吻合邻指指背皮瓣静脉治疗断指再植术后静脉危象的处理

目的介绍用吻合邻指指背皮瓣静脉治疗断指再植术后出现静脉危象的方法。方法对8例再植指术后3～48h出现静脉危象经保守治疗无效者，取邻指背侧带蒂皮瓣转位至再植指指背区，切除再植指指背栓塞静脉段及炎性水肿皮缘后，将皮瓣静脉与指背静脉吻合。术后4周断蒂。结果8例再植指全部存活。术后随访3～12个月，按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定，优良率为87．5％。供指无明显功能障碍。结论利用邻指带蒂背侧皮瓣移位可修复再植指的静脉回流，又可用健康皮肤覆盖创面，手术简便，效果好，实用性强。     

The role of the vacuum-assisted closure therapy in the salvage of venous congestion of the free flap: case report

Indications for vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy described generally include acute, chronic, traumatic wounds and ulcers. Recent studies related to investigating new applications of VAC therapy have begun to be reported at literature in many aspects. We used this technique in a novel area. A 21-year-old man presented who suffered venous congestion in anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap at the postoperative second day. Following two cycles of VAC therapy, 72 hours later, venous congestion disappeared. Application of VAC therapy to the flap helps removal of excess interstitial fluid because of increased pressure gradients. It seems that VAC therapy is an option in venous congestion when the interstitial pressure rises above capillary pressure.     

远端蒂指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复指腹创伤缺损

目的介绍应用指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复指腹创伤缺损的临床经验,并探讨改善静脉回流的方法。方法自2004年3月至2005年10月,共急诊应用远端蒂指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣,修复指腹创面大于2 cm者18例。旋转轴点在近侧指间关节(PIP)平面以近0．5 cm,皮瓣面积2 cm×2 cm～3 cm×4 cm,皮神经筋膜蒂长2～3 cm。均将指背皮神经与指固有神经吻接,并在旋转点远侧1 cm处结扎指背浅静脉。结果术后皮瓣均有不同程度的静脉淤血肿胀,8例皮瓣出现张力水泡。13例随访超过6个月,皮瓣恢复保护性感觉。结论指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复指腹创伤缺损,方法简单,成活可靠。在蒂部远侧结扎指背浅静脉干阻断倒灌和在末端旷置敞开,均能改善静脉回流,减轻皮瓣肿胀。     

Intraoperative venous congestion in free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous and deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps during breast reconstruction: A systematic review

BACKGROUND:

Even with patent deep inferior epigastric vein anastomoses, venous congestion can occur during free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) or deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap surgery and lead to flap compromise if not recognized and managed.

OBJECTIVES:

To identify the incidence of intraoperative venous congestion and describe the best available prevention and treatment methods.

METHODS:

Systematic electronic searches of the PubMed database including Medline were performed to identify studies published until 2014. The following keywords were used: “DIEP” or “free TRAM” and “venous insufficiency” or “venous congestion”. Supplemental searches were conducted to identify referenced studies. Statistical analysis using the χ² test was performed.

RESULTS:

Nine studies representing 4747 free abdominal flaps cases were included and demonstrated an overall incidence of intraoperative venous congestion of 2.8%. The incidence in DIEP flaps (3.3%) was significantly higher than that in the free TRAM flaps (1.0%). All nine articles reported using the superficial inferior epigastric vein to treat venous insufficiency.

CONCLUSION:

The risk for developing intraoperative venous congestion following free abdominal flap breast reconstruction is influenced by inadequate perforator selection and persistent dominance in the superficial venous system. The solution is establishing another venous draining route using the superficial inferior epigastric vein.     

Effects of acupuncture for chronic pelvic pain syndrome with intrapelvic venous congestion: Preliminary results

BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to reveal the usefulness of acupuncture for chronic pelvic pain syndrome with intrapelvic venous congestion as evaluated by symptom scores, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and magnetic resonance (MR) venography. METHODS: Ten male patients suffering from non-inflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome (NIH category IIIB) with intrapelvic venous congestion were treated using acupuncture. Eight patients had previously received pharmacotherapy, which was unsuccessful. Acupuncture was performed using disposable stainless steel needles, which were inserted into the bilateral BL-33 points and rotated manually for 10 min. The treatment was repeated every week for 5 weeks without other therapeutic maneuvers. Results from TRUS and MR venography, as well as clinical symptoms based on the NIH chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) and the international prostate symptom score (IPSS), were compared before and after the treatment. RESULTS: No side-effects were recognized throughout the treatment period. The average pain and QOL scores of the NIH-CPSI 1 week after the 5th acupuncture treatment decreased significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) compared with the baseline. The maximum width of the sonolucent zone 1 week after the 5th treatment also decreased significantly (P < 0.01, compared with the baseline). Intrapelvic venous congestion demonstrated by MR venography was significantly improved in four patients. CONCLUSION: This study provided novel information concerning the therapeutic effects of acupuncture on non-inflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome.     

游离静脉皮瓣修复伴有双侧指固有动脉缺损的软组织缺损

目的 探讨游离静脉皮瓣修复手指腹伴有双侧指固有动脉缺损的软组织缺损的可行性.方法 取健侧指、弃指、足底内侧、足背、腕掌侧静脉皮瓣倒置后将皮瓣静脉与指固有动脉吻合,桥接血管缺损,恢复血流通道,闭合创面.结果 5例19个游离静脉皮瓣仅1例一侧坏死约0.5cm×0.5cm,其余皮瓣均成活,手指远端血运正常,皮肤外形美观.结论 游离静脉皮瓣损伤小,是修复手指近节指腹伴有双侧指固有动脉缺损的较好皮瓣.     

Phalangectomy combination double-pedicled digital artery flap for second-toe macrodactyly reconstruction: A case report

IntroductionPedal macrodactyly is a rare form of congenital deformity in which the toes and underlying structures are enlarged. The goal of most macrodactyly reconstruction surgeries is to reconstruct the affected toes to resemble the normal size such that the patient is able to wear shoes of the same size.Case presentationWe report a three-year-old female patient presenting with an enlargement of the right foot index and middle toes. The anomaly was noticed at two months of age and grew progressively. X-ray imaging revealed enlarged bones and soft-tissue hypertrophy proximal to the distal phalanx of the second and third digits. There was no history of other systemic or syndromic diseases. The patient underwent phalangectomy surgery involving reduction of the fibrofatty tissue, double-pedicle medial and lateral digital artery flap. Satisfactory results were noted at evaluation two months of after surgery.ConclusionMacrodactyly reduction surgeries are generally composed of several kinds of surgical techniques to provide the best results. The management of macrodactyly depends on the surgeon’s experience while considering the most suitable surgical technique to be performed in each case. Therefore, it was deemed necessary to report this case and its surgical technique. We hope that this case report will enrich the existing literature and be useful for the management of macrodactyly cases.     

指掌侧固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的探讨指掌侧固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的临床效果.方法2002～2004年应用指掌侧固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复8例指端缺损.结果8例皮瓣均存活,术后经12～24个月随访,外形满意,效果良好.结论指掌侧固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣是修复指端缺损的一种可行方法.     

The flow-through free flap in replantation surgery: a new concept

The concept of flow-through circulation in free flaps was previously described as a one-staged technique for cover and revascularisation of ischaemic traumatized extremities. This paper describes the practical use of the concept in replantation surgery. Two clinical cases of hand replants are presented in which an uninterrupted flow was established through the selected free flap.     

Bilaterally innervated dorsal digital flap for sensory reconstruction of digits

BackgroundProviding sensory coverage in digits continues to be a challenging problem. This study reports the sensory reconstruction of digits with bilaterally innervated dorsal digital flaps and compares the results between dual- and single-innervated flaps.MethodsOver 7 years, a retrospective study was conducted with 73 patients who had soft-tissue defect of the digit treated with the bilaterally innervated dorsal digital flap. There were 73 soft-tissue defects in 73 digits. The size of the defects ranged from 1.8 to 2.7 cm in length (mean, 2.2 cm) and from 1.6 to 2.2 cm in width (mean, 1.9 cm). The bilateral dorsal branches of the digital nerves were attached with the flap for the sensory reconstruction of digits. Reconstructive techniques included the cross-finger flap in 35 cases, the dorsal digital island flap in 24 cases, and the dorsal digital free flap in 14 cases. To objectively evaluate the efficacy of the bilaterally innervated flaps, we selected a comparison group that included 42 patients treated with the single-innervated flap.ResultsA significant difference was found between the dual- and single-innervated flaps in two-point discrimination, pain, Tinel's sign, and patient satisfaction results. By comparison, the dual-innervated flap presented better discriminatory sensation on the flap, lower incidence of pain and Tinel's sign, and a larger degree of satisfaction than the single-innervated flap. Of the dual-innervated flap group, the mean joint motion of the donor finger was similar to that of the opposite side.ConclusionsThe bilaterally innervated dorsal digital flap is a reliable alternative for the sensory reconstruction of digits. Performing double neurorrhaphies can improve flap sensation and reduce digital neuroma incidence when reconstructing a soft-tissue defect associated with both transected digital nerves.     

Dorsally extended digital island flap for repairing soft tissue injury of the fingertip

Background

The digital triangular island flap is one of the most useful types of flap for repairing soft-tissue loss at the fingertip, because it is sensate and has glabrous skin. However, this type of flap has several disadvantages, including limited length of advancement and limited flap size.

Methods

We have developed a new type of dorsally extended digital island flap to extend the reach of the digital triangular island flap. This dorsally extended portion, 15 mm in width and 20 mm in length, is based on the dorsal branch of the digital artery at the distal phalanx level. This island flap has a longer reach than the conventional digital island flap and can transfer larger amounts of soft tissue to the injured fingertip. Sixteen patients with fingertip amputation were treated using this flap.

Results

All of the flaps survived. The dorsally extended digital island flap could repair pulp tissue losses up to 30 mm in length in oblique volar injury. In transverse injury, a new fingertip could be produced with this flap in a single stage. We successfully covered the exposed bone without shortening the digital bone of the fingertip using our extended flap. No claw nail deformity occurred and no flexion contracture remained in any of the cases.

Conclusion

Use of a dorsally extended digital island flap is recommended for repairing fingertip injury in cases with defect sizes ranging from 10 to 30 mm in length and also in both oblique volar and transverse injuries. This flap is more versatile for repair of fingertip injury than the conventional digital island flap.     

Recurrent venous thrombosis following free flap surgery: The role of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Complications following free tissue transfer have been well established in the literature. Common and rare causes of free flap failure must be addressed by the treating surgeon when microvascular patency is threatened. With the evolution and prevalence of microsurgery, ‘rare’ causes of free flap failure will become increasingly frequent. A high index of suspicion must be established in patients with multiple failed operative interventions. A case of recurrent free flap failure secondary to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is presented in a patient with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth, and a long-standing history of alcohol and tobacco consumption.     

The ulnar digital artery perforator flap: A new flap for little finger reconstruction - A preliminary report

An ulnar digital artery perforator flap was used for little finger reconstruction. The flap has a reliable blood supply, being perfused by a constant sizeable perforator. This paper describes a study of a cadaveric dissection with methylene blue dye that was conducted to prove the rationality and reliability of the blood supply. The position of the perforator is confirmed intraoperatively by an exploratory incision before committing to the distal incision. The flap used to cover the flexor aspect of the little finger in three cases yielded positive results. To our knowledge, a digital artery perforator flap of this nature is unprecedented. We propose to call this flap the B.J. Flap after our institute.