血管腔内支架治疗动脉狭窄性病变的临床分析

目的 初步评价金属内支架治疗动脉狭窄性病变的疗效及安全性。方法 利用血管腔内支架置入共治疗34例动脉狭窄性病变,其中降主动脉1例,髂动脉27例,股动脉2例,颈动脉1例,锁骨下动脉2例,肾动脉1例。动脉硬化性病变33例,多发性大动脉炎1例。动脉经皮穿刺26例,动脉直视下穿刺8例。结果 34例血管腔内支架均置放成功,1例降主动脉段病例于术后当日死亡,系降主动脉破裂。球囊扩张后动脉形成夹层分离有13例,穿刺点血肿形成11例。颈动脉段1例术中及术后未发生TIA及脑梗塞。下肢动脉各段术中及术后未发生远端肢体动脉急性栓塞。踝肱指数从术前平均0．45升至0．72。2例锁骨下动脉病变患者术后患肢血压恢复正常。1例肾动脉狭窄患者血压从术前180／120mm Hg下降至140／90mm Hg。所有存活病例均得到随访,随访1－26个月,2例髂动脉病变分别于术后4个月及6个月血栓形成,余扩张段动脉均通畅。结论 血管腔内支架对动脉狭窄性病变疗效满意,尤其适用于髂动脉、锁骨下动脉短段狭窄的患者。对颈动脉狭窄性病变使用需慎重。     

球囊扩张式覆膜支架在血管疾病中的应用

回顾性分析2020年7至11月复旦大学附属中山医院系统Lifestream 球囊扩张式覆膜支架应用于治疗血管疾病的9例病例, 年龄39～80(64.3±12.7)岁, 均为男性。共应用10枚Lifestream球囊扩张式覆膜支架, 4枚应用于4例髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变, 1枚应用于腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内修复过程中髂支补救性重建;5枚应用于4例胸、腹主动脉患者腔内修复中内脏及弓上分支动脉重建, 其中植入于肾动脉3枚、2枚分别作为烟囱支架用于左锁骨下动脉和左侧颈总动脉重建。4例髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变中, 完全覆盖病变, 无明显残余狭窄。1例腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤髂支压迫, 经植入Lifestream后完全纠正。4例主动脉病例中, 均完成分支动脉重建, 其中1例主动脉弓假性动脉瘤腔内修复术中应用者(烟囱)出现少量Ⅰ型内漏, 随访1个月后内漏消失。应用Lifestream总体技术成功率及手术成功率为100%, 围手术期无心肌梗死、脑梗死、死亡等重大并发症发生;中位随访时间10个月, 所有靶血管通畅, 无支架移位、断裂、支架内狭窄等支架相关并发症发生。本研究显示Lifestream球囊扩张式覆膜支架适用...     

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目的总结逆行锁骨下动脉支架植入治疗重度锁骨下动脉狭窄和闭塞的初步临床经验方法1999年9月至2003年7月采取经肱动脉逆行植入支架治疗锁骨下动脉重度狭窄和闭塞共19例术前诊断包括彩色多普勒超声检查和动脉造影确诊手术方法是经患侧上肢肘部小切口解剖肱动脉，逆行造影和支架植入。结果本组支架植入成功18例，支架植入满意，无移位。失败1例．因病变闭塞完全，导丝无法通过闭塞部位而转行手术治疗。治疗成功的18例中随访16例，随访时间2～48个月，平均24个月失访2例。随访率88.9％一有2例分别于术后11个月和14个月出现再狭窄，1例再次行球囊扩张成功，1例转行手术治疗结论逆行锁骨下动脉支架植入是治疗锁骨下动脉重度狭窄和闭塞安全有效的方法     

肾动脉狭窄80例外科治疗

目的 探讨肾动脉狭窄外科治疗方法的选择和疗效.方法 回顾性分析1997年11月到2008年8月80例肾动脉狭窄患者的外科治疗经验.男性53例,女性27例,年龄9～80岁.病变包括动脉硬化42例,大动脉炎23例,肌纤维发育不良11例.共接受外科治疗83人次,其中腹主动脉肾动脉旁路术13例,自体肾移植术5例,肾切除术1例,肾动脉内膜切除术1例,肾动脉狭窄段切除吻合术1例,球囊扩张术14例,支架成形术48例.结果 围手术期死亡1例.63例获得随访,随访时间1～129个月,2例死亡.随访患者血压(135.7±15.8)/(80.1±8.5)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133kPa),较术前(149.8±18.3)/(88±13.6)mm Hg下降(P<0.01).总的降压有效率为65.6%,动脉硬化、大动脉炎、肌纤维发育不良患者的降压有效率分别为50%、73.3%和100%(P<0.05).随访患者肌酐(112.7±53.6)/μmol/L,低于术前(131.7±91.7)μmol/L(P<0.05).结论 肾动脉狭窄通过外科治疗可以有效改善血压和肾功能,动脉硬化病变首选支架成形,肌纤维发育不良性病变首选球囊扩张,大动脉炎性病变首选手术治疗.     

长支架植入治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞症的临床研究

目的观察长支架治疗长段或多节段股腘动脉狭窄闭塞病变的可行性及近期疗效。方法 2008年11月—2010年10月收治60例(共70条肢体)股腘动脉硬化闭塞的患者,应用长球囊对狭窄或闭塞性病变进行扩张成形后植入自膨式长支架(长度8～20 cm)治疗;对合并膝下动脉硬化闭塞者(24条肢体)同期应用DEEP球囊进行扩张成形。观察技术成功率、术中及术后并发症发生率和临床疗效。结果股腘动脉球囊扩张和长支架植入的技术成功率为94.3%(66/70条肢体);同期膝下动脉球囊扩张成功率为83.3%(20/24条肢体),其中3例胫腓干因扩张后弹性回缩各植入支架1枚。术后患者临床症状均明显改善,静息痛消失;ABI由术前0.45(0.44±0.20)提高至0.84(0.86±0.24)(P<0.01)。仅在股浅动脉扩张后局部破裂形成肌间血肿2例,未发生其他并发症。结论长支架治疗长段或多节段股腘动脉狭窄闭塞病变是一种微创、安全、近期疗效好的治疗方法,远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

多发性大动脉炎5例

1 临床资料 多发性大动脉炎5例,男1例,女4例,年龄18～49岁,病史7～96个月.均全身乏力,有长期发热史3例,头晕头痛3例,视物模糊2例,高血压4例,脑梗塞1例,双上肢无力3例,双下肢无力1例,皮下疼痛结节1例,生活不能自理2例.体格检查:双上肢无脉或脉微弱3例,下肢脉微弱1例,颈双侧压痛2例,皮下压痛结节1例,颈部血管杂音2例.4例行动脉造影(DSA)检查:1例腹主动脉及左肾动脉狭窄;1例示头臂干狭窄,右颈总动脉狭窄60～70%,左颈总动脉近端完全闭塞,右锁骨下动脉起始有血栓并完全闭塞,左锁骨下动脉中段闭塞,左椎动脉及左胸廓内动脉显影好;2例头臂干狭闭及双颈动脉狭窄.1例彩超示:左侧颈动脉闭塞,双锁骨下动脉重度狭窄右颈动脉轻、中度狭窄.     

肝移植术后并发症的介入治疗

目的评价肝移植术后多种并发症的介入治疗。方法回顾性的分析肝移植术后出现各种并发症并进行介入治疗的82例患者,胆管病变62例;肝动脉病变8例;下腔静脉病变13例;肝静脉狭窄7例;门静脉病变9例。胆管并发症采用经T管置入引流管、经皮肝穿刺胆管行胆汁引流或球囊扩张术。球囊扩张成形术或(和)金属支架植入术处理血管狭窄的患者;局部溶栓治疗用于术后血管内血栓形成的病例。结果在胆管并发症患者中,41例经T管置入引流管,34例行经皮穿刺胆汁引流(PTBD),球囊扩张胆道成形术9例。3例肝动脉狭窄的患者接受了球囊扩张成形术或支架植入术,1例肝动脉形成血栓者行插管溶栓,效果良好。9例下腔静脉狭窄患者行支架植入术,1例接受了球囊扩张成形术。5例肝静脉狭窄患者接受了球囊扩张成形术或支架治疗。门静脉狭窄患者中6例接受支架治疗,1例门脉血栓形成行局部溶栓,治疗不满意。结论介入治疗是处理肝移植术后胆管和血管并发症不可或缺的临床治疗方法。     

复杂性近肾腹主动脉闭塞症的手术治疗

目的探讨不同近肾腹主动脉闭塞和(或)合并有其他部位血管疾病的患者的合理手术方式。方法回顾性分析手术治疗的17例近肾腹主动脉闭塞的患者的临床资料,其中6例伴有下肢动脉的重度狭窄或闭塞,5例伴肾动脉狭窄,2例伴有锁骨下动脉狭窄,1例同时伴有肾动脉的狭窄和一侧股浅动脉闭塞,1例伴有胸主动脉瘤。手术方式有主-髂(股)动脉人工血管搭桥术(12例),腋-双股人工血管搭桥(4例),经双侧股动脉切开取拴+腔内支架成形术(1例),在合并有其他部位血管疾病处理方法有血管腔内球囊扩张+支架成形、股-腘动脉人工血管搭桥及动脉瘤切除人工血管置换术。结果 1例术后4d死亡,其他16例未出现严重并发症。16例患者术后下肢缺血症状均得到明显改善,其中5例下肢静息痛症状消失,4例高血压患者血压较术前明显容易控制,2例肾功能不全患者术后肾功能恢复到正常水平,2例伴有头晕、上肢乏力症状患者术后症状消失。16例存活患者均获5～56个月随访,生存率高达94.1%,致残及严重血管并发症机率为6.3%。结论针对近肾腹主动脉闭塞症和(或)合并有其他部位血管疾病患者制定合理的手术方式尤为重要,也是提高患者生存率及生存质量的关键。     

血管外科疾病腔内治疗现状与展望

血管外科疾病腔内治疗经过20年蓬勃发展,已经涵盖主动脉夹层、腹主动脉瘤、下肢动脉狭窄闭塞、颈动脉狭窄、深静脉血栓形成等大部分血管疾病的治疗。目前,累及主动脉弓以远的主动脉夹层和肾下型腹主动脉瘤均首选腔内治疗;采用开窗技术、烟囱技术、分支支架等分支动脉重建技术治疗累及重要分支动脉的主动脉病变进展迅速;在采用普通球囊、切割球囊、斑块切除等技术获得通畅血管的基础上,使用药物涂层球囊,必要时结合支架技术治疗慢性下肢动脉缺血性疾病已成为共识;下肢静脉腔内溶栓、下腔静脉滤器、静脉支架植入等腔内技术在下肢深静脉血栓的治疗领域发展迅速。     

机械减容技术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞性病变中的应用

目的探讨机械减容技术在治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞性病变中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2020年6月北京大学第三医院介入血管外科应用Rotarex机械减容治疗的52例下肢动脉硬化闭塞患者的临床资料。男性37例, 女性15例, 年龄(69.4±10.1)岁(范围:47～89岁)。病变位于髂动脉6例, 股腘动脉42例, 同时累及髂动脉和股腘动脉4例。所有患者应用Rotarex机械减容, 残余狭窄>50%的患者同期行腔内血管成形术, 部分患者应用药物涂层球囊, 必要时植入支架。收集患者手术情况、并发症情况、术后靶血管再狭窄、再次手术情况等。数据比较采用配对样本t检验和秩和检验, 并应用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析术后靶血管通畅率。结果 52例患者均成功行血运重建, 技术成功率100%。所有患者行动脉腔内血管成形术, 11例应用药物涂层球囊扩张;24例患者植入支架共26枚(2例植入2枚支架), 其中9例为髂动脉支架, 15例为股腘动脉支架, 支架长度为(11.3±3.3)cm(范围:6～23 cm)。术中发生远端栓塞2例, 均以大腔导管抽吸方法取出栓子。1例髂动脉病变患者术...     

Stenting for the occlusive carotid and subclavian arteries in Takayasu arteritis]

The authors report the initial results of stenting in four patients of Takayasu arteritis for 11 occlusive carotid and subclavian arteries between January 1999 and December 2000. The lesions included stenoses of two right subclavian, three right common carotid, two left common carotid, and two left subclavian arteries, and total occlusion of two subclavian arteries. A total of 14 stents were implanted in 10 arterial lesions, resulting in a 91% procedural success rate. One failure was due to inability to cross the total occlusion of the subclavian artery. Procedural complications and problems were pain during balloon angioplasty in three patients, vaso-vagal reflex in two, carotid artery perforation associated with transient horseness in one, and stent migration in one. There was no permanent morbidity. Follow-up over a mean duration of 12 months revealed one symptomatic recurrence of left subclavian stenosis, followed by a successful re-dilatation. The results of the current study indicated that primary stenting is an excellent therapeutic option for the occlusive carotid and subclavian arteries in Takayasu arteritis. A long-term follow-up is required to determine the response or behavior of stented segments of the affected arteries.     

Single-stage repair for ascending aortic aneurysm,artery stenosis and occlusion of neck vessels caused by Takayasu arteritis

Takayasu arteritis results in a variety of vascular symptoms, and there are some cases in which progressive vascular lesions require surgical intervention. We present a case with ascending aortic aneurysm, right common carotid artery stenosis, left common carotid artery occlusion and left subclavian artery stenosis caused by Takayasu arteritis that was successfully treated with total arch replacement and ascending aorta to right internal carotid artery bypass.     

Endovascular stenting of symptomatic innominate artery stenosis under distal balloon protection of the internal carotid and vertebral artery for cerebral protection: a technical case report

The use of cerebral protection devices in endovascular treatment for innominate artery (IA) stenosis is not well established. We describe a novel technique for cerebral protection during endovascular stenting of symptomatic IA stenosis. An 82-year-old man presented with acutely scattered brain infarction by artery-to-artery embolism due to IA stenosis. Endovascular treatment for symptomatic IA stenosis was planned to prevent recurrent attacks. Endovascular stenting for IA stenosis via the right femoral artery approach was performed under simultaneous distal balloon protection of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) via the right brachial artery approach. Successful treatment of symptomatic IA stenosis was achieved with no complications. The technique with simultaneous distal balloon protection of the ICA and VA provided excellent cerebral protection in stenting of IA stenosis.     

血管腔内技术与手术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞症

目的探讨血管腔内技术与手术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞症的临床效果及合适的治疗程序。方法1997年6月至2004年5月采取血管腔内技术与手术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞症39例。26例患者采用血管腔内治疗,置入27枚支架,14例经股动脉途径,12例经肱动脉逆行支架置入,其中8例在彩色多普勒超声定位下穿刺肱动脉。13例未能行支架置入,行血管旁路转流术。9例伴有颈动脉或椎动脉严重狭窄者行支架置入。结果39例患者术后患侧与健侧血压差<10mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),患侧/健侧血压指数由术前的平均0.62±0.11提高至0.98±0.04(t=4.738,P<0.01);腔内治疗患者与手术患者平均血管通畅时间分别为(57.6±3.7)和(60.2±7.2)个月。结论血管腔内治疗与手术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞症疗效相当,由于血管腔内治疗的微创性和安全性,应优先选择血管腔内治疗。     

Erfolgreiche interdisziplinäre Sanierung eines komplexen supraaortalen Gefäßbefundes

Complex supra-aortic vascular lesions demand individually selected therapy management. We report on a 74-year-old patient with a bypass aneurysm after subclavian-subclavian bypass implantation 22 years previously. Additionally, the patient presented with a stenosis of the proximal left subclavian artery and an occluded innominate and left carotid artery. A clinically compensated occlusion of the bypass occurred in hospital during diagnostic procedures. Following this, the stenosis of the left subclavian artery was successfully treated by PTA and stent placement. After this intervention, subclavian-subclavian bypass grafting was performed leaving the occluded original bypass in place. The patient had an uneventful recovery and follow-up at 6 months revealed an open bypass and no clinical signs of neurological deficits. We suggest that combined PTA/stenting and surgery provide an effective method in the treatment of complex, supra-aortic vascular lesions.     

Subklaviastenose – endovaskuläre oder chirurgische Therapie?

The most common cause of subclavian artery stenosis is atherosclerosis, but in rare cases it may be induced by Takayasu’s disease, fibromuscular dysplasia or non-specific arteritis. In the JOINT study of 6,534 patients, 1,114 (17%) showed evidence of subclavian artery (SA) stenosis of 30% or more. In the majority of cases the stenosis is proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery. Further, more distally lying stenoses can be secondary to persistent compression due to thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). In the JOINT study, 168 (15%) out of 1,114 patients showed evidence of subclavian steal, indicating retrograde blood flow in the ipsilateral vertebral artery (VA). The retrograde flow could be proven angiographically or by means of ultrasound examination. Vascular reconstruction of stenosed subclavian or innominate arteries can be performed by means of intrathoracic or extrathoracic surgery or by endovascular techniques. All three options have been described as giving excellent results, but unfortunately comparative studies are lacking, not allowing scientifically based recommendations. This article gives an overview of etiology, symptoms, diagnostics and therapeutic options for subclavian artery stenosis.     

Coronary artery bypass grafting for Takayasu arteritis with severe coronary, carotid, subclavian, and renal artery involvement and subsequent pregnancy

Takayasu arteritis is a rare idiopathic large-vessel vasculitis that involves the aorta and its major branches. It affects young women in their child-bearing period. We present a case of a 32-year-old lady with a history of remittent fever. Magnetic resonance angiography and arch aortogram showed aortic involvement with critical stenosis of both carotid and subclavian arteries. She also had critical ostial left main and right coronary artery stenosis as well as severe renal arteries involvement. The patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. She did well and after 12 months she got pregnant. She had an uneventful pregnancy and delivery without flaring of symptoms.     

Aortic debranching for descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair by stent grafts

Endovascular repair of a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm may result in covering the ostia of the left carotid or left subclavian artery for proper proximal landing zones, and the celiac artery or superior mesenteric artery ostia in the abdomen for distal landing zones. To prevent possible complications of occluding the ostia of these vessels, the authors performed an innominate to left common carotid and left subclavian artery bypass as the first procedure in one patient. In the second patient they performed an aortoceliac and aortomesenteric bypass before stent graft placement. The stent graft repair of the descending thoracic aortic aneurysm was performed subsequently in both patients. This aortic debranching provides subsequent proper placement of thoracic stent grafts.