手背尺侧逆行岛状皮瓣的解剖学及临床应用

目的　为手背尺侧逆行岛状皮瓣移位术提供解剖学基础。　方法　 40侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人尸体上肢标本 ,解剖观察尺动脉腕背支的起始、走行、分支分布以及远端吻合情况。临床应用 2例修复机器轧伤环、小指 ,软组织缺损范围为 4.5～ 5.0 cm× 2 .0～ 3.5 cm。　结果　尺动脉腕背支于豌豆骨上 (3.9± 1 .2 ) cm始于尺动脉 ,外径 (1 .3± 0 .2 ) mm,分出升支、降支。降支为腕背支的延续 ,经第 5掌骨尺侧缘直达掌骨头颈处与小指动脉尺侧支或掌深弓小鱼际支相吻合占 70 % ;降支至豌豆骨附近变为纤细 ,由小指动脉尺侧支或掌深弓小鱼际支上行与之吻合占 30 % ;吻合外径 (0 .5± 0 .1 ) mm。临床应用的 2例 ,术后创面 期愈合 ,随访 3～ 4个月手指功能恢复正常。　结论　尺动脉腕背支降支为蒂的手背尺侧逆行岛状皮瓣 ,以豌豆骨下 5 cm为皮瓣旋转点 ,适用于手背及邻指软组织缺损修复 ,也可制成带神经、肌腱和骨片的复合组织瓣     

带尺动脉腕上皮支降支筋膜皮瓣的解剖与临床研究

目的　研究以尺动脉腕上皮支降支为蒂前臂尺侧逆行岛状皮瓣的解剖学基础及临床应用可靠性。　方法　选用红色乳胶及中国墨汁动脉灌注上肢标本共 2 0例 ,上肢动脉铸型标本 5例 ,解剖观察尺动脉腕上皮支降支来源、走行、分布及与腕背血管分支吻合。在解剖观察基础上 ,临床应用 12例 ,对各种原因所致的手部皮肤及深部组织缺损病例 ,设计尺动脉腕上皮支降支蒂前臂尺侧逆行皮瓣转位修复。皮瓣面积最大 15cm× 9cm ,最小 5cm× 8cm。　结果　尺动脉腕上皮支于豌豆骨上方约4cm处恒定起于尺动脉 ,起始处外径约 1 0～ 1 5mm ,主干长约 1 2cm ,于尺侧腕屈肌深面分出升支和降支。降支自腕上皮支分出下行 ,起始处外径约 1 0mm ,在腕背尺侧与桡动脉腕背支末端形成恒定的吻合。此外 ,尚有较浅层次的吻合支约 4～ 5支 ,分布于指伸肌腱浅面、小指展肌与小指伸肌腱之间。降支在行程中有较丰富的静脉血管网伴行。临床应用 12例 ,10例全部存活 ,2例皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死 ,经换药后愈合。术后经 6～ 12个月随访 ,皮瓣存活 ,血运良好。　结论　尺动脉腕上皮支降支与腕部血管网有丰富的吻合 ,以降支为蒂逆行供血设计皮瓣 ,血供可靠 ,蒂部更长 ,转位更加灵活 ,皮瓣转位可覆盖手部各种创面。     

以尺动脉腕背支为蒂双叶骨皮瓣再造拇指的应用解剖

目的　为应用尺动脉腕背支骨皮瓣再造拇指提供解剖学理论基础。　方法　 3 5侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人上肢标本 ,解剖观测尺动脉腕背支的起源、走行、分支、外径、皮支及骨膜支 ,用一侧标本进行再造拇指摹拟手术实验。　结果　腕背支于豌豆骨上 (4 0± 1 0 )cm始于尺动脉 ,干长 (1 2± 0 5 )cm ,外径 (1 3± 0 5 )mm。分出升支和降支 ,外径分别为 (0 8± 0 3 )mm和 (1 1± 0 2 )mm。腕背支的皮支分布前臂尺侧、腕部和手背尺侧 ,骨膜支分布尺骨远段前内侧面和第 5掌骨。　结论　尺动脉腕背支为蒂的前臂尺侧和手背尺侧双叶骨皮瓣 ,可用于再造拇指。     

逆行小鱼际岛状皮瓣的临床应用

小鱼际皮瓣是以尺动脉掌浅弓皮支及尺神经小鱼际皮支为蒂的皮瓣,常可通过顺行或逆行转移修复手部皮肤软组织缺损.我们在解剖观测的基础上设计以小指尺侧固有动脉为蒂的小鱼际逆行岛状皮瓣修复手掌及手指掌侧皮肤缺损,自2001年以来临床一般应用8例,效果满意,报道如下.     

尺动脉腕上皮支及下行支筋膜皮瓣修复手部创面的临床应用

目的探讨带尺动脉腕上皮支及下行支的筋膜皮瓣修复手部创面的临床疗效。方法对24例手部皮肤软组织缺损患者采用带尺动脉腕上皮支及下行支的筋膜皮瓣逆行转移修复;其中手掌尺侧缺损创面6例,手背尺侧3例,环指掌侧5例,小指掌侧4例,环指背侧3例,小指背侧3例;急诊一期手术19例,手部瘢痕挛缩二期手术修复5例。结果24例皮瓣全部成活。患者均获得随访,时间3～36（12±3）个月,修复后的皮瓣质地、外形满意,无色素沉着,13例修复感觉神经者两点分辨觉为6～9mm;5例瘢痕挛缩者手部屈曲挛缩解除,手指主被动活动度得到明显改善。结论应用带尺动脉腕上皮支及下行支的筋膜蒂皮瓣修复手部缺损创面解剖较恒定,操作简便,成活率高,值得临床推广。     

小鱼际皮瓣的显微解剖学观察

对小鱼际皮瓣进行显微解剖观察，发现其血供来源为：（１）尺动脉主干发出３￣７个皮支，其中１支较恒定称之为尺动脉小鱼际皮支；（２）小指固有动脉发出４￣６皮支营养该区域；（３）尺动脉深支发出的皮支、肌皮支。其静脉回流为：（１）动脉皮支的伴行静脉；（２）手掌侧皮下静脉网。其神经支配为尺神经浅支发出的１￣２个皮支。小鱼际皮瓣有独立的动、静脉及神经支配，我们认为应用此皮瓣来修复大鱼际区、腕掌侧及手指皮肤缺损是     

带尺动脉腕上皮支的不同蒂皮瓣临床应用

浙江湖州市第一医院骨科夏增兵、王丹、袁永健来稿:分别选用以尺动脉腕上皮支主干--升支为蒂皮瓣、尺动脉腕上皮支降支--升支为蒂皮瓣、尺动脉远端一腕上皮支升支为蒂皮瓣,修复手部软组织缺损共18例.术中腕上皮支降支为蒂或主干升支为蒂的皮瓣切取时可带入2～3 cm宽筋膜蒂,保留浅层的筋膜血管网.修复手掌创面时,需于受区找到可供吻合神经与前臂内侧皮神经缝接.     

三种前臂微型游离皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的比较

[目的]探讨三种用于修复手指软组织缺损的前臂微型游离皮瓣的效果及其差别。[方法]2013年5月～2016年5月收治32例手指软组织缺损患者(42指),其中10例为2指软组织缺损,22例为1指软组织缺损,分别应用桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹皮瓣、尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣或(和)骨间背侧动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复。[结果]术后随访6～12个月,1例骨间背侧动脉穿支皮瓣和2例尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣术后出现小面积坏死,其余皮瓣均一期成活。2例骨间背侧动脉穿支皮瓣和2例尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣由于外观和功能影响二期行皮瓣整形术。[结论]应用桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹皮瓣、尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣和骨间背侧动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复手指软组织缺损有其相似的共同点,同时三者之间又有一些微妙的差别,需根据受区具体情况酌情选择为宜。     

尺动脉腕上皮支降支皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨尺动脉腕上皮支降支皮瓣修复腕部、手掌、手背部和虎口皮肤软组织缺损的手术方法及临床效果.方法 根据缺损部位、创面的大小及形状,以豌豆骨与肱骨内上髁连线为皮瓣轴心线,以尺侧腕伸肌腱止点与尺骨茎突之间为皮瓣旋转点,在前臂尺侧设计并切取尺动脉腕上皮支降支皮瓣,逆行旋转修复腕部、手掌、手背部和虎口皮肤软组织缺损15例,切取皮瓣面积最大13 cm×9 cm,最小5 cm×7 cm.结果 15例中2例皮瓣远端小部分浅表坏死,经换药处理后愈合,其余13例完全成活.术后经4～12个月随访,外形及功能满意.结论 尺动脉腕上皮支降支皮瓣血供可靠,旋转点更低,操作简便,不损伤主要血管,修复腕部、手掌、手背和虎口皮肤软组织缺损外形及功能较好,值得临床推广应用.     

尺侧返血管背侧支前臂上部尺侧皮瓣的应用解剖

目的为肘部软组织缺损修复提供一种新的皮瓣供区。方法 在30侧成人上肢标本上解剖观察了尺侧返血管及其肌皮支的起始、走行、分支、分布,与尺动脉肌皮支、尺侧下副动脉的吻合关系。结果尺侧返动脉始于尺动脉上段,起点距肱骨内上髁(5.3±1.0)cm,外径(1.9±0.3)mm,其背侧支位于尺神经深面,沿尺神经沟上行,沿途分出1～2支外径(1.1～0.3)mm的肌皮支,分布前臂上部尺侧。尺动脉近端肌皮支起点距肱骨内上髁下方(8.4±1.4)cm,外径(1.3±0.3)mm。两者肌皮支在皮下相吻合。结论以尺侧返血管背侧支为蒂的皮瓣移位可用于修复肘部周围软组织缺损。     

Ruptured aneurysm at the choroidal branch of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery: a case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: The authors present a rare case of a ruptured aneurysm at the choroidal branch of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). CASE DESCRIPTION: A 77-year-old female was admitted to our institute because of sudden onset of severe headache and vomiting. Radiologic examination revealed intraventricular hemorrhage caused by rupture of the aneurysm at the choroidal branch of the PICA. The fusiform aneurysm was resected after ligation via a midline suboccipital approach. CONCLUSIONS: The conclusions drawn from this experience and a review of the literature include the following: (1) the aneurysm at the branch of the PICA is frequently associated with anomalies of the vascular structure, particularly in hypoplasty of the contralateral PICA; (2) hemodynamic stress is speculated to be a causative factor of these lesions; (3) cases with hypoplasty of the contralateral PICA have the possibility of developing nonmycotic peripheral aneurysms at the branch of the PICA; (4) these aneurysms should be managed immediately because of the high risk of rebleeding.     

Pancreatoduodenectomy in which dissection of the efferent arteries of the head of the pancreas is performed first

Background/Purpose Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is one of the most difficult operations in gastrointestinal surgery. Standard PD ligates and cuts superior mesenteric vein (SMV) branches after the removal of the pancreas head, which leads to congestion and bleeding of these veins. Methods In this study, we modified the standard PD and first ligated the efferent vessels (arteries); namely, the gastroduodenal artery and inferior pancreatoduodenal artery (IPDA), before ligating and cutting the corresponding afferent vessels (veins) of the pancreas head. By doing this, congestion of these veins was relieved and bleeding from the resected surface was substantially prevented. Thirty-six patients (18 underwent standard PD and 18 had modified PD) formed the study population. Results The amount of bleeding in the modified PD group was significantly lower than that in the standard PD group. (678 ± 329 g vs 1225 ± 375 g, respectively; P < 0.05) However, no difference in operation time was found between the two groups. Conclusions We believe this modified PD procedure is valuable to enable the safe performance of PD.     

An anatomical variation of the thoracodorsal artery with comments on flaps based on the axillary artery

Summary A rare variation of the axillary artery is presented. On routine anatomical dissection in one male cadaver the thoracodorsal artery was found to originate from the acromiothoracic artery independently from the circumflex scapular artery. Numerous flaps based on the branches of the axillary artery have been described. As a result of this case, and a review of the literature to gain further knowledge of anatomical variations, it is advised that preoperative angiography is indicated prior to utilizing flaps from this area.     

Anatomical study of the origin and course of the median superficial sural artery

The origin and course of the median superficial sural artery which is important for raising fasciocutaneous flaps in the upper part of the posterior skin of the leg has been investigated in 42 cases and the results obtained to date are discussed.     

原位肝移植术中肝动脉变异及术后肝动脉血栓形成的处理

目的探讨肝移植术中肝动脉变异及术后肝动脉血栓形成的处理。方法统计2000年8月至2002年12月期间进行肝移植术的67例次供、受者肝动脉的变异情况；分析肝动脉的重建方式，探讨肝动脉变异与手术后肝动脉血栓形成的关系、肝动脉血栓形成的危险因素及肝动脉血栓形成后的处理。结果67例次供者肝脏和65例受者肝脏共出现肝动脉变异12例次，发生频率最高的为右肝动脉起源于肠系膜上动脉(5例)及左肝动脉起源于胃左动脉(3例)。肝动脉的重建方式如下：供者及受者肝总动脉与胃十二指肠动脉分叉处成型后吻合58例；腹主动脉与肝动脉搭桥2例；利用变异的肝动脉分支吻合7例。手术后发生肝动脉血栓形成3例，均经腹股沟处股动脉插管行肝动脉溶栓治疗，此3例患者中死亡1例。结论避免变异的肝动脉损伤、选择适当的肝动脉吻合方式可以保证移植肝脏的动脉血供。肝动脉血栓形成与肝动脉变异无关。作为肝动脉血栓形成后的保守治疗方法，肝动脉内溶栓治疗有可能避免2次移植。     

Aneurysm at the origin of the accessory middle cerebral artery

An aneurysm at the junction of the accessory middle cerebral artery and the horizontal portion of the anterior cerebral artery is reported. The importance of this anomalous artery is discussed with regard to the genesis of aneurysms of the anterior cerebral artery.     

Successful surgical management for aneurysms of single coronary artery with a fistulous connection to the right ventricle

While a coronary artery fistula with aneurysmal formation is rare, a fistula/aneurysm combination occurring in single coronary artery is even rarer. Here, we report the successful surgical correction of a right ventricular fistula with a large aneurysm of 30 mm and a daughter aneurysm within a case of single coronary artery.     

Spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the main trunk of the superior mesenteric artery: Report of a case

A 47-year-old man with a sudden onset of abdominal pain was diagnosed as having an aneurysm of the main trunk of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), which induced ischemic colitis of the transverse colon probably because of a transient decrease in the SMA blood flow. The patient was successfully treated by resection of the aneurysm and an end-to-side anastomosis of the SMA to the aorta. A histological examination revealed a spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the SMA.