腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复四肢软组织缺损

目的 总结应用游离腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复四肢软组织缺损并肌腱、骨外露的手术方法及临床应用效果.方法 对四肢软组织缺损创面应用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植进行修复9例,切取皮瓣面积21 cm×10cm～17 cm×8 cm.结果 皮瓣全部成活,没有并发症发生.术后随访6～20个月,皮瓣外形良好,供区均无腹壁薄弱及腹壁疝的发生.结论 腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣不带腹直肌及前鞘,只含有皮肤、皮下脂肪和血管蒂,避免了供区腹部并发症的发生.供区隐蔽,手术操作方便,是修复四肢软组织缺损的理想皮瓣之一.     

腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复四肢软组织缺损

目的：报告腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复四肢组织缺损临床应用结果。方法：自2006年1月至2012年1月,应用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣带蒂移植修复小腿（7例）和前臂（6例）软组织缺损13例,其中男9例,女4例;年龄21-45岁,平均33岁。软组织缺损范围7 cm×17 cm-8 cm×26 cm。外侧支和内侧支穿支皮瓣分别是7例和6例。供区直接缝合。结果：1例皮瓣发生小的皮缘裂开,术后1个月自然愈合,皮瓣全部成活。术后随访1.8-4.0年,平均2.8年,受区外形较好。结论：腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植很适宜修复四肢软组织缺损,这种技术安全、可靠,可降低对供区的损伤。     

游离腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损

目的:总结应用游离腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣（DIEPF）移植修复四肢软组织缺损的手术方法和临床疗效。方法:2016年5月至2020年4月,应用DIEPF移植修复四肢软组织缺损7例。软组织缺损范围为11.0 cm×5.5 cm~28.0 cm×17.0 cm,DIEPF切取面积13.0 cm×7.0 cm~30.0 cm×19...     

应用腹壁下动脉穿支游离皮瓣移植乳房再造

目的 通过应用腹壁下动脉穿支游离皮瓣移植进行乳房再造的手术方法，总结应用该方法进行乳房再造的临床经验。方法 切取以腹壁下动静脉为蒂的穿支游离皮瓣，将腹壁下动静脉与胸廓内动静脉相吻合，进行乳房再造。结果 自2000年以来，临床应用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣再造乳房共15例，10例皮瓣100％成活，2例皮瓣远端局部皮肤坏死，1例皮瓣远端脂肪硬结，2例皮瓣完全坏死。随访6个月至1年，再造乳房外形满意，供区无腹壁疝、腹壁膨出、腹壁薄弱等并发症发生。结论 腹壁下动脉穿支游离皮瓣是下腹部横行腹直肌肌皮瓣(TRAM皮瓣)的技术改良与发展，该皮瓣具有血运丰富、组织量大、易于塑形、供区损伤小等优点，是一种安全可靠的乳房再造方法。     

小儿腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨小儿腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复足踝部软组织缺损的可行性,报道其临床应用的初步效果. 方法 收治交通事故致伤的小儿足踝部软组织缺损合并肌腱、骨关节外露5例,软组织缺损面积最小11 cm×6 em,最大17 cm×6 cm;全部采用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复,其中腹壁下动、静脉与胫前动、静脉吻合2例,腹壁下动、静脉与足背动、静脉吻合1例,腹壁下动、静脉与胫后动、静脉吻合2例.移植皮瓣面积最小12 cm×7 cm.最大18 cm×7 cm.腹部皮瓣供区直接缝合. 结果 皮瓣术后顺利成活,皮瓣受区与供区创口愈合良好.术后随访1～5个月(平均3个月),皮瓣颜色、质地好,外形不臃肿,4例恢复保护性感觉.足踝功能恢复良好,腹部外形恢复较好,腹壁功能无明显影响. 结论 腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣移植不携带深筋膜与腹直肌,对腹部外形和功能影响小,皮瓣薄,修复足踝部创面不需二期修薄整形,是修复小儿足踝部软组织缺损的理想方法.     

应用腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损

目的总结应用腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣和肌瓣修复下肢软组织缺损的临床应用效果。方法用皮瓣修复胫前区软组织缺损5例,其中,上1/3软组织缺损3例,胫骨中1/3缺损2例,供区均选用同侧小腿。皮瓣切取大小4．0 cm×5．0 cm～5．5 cm×8．0 cm。用肌瓣修复髌前区软组织缺损5例,肌瓣切取大小3．5 cm×4．5 cm～5．5 cm×6．6 cm,肌瓣上行一期中厚网状游离植皮。结果2例术后发生表浅感染,经更换敷料逐渐愈合,皮瓣和肌瓣全部成活,所有病例随访10个月～2．8年(平均1年8个月),没有发现明显的供区功能障碍。受区的外形较好,取得了较满意的效果。结论该皮瓣以腓肠内侧动脉的肌皮穿支为血供,具有血供丰富、血管解剖恒定、血管蒂长以及皮瓣较薄的优点,带蒂移植适宜修复下肢软组织缺损。供区不隐蔽是其缺点。     

腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣修复腹部创面

目的探讨应用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣修复腹部创面的方法。方法2001年12月至2006年12月,对9例腹部创面,其中3例伴腹壁缺损的患者,用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣进行修复,供区直接缝合。结果本组9例腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣全部Ⅰ期愈合。随访6-12个月,外形良好,均无腹壁疝和腹内疝的发生。结论腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣是修复腹部创面合理、可靠的新方法,手术简单,易于普及推广。     

游离膝降动脉股内侧穿支皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损

目的 探讨应用游离膝降动脉股内侧穿支皮瓣修复下肢远端软组织缺损的方法和效果.方法 2009年1月-2010年4月,应用游离膝降动脉股内侧穿支皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损8例,皮瓣面积：5cm×8cm～6cm×15cm,5例以膝降动脉主干为血管蒂,3例以膝降动脉股内侧穿支为血管蒂.结果 8例皮瓣全部存活,术后随访6～18个月,皮瓣外观及质地良好,感觉恢复S3级.结论 膝降动脉股内侧穿支皮瓣血管解剖恒定,皮瓣厚薄适中,操作简便,是修复四肢远端皮肤缺损有用的办法.     

腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣修复腹部创面

目的探讨应用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣修复腹部创面的方法。方法2001年12月至2006年12月,对9例腹部创面,其中3例伴腹壁缺损的患者,用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣进行修复,供区直接缝合。结果本组9例腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣全部Ⅰ期愈合。随访6~12个月,外形良好,均无腹壁疝和腹内疝的发生。结论腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣是修复腹部创面合理、可靠的新方法,手术简单,易于普及推广。     

游离腹壁下深动脉穿支皮瓣一期重建乳房

目的　行乳癌改良根治术同时应用游离腹壁下深动脉穿支 (deepinferiorepigastricper forator,DIEP)皮瓣行一期乳房再造 ,以降低术后并发症的发生率。方法　 2 0 0 1年 12月～ 2 0 0 3年 1月对 12例患单侧乳癌的女性患者 ,在行乳癌改良根治术的同时用游离DIEP皮瓣行一期乳房再造 ,受区血管采用胸背动、静脉或胸廓内动、静脉。结果　本组 12例DIEP皮瓣中有 1例因为下腹部多条瘢痕 ,术后整块皮瓣坏死 ,其余 11例全部存活。 11例再造乳房和对侧乳房大小基本一致 ,术后无一例发生腹壁薄弱、腹部包块、腹壁疝等。结论　DIEP皮瓣是利用自体组织一期重建乳房合理可靠的新方法 ,较TRAM皮瓣 ,术后供区的并发症明显降低 ,康复快 ,但手术较复杂、时间较长 ,对外科技术的要求较高。     

Breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps

INTRODUCTION

Approximately 45,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer in the UK each year. The success of screening and the introduction of adjuvant therapies have meant that prognosis is improving and an increasing number of patients are seeking reconstruction following mastectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstructions performed in Stoke Mandeville Hospital and, through analysis of complications, detail the evolution of the current care pathway.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was performed of all the DIEP flap reconstructions performed by the senior author (MT) between July 2003 and December 2010.

RESULTS

Overall, 159 flaps were performed on 141 patients (including 36 bilateral flaps). The average patient age was 49 years (range: 28–70 years) and 13% of flaps were risk reducing for BRCA1/2. Twenty-six per cent of patients suffered one or more complication post-operatively, including systemic complications (pulmonary embolism 2%) and flap specific complications (partial flap necrosis 9%, reanastomosis 3%, fat necrosis 9%). Seventy-four per cent had further elective operations including nipple reconstruction (72%), contralateral breast reduction (36%) and scar revision (21%).

CONCLUSIONS

DIEP flaps are a safe and reliable option for breast reconstructions. This series illustrates the significant leaning curve, with complications, operative time and ischaemic time reducing through the series and post-operative haemoglobin increasing. The complications experienced in this series of 159 flaps with no total flap loss provide the framework for the evolution of the current care pathway including pre-operative imaging, peri-operative deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis and analgesia.     

Anterolateral thigh flap salvage following failed deep inferior epigastric artery perforator breast reconstruction

The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap is an option for women desiring autologous tissue breast reconstruction. If this reconstruction fails, other autologous tissue flaps, including the gluteal artery perforator and latissimus dorsi flaps, may be used for salvage. The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap offers adequate tissue volume for breast reconstruction, acceptable fat quality and a long vascular pedicle. Other advantages include obviating the need for intraoperative position changes and harvesting tissue outside of the radiation field. Two cases involving ALT flaps used in the setting of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator failure are presented with favourable results. A review of the anatomy of the ALT flap is included.     

Reconstructive surgery for foot and ankle defects in pediatric patients: Comparison between anterolateral thigh perforator flaps and deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps

BackgroundsDue to the delicate tissue, small blood vessels and incomplete development of interarticular ligaments, skin and soft-tissue defects of the foot and ankle in pediatric patients remain a challenge for orthopedic and plastic surgeons. Anterolateral thigh perforator (ALTP) flap and deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap are the most commonly used flaps for the repair of lower-extremity soft-tissue defects. The literature contains a shortage of evidence involving the differences between ALTP and DIEP flaps in the reconstruction of young patients with complex foot and ankle defects. This study was designed to determine which type of flap is better for foot and ankle repair in pediatric patients.MethodsFrom January 2004 to January 2018, 79 children younger than 14 years treated with DIEP flap (41 cases) or ALTP flap (38 cases) for composite defects of the feet and ankles were retrospectively investigated. The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age, the location of the defect, etiology, and flap area. Complications, scarring, cosmetic appearance, flap sensory recovery, and functional outcome were analyzed, and statistical analysis was performed.ResultsThe ALTP group had shorter operation time (155.0 ± 12.0 min vs 212.2 ± 23.9 min), flap harvested time (39.6 ± 5.1 min vs 57.2 ± 10.4 min), and operative blood loss (143.4 ± 23.7 ml vs 170.7 ± 44.7 ml) than the DIEP group (P < 0.05). In short-term follow-up, ALTP group showed a lower flap necrosis rate (5.3% vs 24.4%) and vascular insufficiency rate (2.6% vs 19.5%) than DIEP group (P < 0.05). In long-term follow-up, ALTP group showed a lower late complication rate and better cosmetic, functional, scar outcomes than DIEP group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe study showed that an ALTP flap may brings better results than a DIEP flap in terms of short- and long-term complications, scarring, and morpho-functional outcomes for pediatric patients undergoing reconstruction of foot and ankle defects.     

Objective evaluation of fat tissue induration after breast reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap

Problems in breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps include postoperative fat induration and necrosis. A resulting clinical symptom is palpable indurated tissue, but it is difficult to measure the stiffness of transplanted fat tissues objectively at a deep site. The ability to perform shear-wave elastography (SWE) was recently added to some common ultrasonic echo devices, enabling objective three-dimensional measurements of tissue stiffness. In this study, we measured the stiffness of transplanted DIEP flaps using SWE to examine the effects of measurement sites, flap size and perforator patterns on stiffness. The subjects were 26 patients who showed induration of a transplanted flap on palpation in follow-up observation performed more than 6?months after breast reconstruction with a DIEP flap. The effects of the weight of the transplanted flap, and the diameter, number and location of the perforators on the stiffness of fat tissue were also analyzed. Within each zone, distal regions showed higher values, but in Zone II, significantly higher stiffness was also found in the proximal region. Multivariate regression analysis including all measurement sites, the weight of transplanted flap, and diameter, number and location of perforators showed that the stiffness of fat tissue was significantly higher in subjects with a larger weight flap. For safe reconstruction, it will be useful to examine the stiffness of fat tissue in individual regions of a transplanted flap retrospectively, because the examination results can be used in actual clinical practice.     

CT血管成像技术在腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣术前设计中的应用

目的 探讨CT血管成像(computed tomography angiography,CTA)技术在腹壁下动脉穿支(deep inferior epigastrie artery perforator,DIEAP)皮瓣术前设计中的应用. 方法 2007年1月至2008年3月,对13例拟行DIEAP皮瓣手术的患者术前应用CTA技术对腹壁下动脉进行检查,包括5例阴道先天性缺如、4例阴茎阴囊Paget's病、4例乳腺癌术后乳房缺损的患者,将获得的数据进行处理,包括多平面重组、最大密度投影以及容积显示.观察腹壁下动脉的走行、分支以及穿支位置,并将CTA图像结果与术中情况进行比较. 结果 CTA图像提供腹壁下动脉在肌肉内走行和穿支位置等有效信息,指导DIEAP皮瓣的术前设计,并在手术中得到验证. 结论 术前对腹壁下动脉进行CTA检查,可以有效地指导DIEAP皮瓣的术前设计.