CRP levels were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Body mass index(BMI),neck collar(NC),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) in OSAHS group and OSAHS +HT group were significantly higher than those in Control group(PP<0.05).Serum MIP- 1αlevels in OSAHS+HT group was significant higher than HT groups(P<0.05).Serum MlP-1αlevels in those three groups were negative correlationwith AV(r=-0.238,P=0.08) and positively correlated with E/A ratio(r=0.307,P=0.02). Conclusions We have not foundthe cardiac systolic function change in early OSAHS patients with hypertension,while the diastolic function decreased obviously.Serum MIP-1αlevel shows earlier change than hs-CRP level in OSAHS patients which may contribute to the lesion of cardiac diastolic function.     

Dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with increased prevalence of sleep apnea

Background Sleep apnea(SA) is a common disorder in general population, especially cardiovascular disease(CVD) patients. However, its role in cardiomyopathy etiology is still unclear. Methods In this single-center observational study, we enrolled 2740 CVD patients consecutively from 2013 to 2016. Among study subjects, 65 were diagnosed as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) and 34 were hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM).Patients underwent sleep study with portable monitoring devices and diagnosed as non-SA(AHI5), mild(5≤AHI≤15), moderate(15AHI≤30) or severe SA(AHI30) using the apnea-hypopnea index(AHI). Central sleep apnea(CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) were defined by central event percentage, with 50% as cut-value.Results The prevalence of SA was higher in DCM patients. While the prevalence of moderate to severe SA was similar in HCM and other CVD patients(32.4% vs. 34.3%, P 0.1), it was significantly higher in DCM patients(49.2%, P =0.017 vs. other CVD patients). The prevalence of CSA in DCM patients was also higher than other CVD patients(9.2% vs. 3.2%, P0.01), but the difference of OSA was not statistically significant(40.0% vs.30.3%, P =0.229). In comparison to other heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFr EF) patients, the result was nearly at the same level. Conclusions SA is more common in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy patients.Prevalence of moderate to severe SA and CSA is higher in idiopathic HCM patients than other CVD and HFr EF patients.     

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with severity and long-term prognosis of acute coronary syndrome

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and associated with an increased risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events. However, most patients in previous study were treated with bare metal stents and the sample sizes were relatively low. The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of OSA on the severity and prognosis of patients admitted for ACS. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled patients with ACS who were hospitalized for coronary angiogram/percutaneous coronary intervention and undergone polysomnography. We divided the patients into two groups: moderate to severe OSA group [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 15 events/h] and control group (AHI ≤ 15 events/h). They were followed up for up 32 months. Then, we compared the ACS severity and long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with different severity of OSA. Results Five hundred and twenty nine patients were included in the final analysis, with 76% of them being men and an average age of 59 ± 10 years. The overall mean AHI is 29 ± 19 events/h, 70.5% of them (373/529) being with moderate to severe OSA and 29.5% (156/529) assign into control group. Compared with controls, patients with moderate or severe OSA exhibited a higher prevalence of hypertension as well as higher body mass index, SYNTAX score, Epworth score and length of hospitalization. With a median follow-up duration of 30 months, accumulative rate of MACE was also higher in patients with moderate or severe OSA than that in the control group (8.6% vs. 3.2%, P = 0.028). After adjusting for baseline confounders by cox regression model, moderate to severe OSA was an independent risk factor of long-term MACE (P = 0.047, HR = 1.618, 95% CI: 1.069–3.869). Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that moderate or severe OSA is correlated with disease severity and associated with worse long-term prognosis in ACS patients. The results raising the possibility that early diagnose and interventions of OSA could improve long-term outcomes in ACS patients.     

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者临床特点分析

目的 探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的临床特点、易患因素及睡眠结构特点. 方法选择2006年至2009年在我院睡眠监测中心经多导睡眠监测(PSG)确诊的老年OSAHS患者163例,依呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为轻、中、重度组,按照体质指数(BMI)分为正常体质量组和肥胖组,对老年OSAHS患者的临床特点、睡眠监测指标及睡眠结构进行分析,以同期就诊的190例非老年OSAHS患者为对照组. 结果 (1)OSAHS患者中肥胖人群比例为79.1%,其中非老年组肥胖患者比例为83.6%,老年组为70.3%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)老年组的中重度患者比例低于非老年组,两组间AHI、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)＜90%的累积时间占总睡眠时间的百分比(%TRTSaO2＜90%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)老年患者睡眠结构紊乱程度较非老年组严重,非快动眼睡眠(NREM)Ⅲ+Ⅳ期比例明显减少,呼吸性醒觉反应增加.(4)老年患者临床症状不典型,个体差异明显,并存症多.结论 老年OSAHS患者的病情明显轻于非老年患者,但睡眠结构紊乱明显重于非老年患者.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical and pdysomnographic characteristics and related factors of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in elderly patients. Methods The 163 elderly patients with OSAHS confirmed by polysomnography were classified into obesity group and non-obesity group according to body mass index (BMI). All cases were grouped into mild,moderate and severe groups according to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and night SaO2. The 190non-elderly OSAHS patients were as control group at the same time. The clinical and polysomnographic characteristics were recorded and analyzed. Results (1)The proportion of obesity in OSAHS patients was 79. 1%, there was significant difference between the elderly-obesity group and non-elderly-obesity group (70.3% vs. 83.6%, P＜0.05). (2)The proportions of moderate and severe OSAHS patients were lower in elderly group than in non-elderly group. There were significant differences in AHI, the lowest arterial O2 saturation (LSaO2) and % TRT SaO2 ＜90% between the two groups (all P＜0.05). (3)The sleep architecture disturbance was significantly severer in elderly group than in non-elderly group. The percentages of non-rapid eye movementsleep (NREM sleep)stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ sleep were significantly decreased, and the arousal was significantly increased. (4) The syndrome of OSAHS in elderly group was untypical and the clinical complication was increased.Conclusions The elderly OSAHS patients are less severe than non-elderly group, but the elderly patients have worse sleep architecture disturbance and more complications such as hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.     

Early monitoring of pro-brain natriuretic peptide and its diagnostic value in burn victims

Background Myocardial impairment is often precipitated after burn. Previously, cardiac enzyme profile was often measured to determine myocardial injury, but was hardly specific. In this study, we investigated early changes of plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） over time and its diagnostic value in burn patients. Methods 131 patients with heat burn were assigned to mild group （n = 19）, moderate group （n = 31）, severe group （n = 35） and extremely severe group （n = 35） based on their conditions. NT-proBNP and troponin I （cTnI） were continuously measured on days 1, 3, 5 and 7, respectively after admission. Results Significant differences were found on day 3, 5 and 7 between moderate burn group and mild burn group （P 0.05）; increase appeared earlier and lasted longer in severe group and extremely severe group as compared to mild and moderate groups （P 0.05）. Conclusions NT-proBNP is related to the severity of burn and can well reflect the status of myocardial injury in patients with severe burn, making it an ideal marker for myocardial injury in burn patients.     

男性冠心病患者吸烟量与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 探讨非肥胖男性冠心病患者胰岛素抵抗与吸烟总量的关系.方法 连续性非肥胖的冠心病患者共414例,分为从不吸烟组(113例)和吸烟组(301例).通过空腹m糖、空腹胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数,分析其与吸烟量关系.结果 与不吸烟者相比,胰岛素抵抗发生风险OR值在吸烟总量<400支/年吸烟者中为1.09,400～799支/年吸烟者为1.53,≥800支/年吸烟者为1.89.结论 在非肥胖的男性冠心病患者中,胰岛素抵抗的发生风险与吸烟总量呈剂量依赖关系.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between smoking and insulin resistance in non-obese male patients with CAD. Methods 414 consecutive non-obese male patients with angiographically-documented CAD(luminal diameter narrowing>50%)were recruited,including 113 nonsmokers and 301 smokers.With 99 miht smokers(<400 packs/year),95 medium smokers(400-799 packs/year)and 107 heavy smokers(≥800 packs/year).Insulin resistance index(IRI)was expressed by homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)calculated by the formula of[fasting serum glucose(mmol/L)×fasting plasma insulin(mU/L)]/22.5.IRI≥2.69 was defined as insulin resistance,while IRI<2.69 was insulin sensitive.Fasting glucose,fasting insulin and IRI were recorded and odds ratio for the incidence of insulin resistance was calculated.Results Fasting glucose was higher in heavy smokers (5.86 mmol/L)than that in nonsmokers(5.51 mmol/L,P=0.037)and mild smokers(5.33 mmol/L,P=0.014).Fasting insulin and IRI were also significantly higher in heavy smokers(10.25 mU/L)than those in non-smokers(8.72 mU/L,P=0.0231,respectively)and mild smokers(8.67 mU/L,P=0.023 1).Compared with nonsmokers,the odds ratio for the incidence of insulin resistance was 1.53(95%CI 0.55-2.94;P=0.027)in medium smokers and 1.89(95%CI 0.49-3.14;P=0.018)in heavy smokers.Conclusions The relationship between smoking and insulin resistance is highly dose dependent in non-obese male patients with CAD.     

Endocrinology

6.1 Diabetes mellitus 2007165 Evaluation of the first-phase insulin release and insulin sensitivity in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. JIA Weiping(贾伟平), et al. Dept Endocrinol & Metab, 6th People′s Hosp, Shanghai Jiaotong Univ, Shanghai 200233. Chin J Endocrinol Metab 2007;23(2):100-103. Objective To evaluate the first-phase insulin release and insulin sensitivity in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 332 patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes were classified into two groups of normal or abnormal islet function according to arginine stimulation test, and their results were evaluated. Results(1)Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, femoral circumference, fasting serum true insulin and triglyceride in normal islet function group were significantly higher than those in abnormal group (all P<0.01). (2) After adjusting gender, age, BMI and waist to hip ratio, increment of true insulin (△TI) and insulin resistant index (HOMA-IR) in normal group were significantly higher than those in abnormal group (both P<0.01). (3)The proportion of patients of normal insulin releasing function with insulin resistance, patients of normal insulin releasing function without insulin resistance, patients of impaired insulin releasing function with insulin resistance and patients of impaired insulin releasing function without insulin resistance were 35.11%, 5.02%, 29.78% and 30.09%, respectively. Conclusion The patients with type 2 diabetes could be divided into three categories being simple islet function abnormality, simple insulin resistance and islet function abnormality combined with insulin resistance. Both diagnosis and therapy project should be based on such pathophysiological assessment.     

福州城镇男性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者睾酮水平研究

目的 研究福州城镇男性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的血清睾酮水平及经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)治疗对OSAHS患者血清睾酮水平的影响.方法 182例入选者经多导睡眠监测,按年龄分25～45岁、46～65岁两层,再按睡眠呼吸紊乱严重程度进行分组:分别为正常对照组(20例、21例)、单纯性鼾症组(14例、13例)、轻度OSAHS组(21例、17例)、中度OSAHS组(19例、19例)、重度OSAHS组(18例、20例).在多导睡眠监测次晨抽取外周静脉血用电化学发光法测定血清睾酮.对比正常对照组、单纯性鼾症组、OSAHS组间睾酮水平的差异,分析睾酮水平与睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)、体质量指数(BMI)之间的相关性.开展nCPAP干预实验,对接受/未接受nCPAP治疗的中重度OSANS患者随访3个月,复查多导睡眠监测及血清睾酮指标.结果 ①正常对照组与单纯性鼾症组2组间血清睾酮差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).OSAHS组血清睾酮较正常对照组及单纯性鼾症组低.②睾酮与AHI、BMI、年龄均呈负相关(r=-0.589,P＜0.01;r=-0.225;P＜0.05;r=-0.454,P＜0.01),睾酮与最低SaO2呈正相关(r=0.459,P＜0.01).③中重度OSAHS患者中,接受nCPAP治疗者随访3个月后,血清睾酮水平升高(P＜0.01).未接受nCPAP治疗者随访3个月后,血清睾酮水平无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 ①OSAHS患者血清睾酮水平低,血清睾酮水平与AHI、BMI呈负相关.②OSAHS患者血清睾酮水平随年龄增加而降低.③nCPAP治疗可改善OSAHS患者血清睾酮水平.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the testosterone levels in Fuzhou urban male patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and impact of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment. Methods Following polysomnographic examination, 182 sbjucts were assigned to 25-45years and 46-65years two groups. Each group consist of:control group(20,21 case), simple snores(14,13case), mild OSAHS(21,17case) ,moderate OSAHS(19,19 case),and severe OSAHS (18,20case). The serum level of testosterone was measured after sleep at the polysomnographic examination night. Of 76 patients with moderate or severe OSAHS, 29 patients who underwent nCPAP therapy were set as "nCPAP group" ,47 patients who did not undergo nCPAP therapy were set as "control group". 10 patients were excluded from further follow-up. The assessment protocol was then repeated after 3 months follow-up. Results ①There were no statistically significant differences of the serum level of testosterone between simple snores and control group. The serum level of testosterone was significantly lower in OSAHS patient. ② Liner regression analysis showed the serum level of testosterone was negatively correlated with AHI, BMI, year( r = -0.589, P ＜0. 01; r = -0.225, P ＜0.05; r = - 0.454, P＜0. 01), testosterone was correlated with SaO2 ( r =0.459, P ＜0.01). ③After 3 months nCPAP therapy in OSAHS patients, the serum level of testosterone was significantly increased ( P ＜ 0.01). While there were no similar changes in OSAHS patients without nCPAP therapy( P >0. 05). Conclusions ①OSAHS patients have lower level of testosterone. The serum level of testosterone was negatively correlated with AHI,BMI. ②As the age older,the serum level of testosterone lower in OSAHS patients. ③The serum level of testosterone could be improved by nCPAP therapy in OSAHS patients.     

高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者胰岛素抵抗临床分析

目的:探讨高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者发生胰岛素抵抗(IR)情况。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,选择高血压患者93例,根据多导睡眠仪监测的结果,将合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者42例作为睡眠呼吸暂停组,单纯高血压患者51例作为高血压组,所入选的患者均行血生化检查。结果:(1)睡眠呼吸暂停组的收缩压、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、体质量、体质量指数(BMI)、颈围、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、空腹血糖(FPG)、2h血糖(2hPG)、空腹血胰岛素(FIns)和稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)均高于高血压组(P<0.05);(2)睡眠呼吸暂停组的呼吸暂停或低通气次数、呼吸暂停或低通气累计时间、AHI、平均血氧饱和度、夜间平均血氧饱和度、血氧饱和度<90%时间、血氧饱和度<90%缺氧事件总数、睡眠期间血氧饱和度<90%的时间占睡眠时间百分比均高于高血压组(P<0.01);(3)Pearson相关分析显示,IR与TC、TG、FIns、FPG、2hPG、体质量、BMI、颈围、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、呼吸暂停或低通气次数、呼吸暂停或低通气累计时间、AHI、血氧饱和度<90%时间和血氧饱和度<90%缺氧事件总数呈正相关,IR与夜间平均血氧饱和度呈负相关;(4)以IR为因变量行多元线性逐步回归分析,FIns、FPG、腰围和呼吸暂停或低通气累计时间是IR的独立影响因素。结论:高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的糖代谢异常和夜间缺氧可能参与IR。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血清脂肪细胞因子变化及其临床意义

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者血清脂联素、抵抗素变化及其临床意义。方法选择年龄、BMI匹配的OSAHS患者90例（OSAHS组）和单纯肥胖者33例（对照组）;根据呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）将OSAHS组分为轻度组、中度组和重度组,并检测各组血清脂联素、抵抗素、血压、空腹血糖（FPG）、胰岛素（FINS）、血脂,以及AHI、最低血氧饱和度（SaO2）。结果与对照组比较,OSAHS组抵抗素、AHI、FINS明显升高,脂联素、最低SaO2明显降低（P〈0.05或〈0.01）;轻度组、中度组和重度组间脂联素、抵抗素比较有统计学差异（P均〈0.05）。OSAHS患者血清脂联素水平与血压、BMI、FPG、AHI呈负相关,与最低SaO2呈正相关（P〈0.01或〈0.05）;抵抗素水平与BMI、FINS、AHI呈正相关,与最低SaO2呈负相关（P〈0.01或〈0.05）。结论 OSAHS患者血清脂联素降低、抵抗素升高,其水平与OSAHS病情严重程度相关,是导致OASHS发生、发展的重要因素。     

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者冠心病发病风险的调查

目的对老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者冠心病的发病风险进行调查。方法选择2015年5月~2018年5月海南省人民医院经整夜多导睡眠监测诊断为OSAHS患者60例,根据患者病情严重程度分为轻度组19例,中度组18例,重度组23例。按2︰1原则选择同期我院健康体检中心进行体检的非OSAHS患者30例(对照组)。采集各组患者基本信息,通过多导睡眠监测仪监测呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI),根据AHI评估患者病情,进一步采用Framingham危险评分及欧洲心脏外科手术风险评估系统(EuroSCORE)对研究对象进行评估。结果与对照组比较,中度组和重度组Framingham危险评分和EuroSCORE明显升高[(7.94±3.49)分、(10.30±3.01)分vs(2.82±1.39)分,(2.25±0.86)分、(3.25±0.85)分vs(1.31±0.48)分,P<0.05)]。相关性分析显示,OSAHS患者AHI分别与Framingham危险评分及EuroSCORE呈正相关(r=0.709,P=0.028;r=0.726,P=0.019)。结论老年OSAHS患者随着病情的加重,冠心病相关事件发生风险明显升高。     

OSAHS 患者视网膜神经纤维层厚度的研究

目的：评估 OSAHS 患者视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度变化。方法收集2014年6~10月于秦皇岛市第一医院初次应用多导睡眠监测仪诊断 OSAHS 患者共30例,选取健康体检患者15例,年龄30~50岁,无视野缺损,进行病例对照研究。应用光学相干断层成像(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测量患者视网膜神经纤维层厚度来评估 OSAHS 的 RNFL情况。结果与正常对照组比较,OSAHS 患者平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度降低,且差异有统计学意义,对照组(121.5±7.9)μm,OSHSA 组(116.3±8.3)μm (P <0.01),同样鼻侧也是降低的, OSAHS (70.4±3.8)μm,对照组(70.7±6.7)μm (P <0.05)。而上侧 OSAHS 组(140.2±8.3)μm,对照组(140.0±9.0)μm (P >0.05),下侧 OSAHS 组(140.5±8.3)μm,对照组(140.3±7.5)μm (P >0.05),颞侧 OSAHS 组(72.5±6.2)μm,对照组(72.2±5.3)μm 差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。根据呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)将患者分为三组,重度OSAHS 患者较轻度、中度 OSAHS 患者 RNFL 平均值明显降低(P <0.01),而轻度与中度组比较差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。而三组患者上侧、下侧及颞侧 RNFL 差异无统计学意义。OSAHS 组黄斑厚度(173.3±4.7μm)与对照组比较(173.3±4.6)μm 变化不明显(P >0.05)。OSAHS 组与对照组黄斑体积差异无统计学意义,分别为(6.9±0.3)mm3,(6.8±0.3)mm3(P >0.05)。OSAHS患者 AHI 与 RNFL 呈负相关(r =-0.554,P <0.01)。夜间最低血氧饱和度与 RNFL 平均值成正相关(r =0.510,P <0.01)。结论 OSAHS 患者 RNFL 厚度平均值及鼻侧是降低的,RNFL 厚度与AHI 呈负相关,与夜间最低血氧饱和度呈正相关。     

气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压患者脉压的影响

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）合并高血压患者脉压的变化及经鼻持续气道正压通气（nCPAP）的影响。方法选择85例经多导睡眠图仪（PSG）诊断的OSAHS患者,同时随机选取15例中重度OSAHS患者进行nCPAP治疗,在PSG监测前后及期间每2小时测量其血压,计算出脉压、脉压变化幅度、平均收缩压及平均舒张压,并计算体重指数。结果41％OSAHS患者同时合并有高血压;OSAHS合并高血压组患者的呼吸紊乱指数、脉压及体重指数明显高于单纯OSAHS患者,其最低血氧饱和度以及平均血氧饱和度均低于单纯OSAHS患者;重度OSAHS患者的脉压、体重指数、平均收缩压及平均舒张压均明显大于轻、中度OSAHS患者,而轻、中OSAHS患者之间差异无显著性意义。nCPAP可提高OSAHS患者最低血氧饱和度,同时降低其呼吸紊乱指数、平均收缩压、平均舒张压及脉压。相关分析结果表明,呼吸紊乱指数与脉压（r=0．395,P〈0．01）、平均收缩压（r=0．403,P〈0．01）、平均舒张压（r=0．313,P〈0．01）呈正相关,与最低氧饱和度（r=-0．424,P〈0．01）呈负相关,与体重指数、平均氧饱和度无相关。结论脉压是OSAHS的严重程度及是否并发高血压心血管事件的预测因子;nCPAP能下调OSAHS患者脉压及血压,是缓解OSAHS病情进展的有效治疗措施。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血清visfatin变化及其临床意义

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者血清visfatin变化及其临床意义。方法选择年龄、BM I匹配的OSAHS患者33例（OSAHS组）和单纯肥胖者30例（对照组）;并检测两组血清visfatin、血压、空腹血糖（FPG）、胰岛素（FINS）、血脂,以及AHI、最低血氧饱和度（SaO2）。结果与对照组比较,OSAHS组visfatin、AHI、FINS明显升高,最低SaO2明显降低（P〈0.05或〈0.01）。结论 OSAHS患者血清visfatin升高,visfatin可能是导致OASHS发生、发展的因素。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者膈肌对经颅磁刺激的反应

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者经颅磁刺激(TMS)膈肌运动诱发电位(MEP)的变化及可能机制.方法 2005年6月至2006年6月就诊广州医学院第一附属医院呼吸疾病研究所的健康体检者及鼾症患者,分为健康对照组16例,单纯鼾症组7例,OSAHS轻中度组13例及重度组16例,均使用TMS结合经颈椎棘突磁刺激(CMS)及多导食管电极测定右侧膈肌MEP的潜伏期、幅值和中枢运动传导时间(CMCT),5例OSAHS患者经有效鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)治疗超过2个月后复查上述指标.采用SPSS 12.0统计软件进行数据分析,检测结果 以x±s表示.结果 OSAHS重度组右侧膈肌MEP的幅值为(152±116)μV,明显低于健康对照纽的(414±201)μV、单纯性鼾症组的(352±99)μV及OSAHS轻中度组的(372±206)μV;其膈肌MEP的潜伏期和CMCT分别为(18.1±1.8)和(10.6±1.8)ms,与健康对照组的(13.9±1.6)和(7.7±1.7)ms相比,单纯性鼾症组的(14.6±1.6)和(8.1±1.6)ms以及轻中度组的(15.4±2.7)和(9.0±2.2)ms明显延长.膈肌MEP的幅值、潜伏期及CMCT与微醒觉指数、呼吸暂停最长时间、夜间最低脉搏容积血氧饱和度(SpO2)、低氧指数、SpO2<90%占总睡眠时间比例以及呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)均具有相关性.5例重度OSAHS患者经nCPAP治疗超过2个月后,膈肌MEP的潜伏期较治疗前缩短,分别为(17.5±0.6)和(15.5±0.7)ms.结论 OSAHS患者膈肌MEP的潜伏期和CMCT均延长,而MEP的振幅降低,这些变化可能与反复夜间低氧、二氧化碳潴留及睡眠结构紊乱有关.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与抑郁症相关性

目的探讨不同程度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）与抑郁症的关系。方法 88例OSAHS患者根据睡眠呼吸混乱指数（AHI）及夜间最低血氧饱和度被分为轻度、中度及重度组。所有的受试者都接受Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）：包括20项题目,用以评定受试者的抑郁症状,SDS粗分乘以1.25为标准分,以标准分≥50为存在抑郁症状。比较各组之间抑郁症的患病率。结果对照组与OSAHS组的年龄、体重指数差异无统计学意义,但OSAHS组患者的AHI明显高于对照组;而夜间最低血氧饱和度明显低于对照组,此外OSAHS组抑郁的发生率为47.72%,显著高于对照组的13.33%。结论重度OSAHS患者比中度OSAHS患者患抑郁症的几率高,中度OSAHS患者比轻度OSAHS患者抑郁症的几率高,随着病情的逐渐加重,抑郁症的发病率明显增高。因此,及时诊断及治疗OSAHS有利于防止抑郁症的发生。     

Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free DNA in the Serum of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea–Hypopnea Syndrome

Serum cell-free DNA concentrations have been reported to increase in many acute diseases as well as in some chronic conditions such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to examine whether serum DNA concentrations were elevated in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). The effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) on serum DNA were also investigated. One hundred twenty-seven people diagnosed with OSAHS by polysomnography (PSG) were admitted into the OSAHS group, and 52 subjects without OSAHS were recruited for the control group. The OSAHS group was further divided into mild, moderate, and severe OSAHS subgroups based on their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) during sleep. Ten patients with moderate and severe OSAHS were treated with nCPAP. Serum DNA, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured and were found to be significantly higher in patients with moderate and severe OSAHS groups than those in the mild OSAHS and control groups (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that serum DNA correlated positively with AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), IL-6, and MDA, and negatively correlated with minimal oxygen saturation (miniSaO₂) (all p < 0.05). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, only MDA and miniSaO₂ were suggested as significant independent predictors for the serum DNA concentrations. After 6 months of nCPAP therapy, serum concentrations of DNA, IL-6, and MDA were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The increasing concentration of serum DNA in patients with OSAHS was positively correlated with disease severity. Serum DNA may become an important parameter for monitoring the severity of OSAHS and effectiveness of therapy.     

OSAHS患者认知功能的变化与生活质量的关系

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者认知功能的变化及与生活质量的关系。方法选择在宣武医院就诊的OSAHS患者90例,根据呼吸暂停低通气指数分为轻、中、重组各30例,采集记录简易智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）、Epwotth嗜睡量表（ESS）及生活质量量表（SF-36）。结果①各组OSAHS患者年龄、性别、体重指数、受教育程度比较,P〉0.05。②各组OSAHS患者呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、最长呼吸暂停时间（LAT）、血氧饱和度小于0.9时间占睡眠时间百分比9SLT90％）及夜间最低血氧饱和度（SaO2man）比较,P〈0.01。③重度OSAHS组MMSE总分明显低于轻、中度OsAHS组,P〈0.05;在记忆力、注意力和计算力、回忆能力得分明显低于轻、中度OSAHS组,P〈0.01。轻、中度OSAHS组MMSE总分及在记忆力、注意力和计算力、回忆能力得分比较,P〉0.05。④各组OSAHS患者ESS评分比较,P〈0.01。重度OSAHS组患者SF-36总分明显低于轻、中度OSAHS组,P〈0.01;轻、中度OSAHS组患者SF-36总分比较,P〉0.05。⑤MMSE总分与SaO,wan呈正相关,P〈0.01,与AHI、LAT、SLT90％、ESS呈负相关,P〈0.01;MMSE总分与SF-36总分正相关,P〈0.01。结论①重度OSAHS患者较轻、中度OSAHS患者认知功能明显下降,主要表现在学习、记忆、计算、结构方面的损害。②OSAHS患者认知功能损害与疾病严重程度及白天过度嗜睡密切相关。③OSAHS患者认知功能改变可影响OSAHS患者的生活质量。