肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT与MRI诊断

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT与MRI影像学表现。方法回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌病例的CT、MRI及病理表现,结合相关文献讨论。结果病理结果显示6例囊腺瘤,2例囊腺癌,影像学检查示8例均为单发囊性病灶,其中7例见分隔,为多房病灶,可见壁结节,增强后轻至中度强化。除以上表现,CT平扫示1例分隔细线样钙化。MRI还可显示病灶成分,影像表现与病理对照良好,2例MRCP示肝内胆管扩张且与病灶相连。结论CT、MRI对肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的术前诊断具有较高价值。     

肝胆管囊腺瘤的影像学表现

目的 探讨肝胆管囊腺瘤CT、MRI及B超表现,提高其诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析9例经病理证实的肝胆管囊腺瘤患者,螺旋CT检查7例,MRI检查4例,B超检查5例.结果 7例患者CT平扫表现为多房囊性病变,囊内可见线状分隔,囊壁均匀增厚,壁光滑;MRI检查4例患者中,病变T1WI呈低信号多房囊性占位,T2WI病灶呈高信号为主混杂信号,囊内分隔呈低信号,增强后动脉期囊壁及分隔轻度强化,门脉期及延迟期继续强化.B超检查5例患者表现为肝内无回声暗区,边界清楚,内见多条强回声带,可见分隔或乳头状隆起.结论 平扫加动态增强CT、MRI及B超能够特征性反映肝胆管囊腺瘤的影像学特点,提高该疾病的诊断准确率.     

肝胆管囊腺瘤及囊腺癌的CT诊断

目的 探讨肝胆管囊腺瘤( hepatobiliary cystadenoma,HBC)及肝胆管囊腺癌( hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma,HBCC )的CT表现.资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的8例HBC及1例HBCC患者的CT表现.结果 9例均表现为多房性、多分叶的囊样占位,囊内均见分隔,分隔强化均低于周围肝实质;1例HBC及1例HBCC见壁结节,壁结节强化均高于周围肝实质;;3例囊壁上见结节状钙化;病灶近端及远端胆管同时扩张者3例,远端胆管扩张者2例;;4例行增强扫描示门静脉分支受压变窄.结论 肝内单个多房性、分叶状的囊样占位是HBC 的主要CT表现.     

肝胆管囊腺瘤及囊腺癌的CT诊断

目的 探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤及囊腺癌的CT表现及其病理学改变，评价CT对其诊断价值。方法 搜集6例经手术病理证实的肝胆管囊腺瘤及囊腺癌的病例，其中3例作常规CT平扫及增强扫描，3例作螺旋CT平扫及肝动脉门静脉双期增强扫描。回顾性分析6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤及胆管囊腺癌的CT表现，并与病理组织检查结果对照。结果 1例胆管囊腺瘤，呈多囊性病灶，囊壁光整，厚薄一致，部分分隔有较均匀的增厚。1例胆管囊腺瘤恶变，为单囊性病灶；4例胆管囊腺癌中3例为单囊性病灶，1例为多囊性病变。CT均见囊内主要为水样密度，5例恶性者中4例可见壁结节和(或)乳头状突起，另外1例有囊壁局部增厚；3例有厚薄不均的分隔，2例有囊壁钙化，1例有囊内出血，呈液液平征。常规增强扫描囊壁和分隔有强化。螺旋CT双期增强扫描动脉期囊壁及壁上结节明显强化，门脉期强化减退。结论 CT可显示肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的一些特征性表现，却难于鉴别良性胆管细胞囊腺瘤与恶性胆管细胞囊腺癌。如见病灶有间隔增厚、壁上结节或乳头状突起、囊内出血以及伴粗大钙化者多考虑为恶性的胆管细胞囊腺癌，肝内胆管囊腺瘤与囊腺癌鉴别主要依靠病理。     

肝胆管囊腺瘤的CT表现

目的：探讨肝胆管囊腺瘤（HBC）的螺旋CT影像特征,提高肝胆管囊腺瘤的诊断准确率。方法：回顾性分析12例经病理证实的肝胆管囊腺瘤的CT表现,并复习文献。结果：12例肝胆管囊腺瘤的CT均表现为多房囊性病变,囊内有分隔,囊壁较薄,光滑,部分囊壁均匀增厚,增强后囊壁及分隔轻度强化,延迟期呈等密度。结论：平扫加动态增强CT能较好反应HBC的影像学特点,提高了和其它肝脏肿瘤的鉴别诊断能力。     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤的CT征象分析

目的 :探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤的CT征象,以提高对肝内胆管囊腺瘤诊断的准确率。方法 :回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的肝内胆管囊腺瘤的CT资料。结果:6例均为多房囊性病灶,呈类圆形、椭圆形甚至趋于分叶状改变,囊壁光滑,边界尚清晰,囊内密度较均匀,其内可见分隔,1例边界欠清晰,3例分隔均匀增厚,2例囊壁可见点状改变,1例可见壁结节;增强扫描囊壁、分隔及壁结节强化,囊内低密度灶均未见强化。结论:肝内胆管囊腺瘤的CT表现有一定的特征性,单囊或多囊伴分隔、囊壁结节,并可见囊壁及分隔钙化,增强扫描囊壁、分隔及附壁结节强化,囊液不强化。掌握其CT表现,有助于提高对该病诊断及其鉴别诊断的能力。     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤的影像学诊断和鉴别诊断

目的 分析肝内胆管囊腺瘤的CT、MRI表现提高对该病的诊断与鉴别诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的肝内胆管囊腺瘤的CT、MRI资料.结果 6例均为单发,均累及肝左叶,除1例为单房,其余5例均为多房囊性病灶.5例可见囊内结节,增强后均不同程度强化.CT平扫示1例分隔细线样钙化.3例MRI表现为长T1长T2信号,1例为稍短T1长T2信号.1例MRCP示肝内胆管扩张并与病灶相连.结论 CT、MRI能清晰显示肝内胆管囊腺瘤的特征性表现(多房、囊内分隔、结节、钙化等),可为本病诊断与鉴别诊断提供依据.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤CT、MRI诊断

目的:总结肝内胆管囊腺瘤CT、MRI表现特点,评价CT、MRI对其诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的5例肝内胆管囊腺瘤临床及CT、MRI资料.结果:男2例,女3例;肝左叶4例,右叶1例;5例均为单发,单房2例.多房3例,囊壁结节或乳头状突起3例,囊壁点状钙化1例,胆总管囊状扩张2例,增强扫描囊壁、分隔、壁结节及乳头状突起强化.结论:肝内胆管囊腺瘤CT、MRI表现具有特征性,囊性病变伴有分隔、囊壁结节或乳头状突起提示囊腺瘤诊断,胆总管明显扩张是诊断与胆管相通粘液性囊腺瘤的一个重要间接征象.     

肝胆管囊腺癌影像学表现

目的 探讨肝胆管囊腺癌的CT、MRI及B超表现,提高其诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析18例经病理证实的肝胆管囊腺癌患者,螺旋CT检查6例、MRI检查5例,B超检查7例.结果 18例肝胆管囊腺癌患者中多囊性病灶2例,16例为单囊性病灶.CT平扫及MRI T1WI均表现为囊性占位,囊内可见分隔和乳头样、条状实性突起,囊壁不均匀增厚,T2WI病灶呈高信号为主,囊内分隔及乳头样、条状实性突起呈低信号,增强后动脉期囊壁、分隔及实性部分轻度强化,门脉期进一步强化,延迟期减退但仍有强化.B超均表现肝内液性为主的囊实性混合回声团块,边界较模糊,边缘高低不平,囊内有棉絮状或乳头状赘生物.结论 平扫加动态增强CT、MRI及B超能够一定程度反映肝胆管囊腺癌的影像学特点,对于提高该疾病的诊断具有一定参考价值.     

肝脏胆管囊腺癌影像学诊断的价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声和介入超声技术及其他影像学检查在肝脏胆管囊腺癌(HBCAC)诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析1995年~2005年6例临床材料完整且经病理证实的HBCAC。结果:HBCAC患者的临床表现和实验室检查缺乏特异性;影像学表现为肝内单发或多发囊性病灶,囊壁明显增厚,囊壁上可见结节回声,囊内探及分隔回声,囊壁及囊内分隔探及血流信号,囊壁结节探及血流信号,无肝内外胆管扩张。二维及彩色多普勒超声和介入超声技术结合CT及MRI对HBCAC的诊断符合率较高。结论:彩色多普勒超声技术应作为诊断HBCAC的首选方法,增强CT、MRI检查、超声引导下穿刺或病灶囊液抽吸涂片检查具有确诊断值。     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT对肝胆管囊腺瘤的诊断价值. 资料与方法 3例肝内胆管囊腺瘤均经病理证实.使用16层螺旋CT扫描仪.2例行冠状面、矢状面最大信号强度投影(MIP),1例行容积再现(VR);增强扫描行动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期扫描. 结果 3例均为多房性囊性结构肿块,囊壁及多房分隔平扫呈稍低密度,囊内液性部分呈低密度,增强动脉期、门静脉期囊壁及多房分隔呈不同程度强化,2例延迟期强化,囊壁及多房分隔显示较平扫清楚;其中1例多房分隔较薄不规则,可见壁结节,增强后冠状及矢状面MIP像上清晰显示囊肿内下部分较完整的分隔及壁结节;1例囊壁及多房分隔光滑,局部增厚,增强后冠状及矢状面MIP图像清楚显示不同角度的多房分隔的形态,VR图像显示门脉左支血管腔明显受压、变细、移位;1例囊壁及多房分隔较厚不规则. 结论 肝内胆管囊腺瘤的多层螺旋CT具有一定的特征性表现,结合三维重组图像及动态增强扫描对诊断有重要价值.     

Discrimination of unilocular macrocystic serous cystadenoma from pancreatic pseudocyst and mucinous cystadenoma with CT: initial observations

PURPOSE: To compare the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of pancreatic unilocular macrocystic serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma, and pseudocyst to determine if there are findings that assist in the differential diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT findings in 33 patients (24 women, nine men; age range, 18-84 years; mean age, 41 years) with unilocular pancreatic lesions (macrocystic serous cystadenoma, n = 12; mucinous cystadenoma, n = 11; pseudocyst, n = 10) were retrospectively and jointly reviewed by two blinded observers. Twenty-three patients underwent helical CT, which included pancreatic and portal venous phase imaging with delays of 40 seconds and 65 seconds, respectively, after contrast material injection. Ten patients underwent conventional (nonhelical) CT. The number, size, location, and contour of lesions were reviewed, along with wall thickness and enhancement and other signs of pancreatic and peripancreatic involvement. Diagnosis was based on lesion resection (n = 22) or on a combination of cytologic findings, biochemical markers, and tumor markers (n = 11). The Fisher exact test was used to analyze the results. RESULTS: Three of four CT findings were independently specific for macrocystic serous cystadenoma: location in the pancreatic head, lobulated contour, and absence of wall enhancement. When two of these four criteria were used in combination, 83% (10 of 12) of patients with unilocular macrocystic serous cystadenoma were identified. When three or four of these criteria were used, a specificity of 100% was achieved. Location in the pancreatic head (P <.05), lobulated contour (P <.005), and lack of wall enhancement (P <.005) were specific for macrocystic serous cystadenoma in comparison with mucinous cystic tumor. Lobulated contours (P <.005) were specific for macrocystic serous cystadenoma in comparison with pseudocyst. Other CT findings were not helpful in distinguishing between the three types of lesions. CONCLUSION: A combination of CT findings is helpful in making the diagnosis of pancreatic unilocular macrocystic serous cystadenoma.     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤CT诊断和鉴别诊断

目的 探讨肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT表现. 资料与方法 回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的螺旋CT扫描资料,重点分析其动脉期强化特点. 结果 6例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤4例位于右侧,2例位于左侧.病灶呈圆形或椭圆形,边界清晰.5例病灶密度均匀,1例病灶中心部分囊变,2例病灶含针尖状钙化.增强扫描后1例病灶呈均匀性强化,4例无强化. 结论 肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT特征有助于诊断和鉴别诊断.     

胰腺黏液性囊腺肿瘤的CT表现

目的 探讨胰腺黏液性囊腺肿瘤的CT表现,以提高对该肿瘤的鉴别诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析20例经病理证实的胰腺黏液性囊腺肿瘤患者的CT资料,分别由2名医师采用盲法对肿瘤囊的数量、大小、位置、边界、壁厚度、分隔、肿瘤内钙化、壁结节和强化情况进行评价.所有患者均行CT平扫及增强扫描,比较良恶性病变患者上述征象的差异.采用Fisher检验进行统计学分析.结果 良性胰腺黏液性囊腺肿瘤(黏液性囊腺瘤)12例,恶性胰腺黏液性囊腺肿瘤8例(其中包括3例交界性黏液性囊腺瘤和5例黏液性囊腺癌).16例(16/20)病灶位于胰腺体尾部.12例良性黏液性囊腺瘤中出现厚壁4例,肿瘤内钙化和壁结节各2例;而8例恶性胰腺黏液性囊腺肿瘤中出现厚壁7例,肿瘤内钙化和壁结节各5例,厚壁、肿瘤内钙化和壁结节在良恶性肿瘤间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 胰腺黏液性囊腺肿瘤的CT表现形式多样,具有一定特征性,其征象有助于胰腺黏液性囊腺肿瘤的良恶性鉴别.     

Focal peliosis hepatis as a mimicker of hepatic tumors: radiological-pathological correlation

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate the radiological findings in patients with focal peliosis hepatis and to correlate them with pathological findings. METHODS: Eight patients with pathologically proven peliosis hepatis underwent ultrasonography (n = 6), computed tomography (CT; n =8), and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 3). Two radiologists analyzed the images for the size, margin, echogenicity, presence of posterior acoustic enhancement, and enhancement pattern of the lesion. The enhancement patterns on CT or MRI were correlated with the pathological findings. RESULTS: The average lesion size was 1.9 cm. On ultrasonography, 4 lesions were ill defined and low echoic compared with the hepatic parenchyma. Two lesions showed posterior acoustic enhancement. In 4 lesions, centripetal enhancement was observed on dynamic CT images. Two lesions showed homogeneously high and 2 showed persistently low enhancement patterns. On dynamic MR phases, 2 lesions showed strong and persistent enhancement. In 1 lesion, MR showed slow centripetal enhancement. In the 3 patients who showed a homogeneously high enhancement pattern on dynamic CT or MRI, microscopic examination demonstrated that the dilated sinusoids were filled with fresh blood cells. On the contrary, in 5 patients who showed a centripetal or persistently low enhancement pattern, their dilated sinusoids were filled with old stagnated blood. CONCLUSIONS: Focal peliosis hepatis showed various enhancement patterns on contrast-enhanced CT and MRI, depending on the histopathologic findings.     

卵巢囊腺瘤与囊腺癌的CT诊断

目的探讨CT在卵巢囊腺瘤和囊腺癌中的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性复习经手术和病理证实的13例卵巢囊性肿瘤,总结其CT表现和特征。结果13例中浆液性囊腺瘤7例,黏液性囊腺瘤4例;浆液性乳头状囊腺癌Ⅰ例（Ⅱa型）,黏液性囊腺癌Ⅰ例（Ⅱb型）。囊腺瘤表现为薄壁的单房或多房囊肿,无壁结节;囊腺癌表现为不规则厚壁,间隔增厚,并有壁结节,软组织成分多。术前CT诊断正确Ⅱ例（84．6％）,误诊2例（15、4％）。结论CT能很好显示卵巢囊腺瘤、囊腺癌的特征,在鉴别良、恶性卵巢囊腺性肿瘤上有价值。     

多层螺旋CT对胰腺囊腺瘤与囊腺癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的多层螺旋CT表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析21例经手术病理证实的胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的多层螺旋CT表现。所有患者均行CT平扫及增强扫描,并采用多平面重组（MPR）和最大密度投影（MIP）等方法对图像进行后处理。结果：21例中胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤7例,其特征性的CT表现有蜂窝样囊性病灶（6例）且单个小囊最大直径≤2cm、分叶状（4例）、囊壁及囊内间隔增强后呈轻度强化（7例）、囊壁光整（7例）。黏液性囊腺瘤4例,主要CT表现为多房囊性病灶（4／4）、绝大多数小囊的最大直径〉2cm、囊壁较厚且厚薄不均（4例）、2例可见壁结节,增强扫描示囊壁、分隔及壁结节有轻度一中度强化。胰腺囊腺癌10例,CT平扫示肿瘤呈囊状低密度影,有壁结节及分隔;增强扫描示囊壁、壁结节及分隔呈中度一明显强化。结论：胰腺黏液性和浆液性囊腺瘤及囊腺癌的MSCT表现有一定特征性,MSCT对本病的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

Osteoma of the inner table of the skull--CT diagnosis

AIM: The purpose of this study was to ascertain CT criteria for the differentiation of osteoma of the internal table of the skull (OIT) from meningioma.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with proven OIT by operation or by post-mortem examination and 100 patients with proven meningioma were studied.RESULTS: Unenhanced computed tomography (UCT) and enhanced CT (ECT) was performed in each case and images on brain and bone window settings were evaluated. Measurements were taken of the widest and narrowest diameters of the OIT on the bone window images. The OIT appeared as an ivory-density, mushroom-like mass with well-defined borders attached to the inner table of the skull by a bony stalk or neck. The ratio between the widest diameter of the mass and the narrowest area of the stalk or neck ranged from 1.6 to 6. The CT features of 100 meningiomas were not consistent with OIT, using the following parameters: contrast enhancement, surrounding vasogenic oedema, dural lucent line, osteolytic bone lesion and cystic component. Hard meningiomas without contrast enhancement did not present with a bony stalk or neck. No meningioma had the CT features of OIT, and no OIT had the CT features of meningioma. No patient operated on for OIT showed any clinical improvement following surgery.CONCLUSIONS: Computed tomography examination can be sufficient for the diagnosis of OIT and may therefore prevent unnecessary surgery.Avrahami, E., Even, I. (2000). Clinical Radiology55, 435-438.     

肝脏原发性平滑肌瘤的影像表现

目的探讨肝脏原发性平滑肌瘤的影像特征。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的3例无免疫缺陷的肝脏原发性平滑肌瘤患者CT和MRI表现，及其与临床、病理间的联系。2例行CT检查，2例行MR检查。结果2例CT检查者病灶呈低密度，2例MRI检查者病灶呈长T1、长T2信号。1例密度和信号均匀，呈明显均匀强化；2例不均匀，1例增强后不均匀强化。3例均有假包膜征，无肝硬化和静脉瘤栓。病理示梭形肿瘤细胞增殖，毛细血管增生；1例伴中心玻璃样变，1例伴中心液化坏死。结论肝脏原发性平滑肌瘤是富血管性有假包膜的肿瘤，CT和MR检查对诊断有一定帮助。