利伐沙班与华法林用于心房颤动导管消融术后抗凝疗效对比

目的比较利伐沙班与华法林在心房颤动(房颤)患者导管消融术后的抗凝效果。方法选取2013年3月~2015年4月榆林市星元医院老年病科和普外科的房颤行射频消融术患者100例,其中男性57例,女性43例,年龄36~78岁。随机分为利伐沙班组和华法林组,各50例。华法林组患者术后2.5 mg/日华法林,利伐沙班组术后利伐沙班10 mg/日进行治疗。三个月后观察疗效。治疗前后检测两组患者的国际标准化比率(INR)。统计治疗期间两组患者血栓栓塞发生情况和出血情况。结果利伐沙班组治疗后INR高于华法林组[(2.6±0.4)vs.(1.9±0.5)],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。利伐沙班组有41例患者达标,达标率为82.0%,华法林组有25例患者达标,达标率为50.0%,利伐沙班组达标率高于华法林组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。利伐沙班组患者发生外周血栓栓塞1例(2.0%),轻微出血1例(2.0%)。华法林组患者发生血栓栓塞2例(4.0%),分别为外周血栓和脑血栓,轻微出血5例,少量出血4例,严重出血1例。利伐沙班组出血率显著低于华法林组(2%vs.20.0%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论利伐沙班较华法林可显著提高行导管射频消融术的房颤患者抗凝效果,降低患者出血发生率,疗效安全可靠。     

心脏瓣膜置换并射频消融术后华法林抗凝治疗的方法探讨

目的探讨心脏瓣膜置换并直视射频消融术后华法林的抗凝治疗方法。方法将130例心脏瓣膜病合并房颤患者分为2组,A组(60例)行瓣膜置换并射频消融术治疗,术后服用胺碘酮治疗6个月,同时服用华法林抗凝治疗;B组(70例)单纯行瓣膜置换术治疗,术后仅服用华法林抗凝治疗。结果术后随访3～16个月,A、B组死亡各1例,均为非抗凝相关死亡。A组出现抗凝所致轻度出血5例、血栓栓塞0例,INR异常升高4例;B组分别为3、3、1例。两组比较,P均>0.05。达抗凝稳态时,两组不同术式患者华法林剂量比较,P均>0.05。达到抗凝稳态时,A组华法林剂量为(2.43±0.58)mg/d,INR为1.83±0.55。结论瓣膜置换同期直视射频消融术后患者应加强抗凝监测,根据INR适度减少华法林用量,避免发生出血。     

细胞色素P450酶和维生素K环氧化物还原酶复合体亚单位1基因多态性指导心房颤动患者华法林初始抗凝

目的:评价细胞色素P450酶(CYP2C9)和维生素K环氧化物还原酶复合体亚单位1(VKORC1)基因多态性,对阵发性心房颤动(房颤)射频消融术后患者华法林初始抗凝疗效的影响。方法:200例初次服用华法林的阵发性房颤射频消融术后患者,随机分成基因组和对照组(非基因对照组),基因组根据CYP2C9和VKORC1基因检测结果推荐剂量范围,从最低推荐剂量开始服用华法林。对照组按照华法林常规给药方式给药。计算服用华法林后INR值达2~3时两组所需的时间,及INR首次达标时华法林日平均剂量等指标。结果:两组INR达标时所需时间相比,基因组为(8.92±2.09)d,对照组为(11.91±2.18)d,(P0.05)。在基因组中,VKORC1-1639A/G或G/G的患者INR达标时华法林日平均剂量比VKORC1-1639A/A的患者多[(4.74±0.88)mg∶(3.42±0.60)mg,P0.05]。基因组中INR达标时的华法林日平均剂量与CYP2C9和VKORC1基因检测推荐范围相似。结论:VKORC1和CYP2CP基因检测指导可以缩短INR达标(INR 2~3)所需时间,对华法林平均日剂量的确定有一定作用,对指导阵发性房颤射频消融术后患者初始抗凝阶段,个体化应用华法林有一定的临床意义。     

华法林在非瓣膜病性心房颤动的应用亟待改善

相对于瓣膜病性心房颤动(房颤)来讲,非瓣膜病性房颤(NVAF)患者接受华法林抗凝治疗的比率明显减低。英国学者Jones等调查表明,NVAF人群的华法林抗凝及其维持水平仍有待改善。研究者分析了2223名NVAF服用华法林患者的相关记录,结果发现,在测定时间段内,有32.1%的时间国际标准化比率(INR)不达标,其中15.4%大于3.0,16.2%小于2.0,未达标率在服药后前三个月内最低。多变量分析显示,未达标率每增加10%,死亡、缺血性卒中、血栓性事件的危险分别增加29%、10%和12%(P值分别为0.006、0.001和0.001)。不理想的INR和住院率增加相关,INR在2.5左…     

利伐沙班用于心房颤动导管消融术后抗凝治疗有效性及安全性

目的 评估利伐沙班用于心房颤动导管消融术后抗凝治疗的有效性及安全性。方法 将接受房颤射频导管消融的患者分为利伐沙班组(57例)和华法林组(100例)。利伐沙班组:房颤导管消融术后给予10 mg,2次/d或20 mg,1次/d口服,服用1个月后根据不同临床情况调整剂量,给予10 mg 1次/d或20 mg 1次/d再服用1个月。华法林组:房颤导管消融术后给予华法林3~6 mg/d,根据国际标准化比值(INR)调整剂量,控制INR在2.0~3.0,共服用2个月。所有患者从抗凝开始到抗凝结束选用同一种抗凝药物。结果 基线水平的比较除性别外其他指标均无统计学差异。两组有效性及安全性比较:华法林组和利伐沙班组均未发生血栓栓塞事件(死亡、脑栓塞、肺栓塞、体循环栓塞)。两组均无大出血事件发生;不明显出血事件利伐沙班组为5%(3/57)、华法林组为11%(11/100),差异无统计学意义。结论 口服利伐沙班用于血栓栓塞低、中危房颤患者导管消融术后抗凝安全有效。     

老年心房颤动患者华法林抗凝治疗剂量达标情况及安全性

目的探讨老年心房颤动患者使用较低剂量华法林抗凝治疗的达标情况及安全性。方法选择80例老年房颤患者,分为持续性(n=39)及永久性(n=41)两组,根据房颤指南分为中危(n=42)及高危(n=38)两组,分析使用华法林抗凝治疗预防血栓栓塞事件的剂量达标情况。结果房颤治疗第1周与第2周比较,达标例数及总达标率均有显著差异(P0.05),而剂量达标时的国际标准化比值(INR),第1周与第2周相比无显著差异(P0.05)。结论老年房颤患者使用华法林抗凝治疗,在较低剂量下即可获得较满意的疗效,只要严格掌握适应证及严密监测INR,使用华法林抗凝治疗是安全可靠的。     

高龄非瓣膜病性房颤患者长期应用华法林抗凝治疗的疗效与安全性

目的观察高龄非瓣膜病性房颤(NVAF)患者长期应用华法林抗凝治疗的疗效及安全性。方法入选NVAF患者按年龄分为3组,高龄老年组55例,年龄≥80岁(INR在1.6~2.5之间);老年组45例,年龄65~79岁(INR在l.6~2.5之间);中年组37例,年龄65岁(INR在2.0~3.0)。入选患者长期服用华法林抗凝治疗,根据INR测定值及其变化趋势来调整华法林剂量,使INR达标,比较3组患者口服华法林5年时的不良反应及华法林的安全用药范围及国际标准化比值(INR)。结果 5年随访期间,三组患者均未发生缺血性卒中,三组患者出血及其他不良反应无统计学差异(P0.05)。随访第5年时,高龄老年组华法林组剂量(2.89±0.52)mg,INR(2.15±0.31),老年华法林组剂量(2.99±0.41)mg,INR(2.21±0.30),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。中年组华法林剂量(3.39±0.61)mg,INR(2.55±0.60),华法林剂量及INR明显高于高龄老年组和老年组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论严密监测INR下,对于高龄老年NVAF患者应用华法林抗凝治疗,INR控制在1.5~2.5安全有效。     

高龄心房颤动患者导管消融治疗围术期抗凝方案的研究

目的 探讨高龄心房颤动(房颤)患者行导管消融治疗围术期有效而安全的抗凝方案.方法 选取射频消融治疗的高龄(＞75岁)房颤患者15例(高龄组),术前服用华法林;同期＜75岁射频消融治疗房颤患者15例(非高龄组),根据栓塞风险服用华法林或阿司匹林治疗.术中均用肝素抗凝;高龄组术后以低分子肝素过渡,第3天开始服用华法林,非高龄组术后从第1天开始华法林与低分子肝素重叠应用3d;院外两组服用华法林抗凝3个月.3个月后根据CHADS2评分服用阿司匹林或华法林治疗.门诊随访至少12个月,比较两组凝血酶原时间-国际标准化比值(PT-INR)、6个月内出血和栓塞事件发生率及术后3、6、12个月24 h动态心电图记录心律失常情况.结果 术前高龄组与非高龄组PT-INR值(1.58±0.32对1.37±0.44,P＞0.05),术后INR达标天数[(11.73±3.29)d对(9.71±3.63)d,P＞0.05];左心房内自发显影情况[3例(20.00％)对4例(26.67％),P＞0.05];出血并发症(0对6.67％,P=0.05)、栓塞事件发生率(6.67％对0,P=0.05)差异无统计学意义.两组间术后3、6、12个月心律失常复发情况差异无统计学意义.结论 高龄房颤患者行导管消融治疗术前需严格抗凝并排除心房血栓;术中抗凝与常规用药相同;术后延迟加用华法林治疗同样安全有效.     

基于“互联网+”的华法林抗凝治疗管理心房颤动患者研究

目的探究基于"互联网+"的心房颤动患者的华法林抗凝治疗管理,分析其可行性和应用效果。方法选取我院2017年1~9月收治的非瓣膜性持续性房颤患者60例作为研究对象,按照患者自愿选择的随访方式分为互联网管理组和对照组,每组30例。在互联网管理组患者中建立华法林抗凝微信群及QQ群,定期发布房颤教育知识、服用华法林注意事项等,定期举办线上抗凝知识讲座,接受患者咨询,并提醒患者准时返院复查国际标准化比值(INR),根据最新的INR检查结果调整华法林剂量。对照组患者在医院普通心内科门诊就诊,根据INR复查结果及时调整华法林剂量。每次复诊检测两组患者华法林抗凝治疗的INR。随访9个月,比较两组患者的INR达标情况及出血、脑卒中等不良事件的发生情况。结果互联网管理组患者随访率为100.0%,对照组失访4例。随访9个月,互联网管理组患者INR达标率(80.0%)显著高于对照组(50.0%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);互联网管理组患者发生出血1例、脑卒中1例,对照组发生出血4例、脑卒中4例,互联网管理组患者不良事件发生率(6.67%)显著低于对照组(26.67%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论基于"互联网+"对心房颤动患者进行华法林抗凝管理是可行的,并能取得较好的效果,能显著提高患者的INR达标率,减少不良事件的发生,值得推广应用。     

华法林、达比加群酯和低分子肝素对心房颤动射频导管消融术中活化凝血时间达标情况及潜在血栓形成风险的影响

目的：评价目前心房颤动（房颤）射频导管消融术中抗凝方案的有效性和不同抗凝药对术中凝血状态的影响。方法：筛选2015年12月至2017年3月于我院行房颤射频导管消融术的患者163例,其中158例术前接受有效抗凝治疗的患者均纳入研究。根据患者服用不同药物分为三组：华法林组86例、达比加群酯组51例和低分子肝素（LMWH）组21例。分析患者房间隔穿刺后首剂肝素后活化凝血时间（ACT）达标率（First-ACT达标率）、穿间隔后1 h ACT达标率（1 h-ACT达标率）;比较三组间基础ACT值、First-ACT达标率、1 h-ACT达标率、ACT首次达标耗时、术中肝素总量情况。结果：158例患者中基础ACT结果：华法林组最接近有效范围,且三组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;与达比加群酯组及LMWH组比较,华法林组的First-ACT达标率及1 h-ACT达标率明显升高,而ACT首次达标耗时和术中肝素总量明显减低,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;达比加群酯组及LMWH组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：目前临床上参考体重和ACT监测给予肝素的术中抗...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.