升主动脉成形术治疗二叶式主动脉瓣患者升主动脉扩张的效果分析

目的:探讨升主动脉成形术(reduction ascending aortoplasty,RAA)治疗二叶式主动脉瓣(bicuspid aortic valve,BAV)患者升主动脉扩张的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月至2015年12月长海医院208例因主动脉瓣病变合并升主动脉扩张行主动脉瓣置换术(aortic valve replacement,AVR)联合RAA治疗患者的临床资料。根据患者主动脉瓣情况,分为BAV组和三叶式主动脉瓣(tricuspid aortic valve,TAV)组;在BAV组中,根据术中升主动脉的目标直径,将患者分为30 mm组和≥30 mm组。结果:BAV组与TAV组的术后死亡率、并发症发生率、二次手术比例和随访升主动脉直径等指标差异无统计学意义(P均0.05);BAV组术中升主动脉目标直径30 mm组的随访升主动脉直径、术后5年和9年升主动脉扩张程度均明显小于术中升主动脉≥30 mm组(P均0.05)。结论:对于BAV合并升主动脉扩张的患者,BAV不是行RAA的不利因素,在RAA术中将升主动脉目标直径控制在30 mm以下,中远期疗效更好。     

保留二叶主动脉瓣的升主动脉置换术疗效分析

目的:评估保留二叶主动脉瓣升主动脉置换术的近期疗效。方法:自2008年2月至2018年5月,来我院手术的主动脉瓣二叶畸形(BAV)合并升主动脉扩张主动脉瓣轻度病变患者共有43例,其中男性17例,女性26例,均行保留主动脉瓣升主动脉置换术,对所有患者随访至2018年12月,随访时间6～129个月,平均(34±4)个月。评估其30 d死亡率,术后主动脉瓣病变进展情况,再次手术率。结果:所有患者围手术期无死亡,住院期间无二次手术,无脑梗死,血栓栓塞并发症,术后痊愈出院。随访到41例,1例患者死于恶性肿瘤,1例患者复查超声心动图显示主动脉瓣关闭不全进展为中度,但患者无胸闷憋气等不适,左心室未扩大,尚需进一步随访,其余患者一般状况均良好,术后复查主动脉瓣返反流及关闭不全情况未再进展。结论:保留主动脉瓣升主动脉置换术对于BAV合并升主动脉扩张瓣膜轻度病变患者是一种安全有效的手术方式,中期随访显示术后患者主动脉瓣病变情况未再进展。     

老年主动脉瓣狭窄患者主动脉瓣置换术后升主动脉改变的中远期结果

目的：评估老年主动脉瓣狭窄患者主动脉瓣置换术后升主动脉直径变化情况及升主动脉扩张的危险因素。方法：回顾性收集2016年1月至2016年12月在中国医学科学院阜外医院接受主动脉瓣置换术且不同期处理升主动脉的151例老年（≥65岁）主动脉瓣狭窄患者,其中有≥1年超声心动图随访数据且存活的患者87例,根据术前升主动脉直径将其分为术前升主动脉直径<40 mm组（n=59）和术前升主动脉直径≥40 mm组（n=28）。收集患者围术期及随访数据,分析术后升主动脉直径变化情况及升主动脉扩张的危险因素。结果：平均随访（4.0±1.3）年时,术前升主动脉直径≥40 mm组的升主动脉直径由出院时（38.1±5.0）mm增大至（41.2±4.3）mm,升主动脉直径/体表面积从出院时（23.3±3.9）mm/m2增加至（25.0±3.6）mm/m2(P均<0.01);而术前升主动脉直径<40 mm组的升主动脉直径变化及升主动脉直径/体表面积与出院时的差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。术前升主动脉直径≥40 mm组的升主动脉扩张速率明显高于术前升主动脉直径<40 mm组（0.7...     

主动脉瓣成形术于A型主动脉夹层治疗中的应用△

目的总结采用主动脉瓣成形术治疗主动脉夹层撕裂引起的主动脉瓣反流（aorticregurgitation,AR）的经验及术后随访分析。方法分析2007年3月至2011年9月广东省人民医院收住的100例因主动脉夹层引起的AR,采用主动脉瓣成形术处理纠正AR的患者的资料,并对术后患者进行门诊随访,了解术后病情变化。所有患者病因均排除马凡氏综合征。结果住院死亡5例。随访（110＋39）周,术后1周、3个月及9个月患者AR面积、左心室舒张末期内径（1eftventficularenddiastolicdimension,LVEDd）、左心室收缩末期内径（1eftventricularend-systolicdimension,LYESd]、左心室射血分数（1eftventricularejectionfraction,LVEF）均较术前有明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。术后1周、3个月及9个月后患者AR面积、LVEDd、LVESd及LVEF两两比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。1例患者术后2年因AR加重而再次返院行主动脉瓣置换术,余患者门诊随访效果良好。结论主动脉瓣成形术是治疗主动脉夹层撕裂引起的AR有效的手术方法,且效果稳定。     

风湿性主动脉瓣膜病行主动脉瓣叶拓宽成形术中期随访结果

主动脉瓣膜成形术有很多不确定因素需要进一步探讨,包括什么类型的患者适合成形手术,选择什么材料,术后效果如何等等。该文在1992年9月至2000年12月期间,将自体心包片经戊二醛固定处理后为89例风湿性主动脉瓣关闭不全的青少年施行了主动脉瓣叶拓宽成形术。     

稳定型心绞痛老年患者冠状动脉成形术后升主动脉搏动强度与再狭窄

近来的一些研究表明 ,冠状动脉成形术后升主动脉的搏动强度是预测冠状动脉再狭窄的一个有用的指标。然而 ,通常存在主动脉硬化的老年人中 ,冠状动脉成形术后升主动脉的搏动强度是否仍然是预测冠状动脉再狭窄的一个有用指标尚不清楚。作者对此进行了研究。方法　将平均年龄为 ( 72 5± 5 1 )岁、患有稳定型心绞痛住院进行诊断性心导管术检查和冠状动脉再通术的 87例患者列为研究对象。其中排除有左室功能不全、肝肾功能损害、外周动脉闭塞性疾病、严重主动脉瓣病变、血液动力学不稳定和近 1个月发生急性冠状动脉综合征的患者。对患者进行冠…     

升主动脉夹层并发主动脉瓣关闭不全3例外科治疗

主动脉夹层多由主动脉内膜突然撕裂,血液冲入主动脉壁,分开其中层形成夹层血肿所致,过去也称为主动脉夹层动脉瘤,主动脉夹层并发主动脉关闭不全,临床上较为少见,本文报告3例并就其外科治疗进行分析.     

二叶式主动脉瓣主动脉扩张机制的研究进展

二叶式主动脉瓣(BAV)是最常见的先天性心脏疾病,BAV主动脉扩张与主动脉不良事件如主动脉瘤、主动脉夹层及破裂的风险增加密切相关,是一种潜在的致命性疾病。BAV主动脉疾病是遗传因素和血流动力学因素不同模式相互作用的结果,机制较为复杂。本文根据近年来BAV在基因遗传学、分子标记物、血流动力学影像标记物方面的研究进展,对其引起主动脉扩张的相关机制进行简要综述。     

主动脉瓣成形术在主动脉瓣关闭不全外科治疗中的近期效果分析

目的 分析主动脉瓣成形术(AVP)治疗主动脉瓣关闭不全(AI)的近期效果.方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月选取的29例因主动脉瓣关闭不全在阜外华中心血管病医院行主动脉瓣成形术的患者为成形组,并随机收集同期30例因主动脉瓣关闭不全行主动脉瓣置换术的患者作为对照(置换组),出院后通过门诊复查和电话进行随访,...     

升主动脉瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的：回顾性总结自１９９１年１２月至１９９９年５月期间,３３例升主动脉瘤伴主动脉瓣关闭不全外科治疗的经验。方法：３３例升主动脉瘤中,１例为真性动脉瘤。３２例为夹层动脉瘤。夹层动脉瘤按ＤｅＢａｋｅｙ分型法,Ｉ型８例,ＩＩ型２４例,均伴主动脉关闭不全,均行Ｂｅｎｔａｌｌ手术,１０例合并二、三尖瓣关闭不全,做二、三尖瓣整形手术。１例合并冠心病,做内乳动脉与前降支搭桥术,结果：手术死亡率为６．０％（２／３３）,２例分别死于感染性心内膜为和吻合不可控制性渗血,２例有严重脑部并发症,随访时间１～５５个月,远期死亡２例,均系错迷窒息死亡,其余２９例心功能明显改善,眩动脉瘤无复发。结论：（１）升主动脉瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全行Ｂｅｎｔａｌｌ手术,采用良好的心肌保护方法,注意吻合技术防止出血,可以取得良好的手术效果。（２）对Ｄ     

New fibrillin gene mutation - possible cause of ascending aortic dilation in patients with aortic valve disease: Preliminary results

BACKGROUND:

Approximately 10% of patients who undergo surgery for aortic valve disease (stenosis or regurgitation) suffer from ascending aortic dilation (AAD). A possible genetic etiology of AAD associated with aortic valve disease has been repeatedly mentioned in the literature, but a specific responsible gene mutation has not been described.

METHODS:

In the present study, two groups of patients were compared, all of whom underwent surgery for aortic valve disease. Group A was a cohort of 27 patients who suffered from aortic valve disease associated with AAD. Group B was a cohort of 29 patients with structural aortic valve disease, but without concomitant AAD (control group). Genomic DNA was extracted from the white blood cells of peripheral blood samples and was amplified using primers specific for chosen exons of the fibrillin-1 gene, including their intron/exon boundaries. Exons 26 and 27 were selected for analysis.

RESULTS:

Analysis of the intronic part situated close to exon 27 showed insertion of cytosine between nucleotide 37 682 and 37 683 of query sequence. This insertions was classified as IVS 37 682 and 37 683insC. This mutation was found in all 27 patients from group A (patients with structural aortic valve disease accompanied by significant AAD). The abovementioned mutation was not found in any of the 29 patients from group B.

CONCLUSIONS:

This finding has potential implications for risk stratification and therapeutic targeting not only for patients with existing disease, but also for the general population. Future studies are needed to determine the clinical utility of the finding; however, the present hypothesis needs to be verified by further molecular studies.     

The relationship between serum apelin levels and aortic dilatation in bicuspid aortic valve patients

Objective: The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart dis‐ease. The process of aortic dilatation is not completely clear in patients with the BAV. Apelin is a peptide found at high levels in vascular endothelial cells which has a role in vascular regulation and cardiovascular function. The aim of this study was to de‐termine the relationship between serum apelin levels and ascending aortic dilatation in adult patients with BAV.
Design: This cross‐sectional study included 62 patients with isolated BAV and to an age, gender, and body mass index‐matched control group of 58 healthy volunteers with tricuspid aortic valve. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed on all patients to determine the type of BAV. Aortic diameters of the aortic root, sinus val‐salva, sinotubular junction, and ascending aorta were evaluated with echocardiogra‐phy. Patients with BAV were divided into two subgroups according to the aortic diameters, as the nondilated BAV group and the dilated BAV group. Serum apelin level was analyzed with ELISA method.
Results: The serum apelin levels of the BAV patients were significantly lower than those of the control group (833.5, 25th‐75th percentile (713.5‐1745) pg/dL vs 1669 (936‐2543) pg/dL; P = 0.006). In the subgroup analysis, serum apelin level was signifi‐cantly different between the nondilated BAV group and the dilated BAV group [977 (790‐2433) pg/dL vs 737 (693‐870) pg/dL, P < 0.05] and between the dilated BAV group and the control group [737 (693‐870) pg/dL vs 1669 (936‐2543) pg/dL, P < 0.001]. In multivariate logistic regression analysis apelin [7.27 (95% CI: 1.73‐30.42), P = 0.007] and age [1.05 (95% CI: 0.99‐1.20), P = 0.049] were determined as inde‐pendent predictors for ascending aortic dilatation.
Conclusion: Low serum apelin level was associated with dilatation of ascending aor‐tic in BAV patients. However, apelin was not relevant to BAV without aortic dilatation.     

升主动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的总结升主动脉瘤的临床诊断和外科治疗经验。方法自2003年3月至2008年11月,20例升主动脉瘤患者中马凡综合征11例、升主动脉瘤伴主动脉瓣关闭不全3例、单纯升主动脉瘤3例、急性夹层动脉瘤伴主动脉瓣关闭不全2例、升主动脉瘤伴主动脉瓣关闭不全并感染性心内膜炎1例。行单纯Bentall手术10例、Bentall手术加右半弓人工血管置换2例、Wheat手术4例、Cabrol手术1例、David手术1例、主动脉瓣置换加主动脉弓置换加象鼻手术1例、主动脉瓣置换术加升主动脉成形术1例。结果全组无手术死亡和术后严重并发症发生。结论早期诊断、精细的手术操作技巧、据病情选择合适的手术方式,是改善升主动脉根部瘤患者预后的关键。     

Rates and determinants of progressive aortic valve dysfunction in aortic coarctation

Purpose

Aortic valve dysfunction is common in coarctation patients(CoA). Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) in CoA is associated with aortic valve stenosis (AS), aortic valve regurgitation (AR), and ascending aortic dilatation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the progression of and predictors for aortic valve dysfunction in CoA.

Methods

96 CoA patients prospectively underwent echocardiography twice between 2001 and 2010. AS was defined as an aortic valve gradient ≥ 20 mm Hg, AR as none/minor, or moderate/severe. Aortic dilatation as an ascending aortic diameter ≥ 37 mm.

Results

All patients (median age 28.0 years, range 17–61 years; male 57%) were followed with a median follow-up of 7.0 years. Sixty patients (63%) had BAV. At baseline 10 patients had AS (10%, 9 BAV), 6 patients AR (6%, 3 BAV) and 11 patients aortic dilatation (11%, 11 BAV). At follow-up 15 patients had AS (15%, 13 BAV) and 12 patients AR. (13%, 8 BAV).Median AS progression was 1.1 mm Hg/5 years (range — 13–28). Determinants for AS at follow-up were age (ß = 0.20, P = 0.01), aortic dilatation (ß = 4.6, P = 0.03), and baseline aortic valve gradient (ß = 0.93, P < 0.001). BAV was predictive for AR. (ß = 0.91, P = 0.049).

Conclusion

Progression of AS in adult CoA patients is mild in this young population. Older age, aortic dilatation and the baseline aortic valve gradient are determinants for AS at follow-up. BAV is predictive for AR. These findings point towards a common embryological pathway of both valvular and aortic disease in CoA.     

仿“Z”字主动脉窦部成形技术在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的应用

目的：评估仿“Z”字主动脉窦部成形技术在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的临床疗效;方法：回顾性分析自2014年9月至2018年12月在武汉亚洲心脏病医院大血管中心共收治急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层412例,其中入组125例,包含主动脉瓣重度关闭不全患者60例。男性80例,女性45例;年龄 30-77岁,平均年龄（51.9±9.37）岁。该组患者根部处理均应用仿“Z”字主动脉窦部成形技术,远端半主动脉弓置换15例,全主动脉弓置换110例。全主动脉弓置换患者均置入“象鼻”支架。结果：全组体外循环时间（170±41.2）min;主动脉阻断时间（130.1±30.6）min;深低温停循环时间（25.1±5.9）min。术后随访1.5月—4.3年,术后所有患者主动脉瓣返流程度均为0-1级。 术后经食道超声检查即刻主动窦部残余夹层3例,分别随访1.5年、2.5年和3.0年,未形成动脉瘤,主动脉窦部直径分别为4.3cm、4.2cm和4.5cm。余患者随访期间未发现因主动脉瓣返流及窦部情况再次手术。结论;仿“Z”字主动脉窦部成形技术在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的临床疗效较好,手术操作简单、易掌握、安全有效、易开展。尤其在合并主动脉瓣反流的患者中,避免了换瓣手术,缩短了手术时间,提高了患者的生活质量。     

Dilatation of congenital valvular aortic stenosis using Inoue balloon

Balloon dilatation of valvular aortic stenosis is often associated with problems of balloon seating across the valve and slippage during performance of dilatation. We describe 2 patients with congenital aortic stenosis who underwent balloon dilatation using the Inoue balloon, which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported earlier. The technique and its advantages and limitations in aortic valve dilatation are discussed. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:328–330, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Myocardial repolarization is affected in patients with ascending aortic aneurysm

Objective

Ascending aortic aneurysm (AAA) is one of the major causes of ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Diastolic dysfunction can induce ventricular repolarization dispersion. Nevertheless, myocardial repolarization dispersion is not yet to be fully evaluated in patients with AAA. We aimed to evaluate ventricular repolarization using QT and Tp-Te interval and corrected (c) Tp-Te/QT ratio in patients with AAA.

Quadricuspid aortic valve: a rare etiology of aortic regurgitation.

Quadricuspid aortic valve is a rare cause of aortic insufficiency. We report two unusual cases of this valvular pathology associated with a dilatation of the aortic root. The mechanism leading to this valve incompetence is incompletely understood and is discussed in regard to these cases.