新兵训练前后体质变化情况观察

目的：观察新兵训练前后体质变化情况,评价新兵训练效果。方法：随机选取某部2个连队新兵352例,采用《部队健康综合评价标准》,对训练前后新兵体重、胸围、最大摄氧量、100m跑、3000m跑、立定跳远、引体向上等项目进行测量,比较训练前后新兵体质状况及训练效果。结果：与训练前比较,新兵体重略有下降,3000m跑、引体向上成绩有所提高（P〈0．05）,最大摄氧量显著提高（P〈0．01）;与《部队健康综合评价标准》比较,新兵体重仍偏重（P〈0．05）,胸围、最大摄氧量、3000m跑、引体向上等项目差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。结论：训练后新兵的体质状况有所改善,但与《部队健康综合评价标准》比较还有较大差距。     

北疆某边防部队低血压士兵体能状况研究

目的：了解新疆北部某边防部队低血压士兵的体能状况。方法：按照国军标《士兵体能的测定和评价》,对新疆北部某边防部队低血压士兵50例（观察组）立定跳远、俯卧撑、仰卧起坐及400m跑等4项成绩进行评估,并与随机抽取血压正常士兵50例（对照组）进行比较分析。结果：观察组与对照组间各项测试成绩均差异显著（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论：低血压士兵体能状况总体较差,应加以医学干预。     

武警战士训练伤与体能,体质因素的关系

为研究武警部队训练份与体质、体能因素的关系，增强武警战士健康综合素质，减少训练伤，我们于1996年1～7月对武警某全训部队2071名战士进行了调查研究。1对五和方法1．且对象武警某全训部队2071名男性战士，年龄17～23岁，其中因训练伤住院的战土64例。1．2方法1．2．1身体素质（）身体发育：包括身高、体重、维尔维克指数（VV）；（2）生理机能：包括最大摄氧量（VO2max）；（3）你能；包括100m跑、立定跳远、引体向上、俯卧撑。评定方法参照《中华人民共和国国家军用标准》（GJB1337－92，1102－91）。1．2．2军事训练成绩选测400m障…     

陆军3844名士兵体能测试与分析

 目的 了解部队士兵的体能状况,分析存在的问题并为士兵体能训练提出指导性建议.方法 受试对象为陆军某部男性士兵3844人,年龄17～32岁.依照中国人民解放军总参谋部2004年1月颁发的<中国人民解放军军人体能标准>(试行本),选取引体向上、400 m障碍跑、5 km武装越野、俯卧撑、仰卧起坐、单腿深蹲起立、卷身上、100 m跑、组合练习等项目为本项课题的测试指标.结果 3844名士兵平均测试结果分别为:引体向上(12.02±3.64)次、400 m障碍跑(2.35±0.24) min、5 km武装越野(22.63±1.77) min、俯卧撑(67.21±12.79)次/2 min、仰卧起坐(62.08±12.96)次/3 min、单腿深蹲起立(9.43±4.99)次、卷身上(5.22±2.83)次、100 m跑(14.32±0.85) s、组合练习(1.41±0.07) min.测试结果与体能标准比较,多数项目平均成绩达到或超过了标准要求.不同类别人群某些项目测试结果与标准存在一定差异,但无明显规律性.结论 陆军士兵体能状况良好;高等级、高职务士兵体能无明显优势.建议部队进一步加强士兵体能训练,尤其是要对高等级士官及班长、副班长加强培训,提高其训练强度,增强体能,使其真正能够发挥骨干作用.     

我国6个少数民族应征男青年体能状况比较研究

目的：了解不同民族应征男青年的体能状况。方法：按照国军标《士兵体能的测定和评价》，对回、蒙、藏、壮、土家和满族应征男青年的立定跳远、俯卧撑、仰卧起坐、肺活量4项成绩进行评估分析。结果：不同民族间各项测试成绩的差别均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。回族各参数均最大，土家族的肺活量最小，藏族的立定跳远、俯卧撑和仰卧起坐最小。回族、蒙族立定跳远中等以上的检出率最高，分别为55．9％和51．9％，藏族和壮族立定跳远差的检出率较高，分别为72．7％和50．2％。回族和壮族俯卧撑中等以上检出率较高，分别为47．2％和50．2％，藏族俯卧撑差的检出率最高，为55．0％。回族、蒙族仰卧起坐合格率最高，分别为57．7％和45．6％，藏族和壮族的不合格率最高，分别为77．1％和78．0％。结论：我国少数民族应征男青年的体能状况总体较差，且不同民族间存在差异，应进一步研究不同民族间差别的影响因素，并制定有针对性的综合干预计划，以改善我国少数民族青年的体能状况。     

不同中医体质大学生身体机能和素质比较

目的:从中医体质角度分析大学生身体机能、身体素质。方法:采用标准化的中医体质量表及《中医9种体质类型判定标准》判定2345名大学生中医体质类型,采集大学生肺活量体重指数、1000米跑(男)、800米跑(女)、握力体重指数、立定跳远等反映身体机能、身体素质的评价指标数据,比较健康体质-平和质大学生与非健康体质-偏颇体质之间的差异。结果:平和质男、女大学生肺活量体重指数、握力体重指数和1000米跑(男)、800米跑(女)、立定跳远成绩与气虚质、阳虚质、痰湿质、湿热质、兼夹体质比较存在显著性差异(P<0.05);平和质男、女大学生肺活量体重指数和1000米跑(男)、800米跑(女)、立定跳远成绩与阴虚质、血瘀质、气郁质存在显著性差异(P<0.05),握力体重指数与阴虚质、血瘀质、气郁质无显著性差异(P>0.05);平和质男大学生1000米跑成绩与特禀质存在显著性差异(P<0.05),肺活量体重指数、握力体重指数、立定跳远成绩与特禀质无显著性差异(P>0.05),平和质女大学生立定跳远成绩与特禀质存在显著性差异(P<0.05),肺活量体重指数、800米跑成绩、握力体重指数与特禀质无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:平和质大学生身体机能、身体素质显著优于偏颇体质。     

武警战士健康综合状况与军训质量关系的研究

为全面了解战士的健康综合状况，为科学练兵提高部队军训质量提供依据，对武警某部２０７１名战士进行体质、心理、社会因素与军事训练成绩调查。以军训成绩为应变量，分别以体质各项指标、战士心理状况、社会因素为自变量进行多因素逐步回归分析，α＝０．０５，则有多数变量进入方程。变量按作用大小排序如下：１００米跑、俯卧撑、政治面貌、胆汁型、老区与非老区、抑郁型、文化程度、立定跳远，其中负性作用：１００米跑、抑郁型、文化程度、政治面貌。     

高原士兵体能主要评价指标的选择

本文在作者研究结果的基础上，结合文献资料，提出了评价高原士兵体能的主要指标，认为身高，体重，肺活量，背力，立定跳远和俯卧撑等指标，由于受低氧因素的影响不大，仍选用平原测定方法和评价标准为宜。但低氧对有氧运行水平有影响，海拔越高，影响越大，因此，将海拔３０００～４５００ｍ分为三个高度段，分别评价相应高度段士兵的有氧运动能力，以拉萨（３６８０ｍ）和错那（４３５０ｍ）的受试者所测数据为基础，提出了３５０     

2001年《高原医学杂志》1～4期总目录

述　评　为青藏铁路建设提供高原医学保障吴天一 ( 1 1 )…………………………………………………论　著　高原鼠兔肺动脉压与ＮＯ的变化王晓勤　王占刚　陈秋红等 ( 1 2 )……………………………　青年士兵进驻不同海拔高度血液生化全项的改变吴明延　于　晟　解好群等 ( 1 6)…………　药物对高原人体运动时ＮＯ和ＮＯＳ的影响崔建华　王引虎　张西洲等 ( 1 9)………………　高原地区值勤士兵体能状况的调查与评估符中明　任雨笙　马召平等 ( 1 1 3 )…………………　高原地区阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压关系的初探顾玉海　张…     

高原习服的评价标准与方法研究

研究制定了适合我军高原部队使用的评价高原习服的国家军用标准方法。其方法是 :遵照国家用标准制定规范 ,系统回顾总结多年来的研究成果 ,广泛征求高原医学有关专家意见 ,针对部队的实际情况 ,本着科学、简便、易行的原则 ,制定出标准。将高原习服分为初步习服、基本习服和完全习服 ,其判断指标和依据为习服时间、基础生理指标 (呼吸次数、血压、脉率、红细胞计数、血红蛋白 )和体能评价指标 (ＶＯ2 ｍａｘ和 1 0 0 0ｍ跑成绩 )。人体对高原低氧环境的习服是多层次的 ,在不同的器官、组织、细胞和分子水平上有不同的表现。本标准选择的基础…     

海拔高度对官兵军事作业能力的影响

 目的 探讨海拔高度对官兵军事作业能力的影响。方法 选取平原驻地海拔高度约50 m,高原驻地海拔高度3100、3650、4050 m武警某部官兵,依据GJB1337《士兵体能的测量和评价》,进行踏速为22.5 次/min和30 次/min的踏阶运动,采用Polar V800心率表测量静息心率和踏阶运动心率,测定官兵的体力劳动能力(physical work capacity,PWC170)、最大摄氧量、台阶指数。结果 随着海拔的升高,官兵有氧能力逐步下降,平原驻地官兵PWC170[(1276.9±229.6) kg·m/min]显著高于海拔3100 m[(994.0±230.1) kg·m/min]、3650 m[(962.4±226.7) kg·m/min]和4050 m[(759.2±154.1) kg·m/min],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中高海拔驻地官兵中海拔4050 m PWC170 显著低于海拔3100 m和3650 m(P<0.05),而海拔3100 m和3650 m军人PWC170无统计学差异;平原驻地官兵静息心率低于高海拔地区军人(P<0.05),高原3个海拔的静息心率间无统计学差异;踏阶运动试验中平原官兵的运动心率显著低于高海拔地区运动心率(P<0.05),海拔4050 m官兵运动心率明显高于3100 m和3650 m;最大摄氧量、台阶指数结果显示,海拔越高,结果越低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 随着海拔的升高,官兵体力劳动能力逐步下降,应采取有针对性的训练指导。     

Motor performance status in 10 to 17-year-old Estonian girls

The improvement of motor abilities is associated with the periodical acceleration of changes in adolescents of both sexes. The present cross-sectional study is aimed at establishing smooth curves of motor performance status in 10 to 17-year-old girls. Motor performance was tested in 902 girls with the aid of 30 m dash, standing long jump, vertical jump, pushing a stuffed ball (2 kg), standing quintuplet jump, isometric strength of back extensor muscles, trunk forward flexion and 1-min ergocycling at the highest possible rate. Statistically significant differences of all studied motor abilities between the age groups of 10-12 were indicated. In height and body mass the most pronounced differences (on average 6.5 cm and 7.7 kg, respectively) appeared between the age groups of 12 and 13. At the age of 13 the group results were statistically higher than those at 12 in pushing a stuffed ball, vertical jump, quintuplet jump, strength of back extensors muscle, 30 m dash and ergocycling test, but not in standing long jump and trunk forward flexion. At the age of 14 the performance was not higher than at 13, except in the vertical jump and quintuplet jump. From 14 to 16 years of age differences reappeared in the results of vertical jump, quintuplet jump, pushing a stuffed ball, 1-min cycling and trunk forward flexion but not in the 30 m dash and standing long jump. The lack of significant differences between the age groups of 16 and 17 indicated the final stabilization of tested motor abilities. The obtained results suggest the existence of several periods in motor performance status in 10 to 17-year-old Estonian girls: 1) The biggest differences in the mean results of the tests on motor abilities occurred between ages 10-11, 11-12 and 12-13, which coincide with the biggest differences in height and weight at the same age. 2) The differences in the mean results of most tests on motor abilities stabilized between the age groups of 13 and 14. The mean results of 14-year-old girls were lower in some tests compared to the results of 13-year-olds. 3) The positive differences in the mean results remained between the age groups of 14-15 and 15-16 (excluding the sprint velocity and standing long jump). 4) The final stabilization of motor abilities occurred at the age of 16 to 17.     

Improvement of motor abilities in pubertal girls

BACKGROUND: Purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that in the course of sexual maturation possibilities for accelerated development of motor abilities are triggered in girls. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 77 healthy 11- to 14-year-old girls, grouped according to Tanner's 5-stage scale of sexual maturation. Motor abilities were assessed with the aid of 20 m dash, 4 x 9 m shuttle run, standing long jump, squats in 30 sec, sit ups in 30 sec, trunk forward flexion, Cooper 12-min running test, and Harvard step-test. RESULTS: Performance in the shuttle run, standing long jump and trunk forward flexion improved in correlation with sexual maturation stage. When consecutive maturation groups were compared, in standing long jump and trunk forward flexion significant differences were found between sexual maturation stages II and III, in shuttle run between stages I and II. The significant main effect of sexual maturation was confirmed with the aid of MANOVA. 23% of variance in the results of trunk forward flexion, 17% in standing long jump, and 10% in shuttle run were attributable to maturation differences. For the same three motor tasks 4%, 8%, and 15%, were respectively attributed to age differences. Differences between maturation groups disappeared when the results of shuttle run and standing long jump were adjusted with the aid of ANCOVA for age or height as the covariate, but persisted after results were controlled for body mass. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the tested hypothesis. Critical for improvement of agility is reaching maturation stage II, and for increase of leg muscle explosive strength and trunk flexibility, reaching stage III.     

Military applications of hypoxic training for high-altitude operations

Rapid deployment of unacclimatized soldiers to high mountainous environments causes debilitating effects on operational capabilities (physical work performance), and force health (altitude sickness). Most of these altitude-induced debilitations can be prevented or ameliorated by a wide range of physiological responses collectively referred to as altitude acclimatization. Acclimatization to a target altitude can be induced by slow progressive ascents or continuous sojourns at intermediate altitudes. However, this "altitude residency" requirement reduces their utilization in rapid response military missions that exploit the air mobility capability of modern military forces to quickly deploy to an area of operations on short notice. A more recent approach to induce altitude acclimatization is the use of daily intermittent hypoxic exposures (IHE) in lieu of continuous residence at high altitudes. IHE treatments consist of three elements: 1) IHE simulated altitude (inspired oxygen partial pressure: PIO2), 2) IHE session duration, and 3) total number of IHE sessions over the treatment period. This paper reviews and summarizes the results of 25 published IHE studies. This review finds that an IHE altitude>or=4000 m, and daily exposure duration of at least 1.5 h repeated over a week or more are required to have a high probability of developing altitude acclimatization. The efficacy of shorter duration (<1.5 h) hypoxic exposures at >or=4000 m simulated altitudes, and longer exposures (>4 h) at moderate altitudes (2500-3500 m) is not well documented. The predominate IHE-induced altitude acclimatization response appears to be increased arterial oxygen content through ventilatory acclimatization. Thus, IHE is a promising approach to provide the benefits of altitude acclimatization to low-altitude-based soldiers before their deployment to high mountainous regions.     

Effect of physical training at moderate altitude (1850 m) on hypoxic tolerance.

Effect of systematic physical training at moderate altitude (1850 m) on hypoxic tolerance was estimated on a group of young soldiers, by determining the Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC) at a simulated altitude of 7620 m in a hypobaric chamber together with the Critical Flicker Frequency (CFF) test. The subjects, after initial testing at Delhi (near sea level) were taken to an altitude of 1850 m and divided into two groups. One group was given systematic endurance physical training for 8 weeks, while the other group served as control. The subjects were then taken to an altitude of 3500 m and kept at that altitude for 4 weeks, after which they were brought back to Delhi and TUC was estimated again within 2 d. The results indicate that endurance physical training at moderate altitude improved hypoxic tolerance and the central nervous system activity under hypoxia.     

Physical fitness and physical training during Norwegian military service

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the physical fitness and training of Norwegian infantry soldiers during 10 months of compulsory military service. METHODS: Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximal numbers of sit-ups, push-ups, and chin-ups and 3-km running time were tested in 107 male infantry soldiers at the beginning and end of basic training (BT), and again at demobilization. The amount of physical training was registered throughout the military service. RESULTS: During BT, major improvements in sit-ups and push-ups were found. VO2max increased in soldiers with the lowest initial VO2max, but decreased to pre-BT level at demobilization. The amount of obligatory physical training was 8.5 hours x week(-1) during BT and 35% lower after BT, and was usually performed in uniform at low to moderate intensity. CONCLUSION: The amount of high-intensity endurance and strength training during compulsory military service is to low to improve the soldiers' endurance and muscular strength.     

急进高原前后士兵体能调查分析

目的：探索高原施工对士兵体能的影响，为制订高原施工卫生保障措施提供依据；方法：以300余名士兵为对象，分别在进驻高原并，进驻高原2周后，返回营区后进行了体重，肌力，1000m跑测定。结果：经过2个月高原施工，返回营区50天后体重增加，背肌力下降，握力变化不大，1000m跑成绩下降，进驻高原2周未施工前，体重，握力增加，背肌力下降；结论：有力的卫生保障对高原施工部队起着重要的作用。高原施工对士兵体能有一定的影响。返回平原后存在脱习服过程，低氧环境可能对背肌力有一定影响。     

中国寒区军人功能性消化不良的调查与分析

目的研究寒区边防一线军人功能性消化不良(FD)发病情况,并探讨其相关的危险因素。方法按照国际上最新提出的功能性胃肠病(functional gastrointestinal diseases,FGIDs)罗马Ⅲ诊断标准设计问卷,采用整群完全随机抽样方法对600名寒区边防军人进行FGIDs调查。结果(1)边防军人中FD的患病率为35%,在各种FGIDs中居首位。症状为上腹痛65%,餐后饱胀43%,早饱30%,上腹部烧灼感15%,反酸23%,恶心12%,嗳气10%。(2)吸烟、饮酒和站岗放哨是边防军人FD发生的三个主要危险因素。(3)患有FD的军人每年因病减少军事训练日平均为40 d;到驻军医院的就诊率低,不足40%,诊断率为0。结论寒区边防军人中FD的患病率较高,且与吸烟、饮酒和站岗放哨等因素密切相关,本病影响了军人的军事训练和执勤。