椎体骨质疏松骨折与转移瘤骨折的MRI形态差异

目的 探讨椎体骨质疏松性骨折与椎体转移瘤骨折的MRI鉴别要点。方法 分析31例椎体骨质疏松性骨折和22例椎体转移瘤骨折的MRI影像表现．比较此两类病理性质不同的椎体骨折的MRI形态差异。结果 椎体骨质疏松性骨折以连续性多椎体骨折多见．椎体骨折以双凹状和楔状变形为主，较少累及附件，较少出现椎旁肿胀，邻近诸椎体通常伴有骨质疏松的信号异常。椎体转移瘤骨折常为单发．病椎可呈多发或跳跃式分布，骨折的椎体以压缩变形多见，常累及椎体的附件，伴有椎旁软组织肿块。两种骨折均较少累及椎间盘．骨折的椎体信号改变均不具有特征性。结论 依据MRI形态特征可对椎体骨质疏松性骨折与椎体转移瘤骨折作出鉴别诊断。     

低场MRI诊断脊柱转移瘤价值

目的:探讨低场MRI诊断眷柱转移瘤的价值.方法:回顾性分析经手术及临床证实49例眷柱转移瘤患者的MRI影像学费料.结果:溶骨性转移34例(69.4%),MRI表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号,STIR高信号;成骨性转移10例(20.4%),MRI表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI低信号,STIR也呈低信号;混合性转移5例(10.2%),MRI表现为高低不均混杂信号.28例患者行钆喷替酸葡甲胺增强扫描,结果显示脊椎转移灶均有轻度不均匀强化,椎旁有软组织肿块,有轻度不均匀强化.结论:MRI是诊断脊柱转移瘤重要的影像学方法.     

骨质疏松和转移瘤致椎体压缩骨折的MRI早期鉴别诊断

目的评价核磁共振成像(MRI)在早期鉴别骨质疏松性椎体骨折(OVCF)与转移瘤性椎体骨折(MVCF)方面的价值。方法回顾性分析32例OVCF和22例MVCF患者骨折早期(≤2月)的MRI资料,观察记录MRI资料中出现椎旁软组织肿块、出现其他椎体转移灶、椎体后缘皮质后凸、椎弓根累及、出现硬膜外肿块、骨折椎体存留正常骨髓信号、椎体后部骨碎块后移、伴随多处椎体骨折这8种征象,所得结果采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 MVCF的MRI征象多骨折椎体后缘皮质后凸、椎弓根受累及、出现硬膜外肿块、出现椎旁软组织肿块及出现其他椎体转移灶;OVCF的MRI征象中多有骨折椎体存留正常骨髓信号;差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。而椎体后部骨碎块的后移及伴随多处椎体骨折两种征象差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论常规MRI影像技术有助于早期鉴别OVCF与MVCF,具有重要的临床意义。     

低场强MRI在脊柱转移瘤诊断中的价值

摘要:为探讨低场强MRI对脊柱转移瘤的诊断价值,作者对78例经临床、病理证实的脊桂转移瘤的低场强MRI资料进行了研究,并与X线平片、CT检查、核素骨扫描进行了对照。结果显示:脊柱转移瘤在低场强MRI上表现为受累椎体信号异常、椎体变扁膨出、多椎体受累、跳跃征、椎间盘嵌入征、多累及椎弓、椎旁软组织肿块。本研究提示:低场强MRI比X线平片、CT检查、核素骨扫描能更敏感地检出脊柱转移病灶,并能对转移灶的分布、数目、大小以及是否侵犯邻近组织作出全面评价。     

IVIM-DWI联合MRS鉴别诊断骨质疏松与转移性椎体压缩性骨折

目的 探讨体素内不相干运动DWI（IVIM-DWI）联合MRS鉴别骨质疏松与骨转移所致椎体压缩性骨折的价值。方法 收集因椎体压缩性骨折接受CT扫描并难以诊断的患者共70例,基于病理或临床随访结果将其分为骨质疏松组和转移组。对所有患者均行常规矢状位T1W、T2W、STIR序列和IVIM-DWI、¹H-MRS扫描。测定4.7 ppm处水信号和1.3 ppm处脂质的相对峰下面积,评估IVIM-DWI参数和MRS参数,通过ROC曲线评估MRS、IVIM-DWI及两者联合对转移性椎体压缩性骨折的诊断效能,并计算曲线下面积（AUC）。结果 转移组的f值、D值和FF显著低于骨质疏松组,D^*值明显高于骨质疏松组（P均<0.05）。MRS、IVIM-DWI及二者联合诊断骨质疏松和转移性椎体压缩骨折的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为87.50%（28/32）、57.89（22/38）、71.43%（50/70）,78.13%（25/32）、89.47%（34/38）、84.28%（59/70）及90.63%（29/32）、97.37（37/38）、94.29%（66/70）。MRS、IVIM-DWI及二者联合的AUC分别为0.73、0.88和0.94（P均<0.05）。结论 IVIM-DWI联合MRS可提高鉴别诊断骨质疏松与转移性椎体压缩性骨折的效能。     

低场MR对脊柱转移瘤和结核的诊断及鉴别诊断作用

目的　分析脊柱转移瘤和结核的MR表现 ,探讨低场MR对二者的诊断及鉴别诊断作用。方法　回顾性分析经病理证实的脊柱转移瘤和结核各 5 0例的MRI资料。结果　脊柱转移瘤和结核多累及胸椎及腰椎 ,两个部位无明显差异 ,颈椎累及少见。MR信号呈多样化 ,椎体的信号多表现为长T1长T2 ,信号的改变对二者的鉴别诊断无明显意义 ,GRET2WI序列显示两种病变都很敏感。结论　SET1WI、T2WI和GRET2WI对脊柱转移瘤和结核的信号变化显示很敏感 ,结合病变的形态改变 ,包括椎体、附件、椎间盘和相邻软组织 ,能对脊柱转移瘤和结核的诊断及鉴别诊断提供帮助。     

椎体转移瘤低场磁共振诊断评价

目的探讨低场MRI对脊椎转移瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析169例268个椎体转移瘤及对照组151例223个椎体骨折的低场MRI形态、信号等改变。结果在水脂分离序列(WFS)及短时间反转恢复序列(STIR)等脂肪抑制序列图像上所有转移瘤均呈高信号。椎体转移灶在T1WI上218个呈低信号,50个呈等信号;在T2WI上71个呈稍高信号,67个呈等信号,130个呈低信号。增强扫描209个有不同程度强化,59个增强扫描后信号与椎体信号相近。结论椎体转移瘤在MRI上表现为椎体内异常信号,以脂肪抑制序列最为敏感,低场MRI可对椎体转移瘤做出全面、准确的评价。     

椎体骨质疏松性骨折与椎体转移瘤骨折的MRI鉴别诊断

目的：探讨椎体骨质疏松性骨折与椎体转移瘤骨折的MRI形态特征。方法：分析和比较31例椎体骨质疏松性骨折和22例椎体转移瘤骨折的SE序列MRI影像表现。结果：椎体骨质疏松性骨折以连续性多椎体骨折多见，骨折的椎体以双凹状和楔状变形为主，少有累及附件，较少出现椎旁肿胀，邻近诸椎体常呈现骨质疏松的信号改变。椎体转移瘤骨折常为单发，瘤处可呈多发或跳跃式分布，骨折的椎体以压缩变形多见，常累及椎体的附件，伴有椎旁软组织肿块。两种骨折均少有累及椎间盘，骨折的椎体信号改变也不具有特征性。结论：依据MRI形态特征可以对椎体骨质疏松性骨折与椎体转移瘤骨折作出鉴别诊断。     

mri在椎体骨质疏松和转移瘤压缩性骨折诊断中的应用

目的:探讨椎体骨质疏松和转移瘤压缩性骨折的MRI诊断和鉴别诊断.材料与方法:回顾性分析经临床、病理及随访证实的35例(52个椎体)骨质疏松和48例(60个椎体)转移瘤致椎体压缩性骨折的MRI表现,并分析和记录各种征象.结果:骨质疏松压缩性骨折在T1WI上46.15％(24/52)椎体呈低信号,T2WI上32.69％(17/52)椎体呈高信号.转移瘤压缩性骨折在T1WI上91.67％(55/60)呈低信号,T2WI上95.0％(57/60)椎体呈高信号.骨质疏松压缩性骨折椎体形态以“楔形”和“凹陷型”多见,分别占46.15％(24/52)和44.23％(23/52).转移瘤压缩性骨折中,26.67％(16/60)的椎体为“倒楔形”,扁平型占58.33％(35/60).18个椎体伴随椎弓根骨质破坏和椎旁软组织肿块.结论:骨质疏松和转移瘤致椎体压缩性骨折在MRI上存在多种差别征象,MRI对于二者的鉴别有重要价值.     

常规MRI鉴别诊断椎体转移瘤与良性压缩骨折

目的 探讨常规MRI对鉴别诊断椎体转移瘤与椎体良性压缩骨折的价值.方法 回顾性分析58例144个椎体压缩骨折的临床MRI资料,其中良性压缩骨折36例92个椎体(外伤性10例14个椎体,非外伤性26例78个椎体),转移瘤所致骨折22例52个椎体,观察椎体形态、信号、椎体后缘形态、椎弓根形态及信号、椎间隙、椎旁软组织及强化表现.结果 良性压缩骨折在T1WI上40.21%(52/92)椎体呈低信号,T2WI上27.17%(25/92)椎体呈高信号;椎体转移瘤压缩骨折T1WI上92.31%(48/52)椎体呈低信号,在T2WI上96.15%(50/52)椎体呈高信号,增强扫描后呈明显强化.良性压缩骨折中楔形及凹形椎体分别占41.30%(38/92)和57.61%(52/92),41.30%(38/92)椎体后缘成角,13个椎体旁软组织肿块呈环形;椎体转移瘤压缩骨折中42.31%(22/52)椎体为倒楔形,圆隆状椎体后缘占73.08%(38/52),椎体椎弓根膨隆且T2WI均呈高信号占59.62%(31/52),25个椎体(48.08%)旁软组织肿块呈不规则结节状.结论 常规MRI征象有助于鉴别诊断椎体转移瘤与椎体良性压缩骨折.     

烟雾病导致皮质型分水岭梗死的低场MRI特征分析

目的分析烟雾病导致皮质型分水岭脑梗死(CWI)的低场磁共振成像(MRI)表现特征,探讨侧支循环异常和皮质型CWI的关系。方法搜集11例经MRI及临床证实为烟雾病导致皮质型分水岭梗死的MRI资料。采用西门子concerto型0.2T磁共振,常规梯度回波T1WI(GRE-T1WI)、T2WI液体衰减反转恢复序列(FLAIR)和增强GRE-T1WI、后文(TOF-MRA)检查(11例)以及增强FLAIR检查(4例),分析其影像特征。结果缺血病变位于皮层分水岭区及基底神经节区,包括皮质前型CWI(8例)和皮质后型CWI(6例),及基底节区皮质型CWI(2例)。MRI平扫显示分水岭区皮质萎缩(3例),分水岭区皮质水肿(8例),及基底神经节区水肿(2例)。FLAIR显示基底节区病变周围深穿支血管高信号征(2例)。增强FLAIR显示病变区柔脑膜增厚强化(4例)。增强T1WI显示病变区皮层强化(2例)。结论 皮质型分水岭脑梗死的MRI表现特征和侧支循环重建机制有关。微循环障碍及血流动力学障碍和皮质型分水岭梗死密切相关。皮质型分水岭脑梗死的MRI特征性表现对烟雾病的诊断具有重要意义。     

Continuous intrathecal morphine infusion in patients with vertebral fractures due to osteoporosis

OBJECTIVES: Vertebral fractures are the most common consequences of severe osteoporosis. The chronic pain from collapse of osteoporotic vertebrae affects quality of life (QOL) and autonomy of patients. The management of pain with oral or transdermal opiates can cause severe side effects. Continuous intrathecal administration of morphine via an implantable pump might represent an alternative therapy to conventional oral or transdermal administration of opioids and has some advantages and disadvantages for pain relief and improvement in QOL when compared with conventional opioid delivery. It is our objective to report our experience using intrathecal delivery of analgesics in a population of patients with refractory pain due to vertebral fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 24 patients, refractory to conventional delivery of opioids, we used intrathecal analgesic therapy. To test for efficacy and improvement in QOL, we administered the visual analog scale for pain and the Questionnaire of the European Foundation of Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO). Before patients were selected for pump implantation, an intraspinal drug delivery trial was performed to monitor side effects and responses to intrathecal therapy. RESULTS: Significant pain relief was obtained in all implanted patients. Using the QUALEFFO, we observed significant improvement of all variables such as quality of daily life, domestic work, ambulation, and perception of health status, before and after 1 year after pump implantation. With intrathecal morphine infusion, none of the 24 patients required additional systemic analgesic medication. The mean morphine dose during the spinal trial was 11.28 mg/d, 7.92 mg/d at pump implantation, and 16.32 mg/d at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that intrathecal administration of morphine efficiently relieves the symptoms of pain and improves QOL. Continuous intrathecal administration of morphine appears to be an alternative therapy to conventional analgesic drug delivery and has advantages in those patients who have severe side effects with systemic administration of analgesics.     

磁共振表观扩散系数定量测量对脊柱良恶性压缩骨折的鉴别诊断

目的：探讨应用磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）在椎体良恶性压缩骨折中的鉴别诊断价值。方法：共51例脊柱椎体压缩性骨折行MRI平扫和扩散加权序列检查，其中47例行X线检查，42例行CT检查。良性组24例椎体，其中包括单纯外伤所致11例，骨质疏松13例，恶性组27例椎体，包括转移瘤21例，多发骨髓瘤1例，非何杰金淋巴瘤1例，结核4例。正常对照组51个椎体。b值为300s/mm2，分析良恶性病变椎体及正常椎体DWI信号特点，并测定ADC值，定量分析比较良恶性病变组与对照组之间ADC值有无统计学差异。结果：良性压缩性骨折与恶性压缩性骨折DWI信号经统计分析，P>0.05无统计学差异；良性组ADC值为（2.14±0.75）×10-3mm2/s，恶性组ADC值为（1.27±0.42）×10-3mm2/s，对照组ADC值为（0.68±0.21）×10-3mm2/s，病变组ADC值均明显高于对照组（P<0.05），良性组明显高于恶性组（P<0.05）。结论：磁共振ADC值定量测量对脊柱良恶性压缩骨折具有重要的鉴别诊断价值；DWI信号变化不能准确的鉴别脊柱良恶性压缩骨折。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折(OVCFs)的效果,了解并发症的原因的影响因素,并行针对性预防。方法回顾性分析2008年8月至2012年12月期间收治的经PKP治疗OVCFs患者315例的临床病历资料,并对每个患者行术后随访1年。分别统计手术时间、术中透视时间、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏、住院天数及住院费用;记录术后椎体复位情况、术前术后疼痛程度(VAS评分)、ODI指数、病变椎体前缘、中部高度变化及后凸畸形Cobb角情况来评估PKP治疗的疗效,分析并发症发生的原因。结果经PKP治疗后315例患者中294例患者腰痛症状缓解,治疗有效率93.3%。术后1天VAS评分(2.0±0.8)分,VAS评分缓解率74.8%、Oswestry功能障碍指数(22.3±4.2)分、前缘高度比值(14.3±6.7)%、中部高度比值(12.8±5.6)%、Cobb角(11.6±4.8)°均比术前明显改善。PKP治疗骨折患者中,21例发生并发症,骨水泥渗漏13例,均无严重神经损伤症状,7例椎旁软组织渗漏,1例椎间孔外渗漏,3例椎间盘渗漏。结论 PKP治疗OVCFs缓解疼痛效果较好,术前、术中、术后采取相应的防范措施,以预防或减少并发症的发生。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折

目的:探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折的临床效果.方法:采用经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折59例(76个椎体).进行临床和影像学观察评价.结果:住院时间3～12 d,平均9 d;随访2～18个月,平均6.5个月;术后腰背疼痛均明显缓解或消失,生活质量明显提高;采用VAS评分法测定:术前25～95分,平均65分,术后0～45分,平均26分.随访期内检查显示椎体高度无进一步丢失.结论:经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折创伤小,操作简单.能够迅速缓解疼痛,提高生活质量.     

Using MRI to determine painful vertebrae to be treated by kyphoplasty in multiple-level vertebral compression fractures: a prospective study

A prospective study in 35 osteoporotic patients with 120 multiple-level vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) assessed the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine painful vertebrae for treatment with kyphoplasty (KP). A total of 51 vertebrae were identified as painful and selected for KP based on changes in MRI signal intensity between T1-weighted, T2-weighted and short tau inversion recovery MRI. Efficacy was assessed by the mean change in anterior/middle vertebral body height, Cobb's angle, a visual analogue pain scale and the Oswestry Disability Index at pre-operative, post-operative and final follow-up assessments. Significant improvements in all efficacy measures were observed at the postoperative versus pre-operative assessments; no significant differences were observed between post-operative and final follow-up assessments. It is concluded that painful vertebrae can be determined by MRI signal intensity changes and their selection for KP can improve outcomes in patients with multiple-level VCFs.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在肾盂积水及结核性脓肾鉴别中的应用

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像技术在结核性脓肾与肾积水鉴别诊断中的价值.方法回顾性分析了经手术病理证实的7例结核性脓肾及10例肾积水病人的磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)的图像特点.结果首先利用扩散加权图像拟合出表观扩散系数(ADC)图,随后对肾脏集合系统进行ADC的测量.在扩散图中肾盂积水病人肾盂内信号的强度低于结核性脓肾,而结核性脓肾肾盂内所测的ADC低于肾盂积水.结论磁共振扩散加权成像是一种可信度较高且无创的结核性脓肾与肾积水的鉴别诊断方法.     

Time of survival and quality of life of the patients operatively treated due to pathological fractures due to bone metastases

Background. Aims of the study: 1) evaluation of the quality of life of the patients after surgical treatment of bone metastases, 2) evaluation of survival rate of the patients after surgical treatment of bone metastases,
3) presentation of the authors' clinical score system for evaluation of the treatment results of bone metastases, 4) analysis of general complications rate after surgical treatment of bone metastases.
Material and methods. Retrospective evaluation of 62 patients with bone metastases treated operatively in our Ward during last 13 years was made. Mean age of patients was 63,6 years. There were 41 women (mean age; 62,8 years) and 21 men (mean age: 64,3). In 49 cases (79%) we were able to diagnose primary localization of the tumour: breast carcinoma - 22, ovary cancer - 6, lung cancer - 5, prostate cancer - 5, kidney cancer - 6, gastric cancer - 1, vaginal cancer - 1, hepatocellular cancer - 1, melanoma - 1 and plasmocytoma - 1. We could not reveal primary focus of the tumour in 13 cases (21%). Localizations of bone metastases are as follow: femur - 49 cases, humerus - 10, tibia - 3. After being accepted to operavite treatment, the patients had been cured as quickly as possible - sometimes during emergency service. In 2 cases with metastases in the tibia there were amputations made in femur regions. In remainq patients we made local excisions of metastatic tumours with internal osteosynthesis and bone cement application in 47 cases, with internal osteosynthesis only in 7 cases, with hip arthroplasty in 8 cases.
Results. We have poor results in 4,8%, because of the death of 3 patients. Mean time of follow-up since surgical procedure was 6 months. In 82,3% we have very good or good results - no pain, good function and independence in daily activities. Mean survival time is 17,5 months (range: 5-36 months).
Conclusions. Efficacy of the surgical procedures of pathological fracures due to bone metastases in reliving the pain, improvement of patients' mobility and activiteis of day living are very good. Mean time of survival after surgical treatment of pathological fracture due to bone metastases in study group justifies its applications in spite of higher rate of general complications.