Fibrous contracture of bladder neck: cause, prevention, and treatment.

Through a retrospective study of bladder neck contracture it was found that bladder neck resection and incision were equally effective for treatment of postoperative bladder neck contractures. It was also found that incising the bladder neck at the end of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) did not cause vesicoureteral reflux and did not improve the incidence of postoperative bladder neck contracture.     

Transurethral treatment of bladder diverticula

We performed transurethral fulguration of the diverticular mucosa and incision of the diverticular neck in combination with transurethral prostatectomy or bladder neck resection to treat all aspects of diverticula in 9 patients. Eight cases with bladder outlet obstruction, involving 2 cases of large diverticula, have been successfully treated. A case with neurogenic bladder has failed. We found the transurethral procedure to be equally effective as open operation.     

膀胱颈切开防止小体积前列腺汽化电切术后膀胱颈挛缩的回顾研究

目的比较经尿道前列腺汽化电切术（TUVP）和TUVP＋膀胱颈内切开术（TCBNI）治疗小体积前列腺增生的疗效和术后膀胱颈挛缩的发生率。方法小体积前列腺增生患者51例,均行经直肠前列腺彩超以及尿流动力学检查明确诊断,19例采用TUVP治疗,32例采用TUVP＋TCBNI治疗,比较两组之间术前术后的Qmax以及膀胱颈挛缩的发生率和预后。结果两组之间术后尿流率均较前有改善,TUVP＋TCBNI组优于TUVP组（P〈0.05）,TUVP组术后发生膀胱颈挛缩6例,尿道扩张改善3例,3例再次手术治疗,TUVP＋TCBNI组术后发生膀胱颈挛缩2例,均行尿道扩张后好转。结论对于小体积前列腺增生,TUVP以及TUVP＋TCBNI均能改善排尿梗阻症状,但是TUVP＋TCBNI组优于TUVP组,且能更有效防止并减轻术后膀胱颈挛缩的发生以及严重程度,应作为治疗小体积前列腺增生的首选术式。     

Unilateral bladder neck incision: endoscopic treatment of bladder neck obstruction. Results in 100 patients

Endoscopic diathermy unilateral incision of the bladder neck was carried out in 100 consecutive male patients. This procedure was performed for bladder neck obstruction and small benign prostate. The operative details of this technique are given. Follow-up after 2 months revealed excellent symptomatic and urodynamic results. Morbidity was low. Results remain stable after 13 +/- 9 months. One patient needed a transurethral resection of the prostate. Retrograde ejaculation occurred in 5% of the patients. Unilateral bladder neck incision is a simple procedure safe, and easy to learn, with a low risk of retrograde ejaculation. It is the operation of choice for small benign prostate, bladder neck obstruction and young patients.     

Female bladder neck incision

Bladder neck resection or incision in the female is not a new urologic procedure; however, it has not been widely accepted because of poor results and complications. From January to December, 1986, ten such operations have been performed on females with obstructive uropathy. All had previous anti-incontinence procedures and postoperative obstruction developed. Bladder neck incisions rather than resections have been performed with encouraging results. Urologic presentation, urodynamic investigations, and details of the surgery are presented. Bladder neck incision is a valuable adjunct in the management of bladder neck obstruction in the female.     

Long-term follow-up of unilateral bladder neck incision

Sixty-four patients who underwent unilateral bladder neck incision (BNI) between 1980 and 1983 were reviewed. In 53 cases the flow rates showed no significant change from immediate post-operative values. All patients were interviewed or completed a questionnaire which demonstrated that 87% were satisfied with the long-term outcome of surgery. The incidence of repeat bladder neck incision or transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) compared well with the incidence reported in other studies, as did the recorded incidence of retrograde ejaculation at 16%, although 52.5% of patients noted a reduction in the volume of ejaculate.     

Bladder neck resection and transurethral resection of the prostate: a randomized prospective trial

Transurethral resection of the prostate and bladder neck incision are accepted methods in the treatment of obstructive prostatic hyperplasia. Bladder neck incision is particularly useful in cases of small prostates. We have modified the method of bladder neck incision to bladder neck resection. A randomized prospective trial was done to compare the results of conventional transurethral resection of the prostate (30 patients) and the new method of bladder neck resection. Bladder neck resection was comparable to transurethral resection of the prostate with respect to postoperative hospital stay, maximal flow rates and postoperative complications. Bladder neck resection was better than transurethral resection with respect to the operating time, transfusion requirement, volume of irrigation fluid and postoperative urinary infection. We conclude that bladder neck resection is the operation of choice in patients with a prostate of 30 gm. or less.     

Transurethral incision of the bladder neck and prostate.

Between March 1983 and December 1988, 66 men 50 years old and older with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction underwent transurethral incision of the bladder neck and prostate. Patients selected for incision had a small, clinically benign, prostate and peak urinary flow rate of less than 15 ml. per second. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation included symptom questionnaires and uroflowmetry. A single midline incision was made extending from the bladder neck to the verumontanum. Results were available in 64 of the 66 men who underwent the procedure with a mean followup of 2.24 years. Mean symptom scores decreased from 9.66 preoperatively to 4.59 postoperatively (p less than 0.001) and peak urinary flow rates increased from 7.4 to 14.7 ml. per second (p less than 0.0001). Antegrade ejaculation was preserved in 83.3% of the men who preoperatively had antegrade ejaculation. Subsequent transurethral resection of the prostate was required in 5 patients (7.6%). With a mean followup of greater than 2 years transurethral incision of the bladder neck and prostate was effective in treatment of bladder outlet obstruction caused by a small prostate while maintaining antegrade ejaculation in the majority of patients.     

Minimal transurethral prostatectomy plus bladder neck incision versus standard transurethral prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomised prospective study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and complications of the combination of minimal transurethral resection of the prostate and bladder neck incision in comparison with those of the standard transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty patients with prostates of 相似文献   

Management of functional bladder neck obstruction in women: use of alpha-blockers and pediatric resectoscope for bladder neck incision

PURPOSE: Functional bladder neck obstruction has been definitively diagnosed in the last few years due to detailed synchronous pressure flow, electromyography and video urodynamics. Clean intermittent self-catheterization and bladder neck incision are the modalities of treatment. To our knowledge the role of alpha-blockers is not yet defined in women. A new technique was developed to perform bladder neck incision using a pediatric resectoscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 women with obstructive voiding symptoms or retention were evaluated with video pressure flow electromyography, and diagnosed with functional bladder neck obstruction due to high pressure and low flow on silent electromyography and bladder neck appearance on fluoroscopy. Patients were initially treated with clean intermittent self-catheterization and alpha-blockers. Catheterization was stopped when post-void residual was less than 50 ml. and only alpha-blocker therapy was continued. Bladder neck incision was performed in patients who had a poor response to or side effects of alpha-blocker therapy, or when therapy was discontinued due to economic reasons. Clean intermittent self-catheterization was continued in patients who had a poor response to alpha-blockers or refused to undergo bladder neck incision. Bladder neck incision was performed in the initial 2 cases with an adult resectoscope using a Collin's knife and subsequently a pediatric resectoscope (13F). Uroflow and post-void residual measurements were performed in all cases. RESULTS: Of the 24 patients 12 (50%) showed improvement in symptoms, peak flow and post-void residual (p <0.01) with alpha-blocker therapy only. Of the 12 patients who had a poor response to alpha-blockers 6 underwent bladder neck incision subsequently and 6 remained on clean intermittent self-catheterization. All 8 patients treated with bladder neck incision, including 2 who had a good response but discontinued alpha-blocker therapy, had sustained improvement in post-void residual and peak flow (p <0.01) after a mean followup of 3.8 +/- 2.4 years. Grade 1 stress incontinence in 2 adult resectoscope cases responded to conservative treatment. None of the pediatric resectoscope cases had stress incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: Clean intermittent self-catheterization and alpha-blockers are the initial treatment options for functional bladder neck obstruction. The alpha-blockers were successful in 50% of our patients. Bladder neck incision should be offered judiciously with minimal risk of curable stress incontinence. The pediatric resectoscope is useful to make a well controlled incision safely in the female urethra.     

The treatment of incomplete bladder emptying in females by bladder neck incision

Thirty females suffering from incomplete bladder emptying underwent bladder neck incision. All patients had undergone some form of therapy earlier without success. The bladder neck incision was often an alternative to repeated catheterizations or an indwelling catheter. In 7 patients (23%) the result was excellent, 12 other patients (40%) benefited from the operation. The role of this operation and possible complications is discussed.     

Prevention of post-prostatectomy vesical neck contracture by prophylactic vesical neck incision

Most vesical neck contractures occur after resection of adenomas weighing less than 20 gm. This complication is believed to be secondary to excessive resection or fulguration of an undilated bladder neck. Prophylactic bladder neck incision was performed in conjunction with transurethral resection of the prostate on 114 patients with prostatic adenomas weighing less than 20 gm. Vesical neck contracture occurred in 1 patient (0.87 per cent), compared to 12 contractures in 161 patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate alone (7.5 per cent). Increasing bladder neck diameter by incision appears to be protective against formation of vesical neck contractures in patients with small obstructing prostatic adenomas.     

An objective comparison of transurethral resection and bladder neck incision in the treatment of prostatic hypertrophy

Transurethral resection has become the operation of choice in almost all cases of benign prostatic enlargement. However, when the gland does not exceed 30 gm. bladder neck incision is easier to perform, results in a lower morbidity, and is less likely to be followed by incontinence and retrograde ejaculation. We studied 2 groups of men with proved obstruction. Complete urodynamic investigation was done on 51 patients before and on 44 patients after the operation. We compared our subjective and objective findings in the 2 groups. The conclusion suggest that bladder neck incision is as effective as transurethral resection in relieving the obstruction of prostatic enlargement in the presence of a small gland.     

经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩17例诊治分析

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)后膀胱颈挛缩的手术方法和预防措施。方法对17例膀胱颈挛缩患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果经尿道行残留前列腺组织电切术或先用冷刀切开颈部后换用电切刀切除瘢痕组织,术后3个月随访,17例患者症状均改善或消失。结论经尿道腔内治疗TURP术后膀胱颈挛缩是一种安全有效的方法。     

The treatment of female bladder neck dysfunction.

During the period 1981-88, 38 women who eventually had the diagnosis of bladder neck obstruction established, were treated by bladder neck incision. Their age range was 28-85 years. The preoperative investigations included a full urodynamic examination and urethro-cystoscopy. The gynecologic examination was normal. The most constant finding was an elevated, rigid bladder neck seen by endoscopy. The treatment included a bladder neck incision either at 4 or at 8 o'clock. The results four weeks postoperatively were good, the symptoms had disappeared or the patients were improved in most cases, and the flow curves were normalized. Mean observation time was 55 months. After a longer period of time the symptoms in some cases returned, and then the incision was repeated. After the final control, we found 76% of the patients symptomatically improved.     

Unsuspected proximal urethral obstruction in young and middle-aged men

Proximal urethral obstruction, a common cause of prostatism in young and middle-aged men, often is misdiagnosed as prostatitis, neurogenic bladder or a psychogenic voiding disorder. Simple urodynamic studies (uroflowmetry and cystometry) do not distinguish a poor flow owing to bladder neck obstruction from that caused by poor detrusor contractility in these patients. Only the simultaneous measurement of detrusor pressure and uroflowmetry can make this distinction. A total of 23 patients with unsuspected proximal urethral obstruction underwent synchronous video-pressure-flow electromyography studies, and were treated and followed for a minimum of 1 year. Treatment by transurethral prostatic resection or bladder neck incision almost always was curative but alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents have not been effective. All patients who underwent transurethral prostatic resection or bladder neck incision at the 5 and 7 o'clock positions have had retrograde ejaculation but both patients who underwent unilateral bladder neck incision reported antegrade ejaculation.     

女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊断

目的：探讨女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊断方法,提高女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊治水平。方法：对42例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者的临床资料和腔内治疗情况进行回顾性分析。结果：诊断的42例患者行经尿道膀胱颈电切术,效果满意,无尿失禁及尿瘘发生。结论：临床症状结合膀胱尿道镜检查和压力-尿流率测定是该病可靠的诊断手段,经尿道膀胱颈电切术是治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的首选方法。     

Transurethral incision of the prostate and bladder neck.

Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) is compared to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) by reviewing nonrandomized, matched, and randomized studies. These studies indicate that incision of the prostate and bladder neck relieves outflow urinary obstruction, as does TURP. The incision is relatively easier to learn and perform, and requires shorter operative time compared to TURP. The incidence of retrograde ejaculation is lower after incision than after TURP--16% versus 63%, on average. Transurethral incision of the prostate has a potential for reduced costs due to reduced operative time, shortened hospital stay, and the potential for local anesthesia.     

女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊治体会

目的　提高女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊治水平。　方法　对 1 5例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者的诊治情况进行回顾性分析。　结果　 6例行膀胱颈Y V成形术 ,9例行经尿道膀胱颈后唇电切术 ,效果满意 ,无尿失禁及尿瘘发生。　结论　膀胱尿道镜结合压力 流率测定是该病可靠的诊断手段 ,经尿道膀胱颈部后唇切除是最佳治疗方法。     

经尿道针状电极膀胱颈内切开治疗膀胱颈挛缩

目的:探讨治疗膀胱颈挛缩的有效手术方法。方法:对17例膀胱颈挛缩患者行经尿道针状电极膀胱颈内切开术。结果:17例患者术后无明显残余尿,最大尿流率为12.3~27.2ml/s,主诉症状好转。结论:经尿道针状电极膀胱颈内切开治疗膀胱颈挛缩,疗效确切,术后不易复发。