充分应用视光学知识,努力提高我国人民的视觉质量

随着现代眼科学及视光学的迅速发展,人们对视觉质量提出了更高的要求。视光学知识和研究成果在眼科各领域的应用势必对提高人们的视觉质量产生影响,这也是我国广大眼科工作者今后主要的工作方向之一。本文从眼底病、白内障、眼表疾病及青光眼4个方面探讨视光学和眼科学的结合点,旨在为眼科工作者今后的研究方向提供依据。     

From Optician to Optometrist: The Professionalisation of the British and Australian Sight-testing Occupations

ABSTRACT The paper compares and contrasts the development of ophthalmic optics in Britain and optometry in Australia, both of which have achieved the status of accredited professions. It focuses on the issues which were important in each one's socio-historicai development in order to highlight sociopolitical themes such as their relationship to the state and with potentially or actually competing occupations and professions. The paper argues that success in controlling refractive sight-testing techniques and associated eye-care skills occurred in different ways and to different extents despite the fact that Britain originally provided the model for the development of optometry in Australia.     

三维仿真技术在眼视光教学中应用的研究进展

The three-dimensional simulation technology refers to the technology which can use the computer technology to generate a realistic virtual environment with visual, hearing, touch, taste, and other perception. Users can have interaction with entity in the virtual environment. With its very vivid virtual reality （VR） technology, 3D simulation technology has gained more and more attention and provided a new development platform for ophthalmology and optometry teaching. This paper mainly introduced teaching the present development situation and the specific application of the 3D simulation model, 3D animation technology, virtual reality technology in optometry and ophthalmology.     

Kurrajong People and Crystal Balls*

ABSTRACT This paper reviews the legislative and educational origins of optometry in Victoria, and traces its development to the present day. The author concludes by discussing the problems and challenges facing all the health care professions in the future.     

Newham Waterworth 1867–1949

ABSTRACT A biographical account of Newham Waterworth is presented, documenting in particular his contribution to the profession of optometry and its struggle to achieve legislative recognition in the State of Tasmania.     

The History of Optometric Research in Australia The Newham Waterworth Memorial Lecture Jubilee ANZAAS Congress,Adelaide, May 12–19, 1980

ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of research by optometrists in private practice, in schools of optometry and in research units or institutions. It briefly considers the position of the Australian Journal of Optometry, the influence of research training on political thinking, and the further support the profession might afford to optometric research.     

Professor Josef Lederer. Some Notes on His Career

ABSTRACT Professor Josef Lederer had outstanding contributions to education, politics and philosopy in his profession of optometry. The article covers the history of the establishment of his University and his School, the courses offered including higher degrees, and research both in the School and in associated research units and a research foundation.     

环戊通与阿托品睫状肌麻痹效果的差异性评价

背景 为获得准确的屈光不正度数,需要对初诊的屈光不正儿童进行充分的睫状肌麻痹验光,但是如何选择睫状肌麻痹剂存在争议. 目的 观察环戊通和阿托品对屈光不正低龄儿童睫状肌麻痹效果是否存在差异,为研究临床上环戊通是否可以替代阿托品进行部分低龄儿童的睫状肌麻痹验光提供参考依据.方法 前瞻性临床研究.采用自身配对设计的方法,在检查对象监护人的知情同意和配合下,对80例160眼、年龄4～9周岁的屈光不正儿童进行睫状肌麻痹验光,先使用质量分数1％硫酸环戊通滴眼液点眼,每5分钟1次,共3次,末次点眼45 min后行验光检查;3d后再使用质量分数1％硫酸阿托品眼用凝胶点眼,每天点眼3次,连续3d,于第4天复查验光;比较两种药物散瞳后电脑验光、检影验光及残余调节的屈光度值差异.结果 散瞳前和应用1％硫酸阿托品眼用凝胶后的电脑验光值分别为(0.55±3.52)D和(2.22±3.52)D,差值为(1.66±1.62)D,差异有统计学意义(t=13.02,P=0.00);应用1％硫酸环戊通滴眼液后电脑验光值为(1.74±3.46)D,与应用1％阿托品后的电脑验光值相比差值为(0.48±0.46)D,差异有统计学意义(t=13.08,P=0.00).两种药物散瞳后的电脑验光值之间呈明显的阳性相关(R2=0.98,P=0.00).利用红外线验光仪测量残余调节,1％环戊通滴眼液和1％阿托品凝胶散瞳后测量的残余调节值分别为(0.32±0.44)D和(0.05±0.41)D,差值为(0.27±0.55)D,差异有统计学意义(t=4.56,P=0.00).按屈光类型分为近视组、低中度远视组和高度远视组,两种药物散瞳后电脑验光的差值近视组为(0.31±0.37)D,低中度远视组为(0.56±0.48)D,高度远视组为(0.59±0.50)D;近视组明显低于低中度远视组,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.14,P=0.00).4～6岁组两种药物散瞳后电脑验光的差值为(0.61±0.53)D,7～9岁组差值为(0.49±0.39)D,两组间差异无统计学意义(t=1.21,P=0.23).因“调节”隐藏的屈光度值与两种药物散瞳后电脑验光的差值呈弱相关(r=0.43,P=0.00). 结论 1％硫酸环戊通滴眼液点眼和1％硫酸阿托品眼用凝胶点眼对低龄儿童均能起到使调节放松的作用,两种药物的差值主要表现在远视儿童中.因此临床上对于远视儿童的散瞳验光最好应用1％硫酸阿托品眼用凝胶.     

Artificial intelligence-aided diagnosis and treatment in the field of optometry

With the rapid development of computer technology, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to ophthalmology has gained prominence in modern medicine. As modern optometry is closely related to ophthalmology, AI research on optometry has also increased. This review summarizes current AI research and technologies used for diagnosis in optometry, related to myopia, strabismus, amblyopia, optical glasses, contact lenses, and other aspects. The aim is to identify mature AI models that are suitable for research on optometry and potential algorithms that may be used in future clinical practice.     

视觉健康管理背景下眼视光教育的探索与实践

世界卫生组织及我国"健康中国"战略都将视觉健康管理提升到前所未有的高度,多方位、全周期保障民众视觉健康,增强人们视觉保健的意识是我国实现健康中国的战略重点.而人才培养是行业发展的命脉与基石,因此眼视光人才教育的探索与建设又是重中之重.本文以天津医科大学眼视光专业为例,就当今社会视觉健康管理的背景下,如何切实有效地开展眼...     

眼视光学生专业承诺及影响因素的调查分析

目的:调查西安医学院眼视光专业学生专业承诺的状况及其存在的问题,为专业的发展进一步提出相应的建议与对策提供科学依据。方法:采用整群抽样,利用《大学生专业承诺量表》问卷,对西安医学院2008/2010年级眼视光专业148名学生进行问卷调查。结果:西安医学院三个年级中2009级专业承诺均值最高;3个年级学生的专业承诺之间有一定的差异;男生与女生在规范承诺上有显著差异;调剂学生的专业承诺均值低于其他报考第一、二、三、四志愿学生。结论:眼视光教育不仅要对学生进行专业思想教育,也要通过各种渠道向社会群体宣传眼视光专业的特点和专业发展的必要性。     

学龄前儿童电脑验光和检影验光的对比研究

目的:比较电脑验光和检影验光在学龄前儿童客观屈光检查中的应用价值。方法:门诊屈光不正的学龄前儿童98例196眼,年龄3～6岁,使用10g/L阿托品眼膏涂眼,2次/d,连用4d,第5d停药后分别使用电脑验光和检影验光,结果进行统计学分析比较。结果:比较电脑验光和检影验光的结果显示远视球镜均值电脑验光法(2.70±2.75D)所测结果低于检影验光法(2.99±2.09D),行配对t检验,两种方法结果比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);近视球镜均值电脑验光法(-2.74±1.25D)所测结果高于检影验光法(-2.35±2.18D),结果比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);散光轴向两种方法比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而散光度数值均值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:电脑验光和检影验光法在学龄前儿童散瞳验光应用中各有利弊,临床工作中需结合使用。     

The unification of European optometry: how the profession will change after 1992.

The economic integration of the European Community (EC) targeted for 1992 has the potential to change the course of the development of the optometric profession in Europe. One of the goals of this integration is to create within Europe an environment free of professional barriers, such that European professionals will be able to practice their skill anywhere within the Community. Because optometry is practiced so differently among the 12 EC countries, the development of a system of reciprocity for optometric credentials in Europe will be a difficult task. Currently, there exists a strong movement, headed by the Association of European Schools and Colleges of Optometry (AESCO), to unify the profession by creating a European-wide examination for optometry. The implications of such an examination are tremendous in that it will establish a standard for the delivery of optometric care not only for the 320 million people within the EC, but also world-wide. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current status of optometry in Europe, to review efforts by both the EC and AESCO to unify the profession, and to discuss the impact of recent developments on the future of optometry not only in Europe, but throughout the world.     

睫状肌麻痹前后综合验光仪与常规验光比较分析

目的 对比分析睫状肌麻痹前后综合验光仪主觉验光和常规主觉插片屈光度的差异变化,探讨科学规范的验光方法.方法 选取2009年8月行屈光检查的近视患者108例,年龄17～28岁,睫状肌麻痹前后用电脑验光仪或检影镜进行客观验光,然后在此基础上进行综合验光仪主觉验光和常规主觉插片.将检测结果用统计软件SPSS11.0进行统计学分析.结果 综合验光仪主觉验光球镜和柱镜度数在睫状肌麻痹前后变化不大,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).而常规验光球镜度数睫状肌麻痹前后差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).柱镜度数散瞳前后差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对于成人屈光不正患者,规范科学的综合验光仪主觉验光无需散瞳松弛睫状肌即可获得准确的屈光不正度数,是一种简便准确可靠的验光方法.     

不同年龄及不同进展程度的近视患者3种验光方法的选择时机

目的　探讨不同进展程度及不同年龄的近视患者选择小瞳验光、复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光及阿托品散瞳后验光的时机。方法　将年龄7～18岁的304例近视患者按复诊的戴镜视力或初诊的裸眼视力分为3组:0.1～0.3组、0.4～0.6组、0.7～0.9组。所有患者根据不同年龄段（7～9岁、10～12岁、13～15岁、16～18岁）分别进行小瞳验光、复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光及阿托品散瞳后验光,记录各组患者屈光度。结果　视力下降至0.1～0.3时,不同年龄段患者三种验光方式所得屈光度比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结果显示各年龄段近视患者采用小瞳验光、复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光、阿托品散瞳后验光的屈光度变化不明显。视力下降至0.4～0.6时,7～12岁近视患者复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光、阿托品散瞳后验光都比小瞳验光所得屈光度低,而阿托品散瞳后验光所得屈光度降低更显著;13～18岁近视患者复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光、阿托品散瞳后验光所得屈光度均低于小瞳验光所得屈光度,但其降低的差异随着年龄增长更加不明显。视力下降至0.7～0.9时,各年龄段近视患者小瞳验光、复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光、阿托品散瞳后验光所得屈光度差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）。各年龄段近视患者小瞳验光、复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光、阿托品散瞳后验光所得屈光度之间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义 （均为P＜0.05）。结果显示与小瞳验光所得结果相比,复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光和阿托品散瞳后验光所得屈光度均降低,而阿托品散瞳后验光结果降低更显著。结论　视力下降至0.1～0.3的不同年龄患者可采用小瞳验光。视力下降至0.4～0.6的12岁以上近视患者可采用复方托吡卡胺散瞳后验光。视力下降至0.4～0.6的12岁以下近视患者和视力下降至0.7～0.9的各年龄段患者均需采用阿托品散瞳后验光。     

A nationwide evaluation of the academic performance of male and female optometry students

The number of women entering optometry has risen steadily over the last two decades. The present study is a nationwide evaluation of the academic performance of male and female optometry students graduating in 1986. The data presented was obtained through the cooperation of 12 of the 15 U.S. schools and colleges of optometry. Factors which were investigated include preoptometry grade point average (GPA), GPA at the end of the first two years of optometry school, GPA for the second two years of optometry (calculated independently from the first two years GPA), Optometry College Admission Test (OCAT) scores, class rank at graduation and awards received at graduation. This analysis revealed very little difference in overall academic performance between male and female optometry students.     

The evolution of optometric education in America.

BACKGROUND: The first American optometry law was passed in Minnesota 100 years ago. That law--and the others that followed--determined the minimal educational requirements to practice optometry. Legislating the practice of optometry was the first step in changing optometric education, from a short course in refraction to an accredited university program. As the practice of optometry has changed and evolved over the past 100 years, so has the optometry school education. PURPOSE: This article chronicles the changes that have occurred in optometric education during this evolutionary period.     

Some History Notes on Optometry's Involvement with the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science

ABSTRACT The histories of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science and of the Australian Optometrical Association have interacted to the past advantage of optometry. From a fledgling in ANZAAS, optometry has advanced to be a discipline with its own body of knowledge well equippedNo identify and to pursue courses of research to advance the bounds of that body of knowledge. Lacking its own specialist scientific society optometry still seems to need ANZAAS. This paper ends by considering what duties optometry may owe to ANZAAS.     

VEP验光技术研究及法医学应用

目的:通过VEP验光结果与电脑验光结果的比较,评价VEP验光技术在眼外伤法医学鉴定中的应用价值。方法:通过对50例86眼不同程度的屈光不正依次行电脑验光和VEP验光,将两种方法所得的结果进行比较分析。结果:VEP验光与电脑验光结果比较无显著性差异。两者差值约有66.1%在0～0.25D之间;约有51.2%的电脑验光结果高于VEP验光结果。结论:在眼损伤的法医学鉴定中,VEP验光技术可以作为一种客观评价受检者屈光不正程度的验光手段。     

医学验光和常规验光的对比研究

目的:探讨科学、规范的验光方法。方法:随机抽取近视患者190例(380眼),年龄14～35岁,进行医学验光与常规验光的对比。结果:(1)球镜柱镜度数的差异:差异均在0.50D～0.75D范围最常见,与其它各组比较有明显的差异。(2)柱镜的轴位的差异:差异在6～10度范围最常见,与其它各组比较有近两倍以上的差异。结论:临床验光应科学规范,应广泛推广医学验光。