孕早期超声检测胎儿颈项透明层增厚的临床价值

目的探讨孕早期超声检测胎儿颈项透明层(NT)厚度的临床价值并分析妊娠结局,为产前咨询和临床处理提供一定的依据。方法选取2015年3月至2018年2月在我院产前门诊进行孕早期产检的280例NT测量厚度≥2.5 mm的孕妇为研究对象,观察不同NT厚度胎儿畸形检出情况及妊娠结局;分析NT增厚孕妇年龄与染色体异常、结构畸形检出率的关系;探讨NT增厚与TORCH宫内感染的关系。结果随着NT增厚,胎儿染色体异常、结构异常及四肢畸形检出率呈上升趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随着NT增厚,胎儿不良妊娠结局发生率随之增加(P<0.05)。NT增厚孕妇随着年龄的增长,染色体异常、结构畸形检出率逐渐升高(P<0.05)。伴TORCH宫内感染孕妇NT值显著高于未感染者(P<0.05)。结论孕早期进行胎儿NT厚度检测,能较为准确的反应胎儿畸形情况,可作为基层医院早期胎儿畸形的筛查指标。临床工作中需根据孕妇情况及NT不同厚度给予个性化咨询及指导。     

胎儿颈项透明层厚度与孕妇羊水细胞染色体核型的相关性分析

目的 探讨孕早期中期胎儿颈项透明层厚度(NT)与羊水染色体核型的关系分析。方法：对我院2016年9月至2020年6月孕11~13⁺⁶周的孕妇检查给予超生胎儿颈项透明层厚度检查,其中398例NT增厚的孕妇进行羊水穿刺染色体核型分析,398例NT增厚的胎儿检出染色体异常核型20例,异常率为5.03%。其中3.5mm≤NT≤4.5mm共240例,检查异常染色体5例,检出率为2.08%;4.5mm≤NT≤5.5mm共97例,检查异常染色体7例,检出率为7.22%;5.5mm≤NT≤6.5mm共51例,检查异常染色体7例,检出率为13.73%; NT≥6.5mm共10例,检查异常染色体1例,检出率为10%。结论 胎儿NT增厚是孕中期筛查胎儿染色体异常的较为敏感的指标,胎儿NT值较高者,胎儿发生染色体异常的机率越高。     

孕早期超声测量胎儿颈项透明层厚度在产前诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨孕早期应用超声测量胎儿颈项透明层(NT)厚度在产前诊断中的应用价值。方法选取我院接受孕早期胎儿系统性产前超声筛查的单胎胎儿2850例,分别测量其头臀径、NT厚度、鼻骨及静脉导管血流频谱等,对孕早期NT增厚(≥2.5 mm)的孕妇于中晚期复查超声,分析NT厚度与异常妊娠的关系。结果孕早期超声检查发现NT厚度<2.5 mm胎儿染色体异常、结构畸形、水囊状淋巴管瘤及胚胎停止发育等异常妊娠的发生率为0.89%,较NT厚度≥2.5 mm胎儿异常妊娠发生率(77.20%)低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);44例NT厚度≥2.5 mm胎儿检出染色体核型异常13例,正常21例;NT厚度的增加与异常妊娠的发生率呈正相关(r=0.734,P<0.05)。结论孕早期胎儿NT增厚与胎儿染色体异常及结构畸形等异常妊娠的发生具有相关性,可作为胎儿产前超声筛查的常规项目。     

孕15~20＋6周产前超声筛查联合孕妇血清学筛查提高胎儿染色体异常检出率的临床研究

目的：评价产前超声筛查联合孕妇血清学筛查对提高胎儿染色体异常检出率的临床价值。方法选择于孕15~20＋6周已行孕妇血清学筛查且结果提示有21-三体和（或）18-三体临界风险的628例胎儿行超声筛查,采用经腹部超声对胎儿鼻骨（NB）和颈部皮肤皱褶（NF,中孕期超声软指标）进行检测,观察有无鼻骨发育不良、有无颈部皮肤皱褶增厚（＞6 mm为增厚）及有无其他超声软指标异常,对鼻骨发育不良及颈部皱褶增厚者进行羊水穿刺染色体核型分析。结果产前超声筛查的628例胎儿中发现鼻骨皱发育不良6例（0.96%,6/628）,其中1例合并颈部皮肤皱褶增厚,2例合并肠道回声增强,1例合并脉络膜囊肿,1例合并左心室内高回声;6例胎儿均行羊水穿刺染色体核型分析,2例为21-三体（33.3%,2/6）,余4例染色体未见明显异常。结论产前超声筛查联合孕妇血清学筛查可提高染色体临界风险胎儿染色体异常的检出率。     

颈后透明层增厚结合静脉导管、三尖瓣血流在胎儿先心病早孕期筛查中的应用研究

目的：探讨颈后透明层增厚结合静脉导管、三尖瓣血流在胎儿先心病早孕期筛查中的应用价值。方法：选取2021年4月—2022年1月期间于茂名市妇幼保健院行产检的360例孕早期（11～13+6周）孕妇为研究对象,应用彩色多普勒超声进行常规筛查,在孕妇知情同意情况下,从中获取胎儿颈后透明层厚度（nuchal translucency,NT）增厚病例,分为NT增厚组（n=30）和NT正常组（n=330）,统计不同NT厚度胎儿先天性疾病的发生率。对其进行静脉导管血流频谱,三尖瓣彩色多普勒频谱检测,获取先心病胎儿与正常胎儿的测量值并收集胎儿分娩时孕周、出生体重、胎盘重量、Apgar评分及脐动脉pH值等数据。结果：NT增厚组胎儿先天性疾病发生率为33.33%,高于NT正常组的1.21%,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。先心病组胎儿静脉导管血流频谱异常率（异常是指静脉导管A峰倒置或消失）及和三尖瓣彩色多普勒频谱异常率（异常是指三尖瓣出现反流）均显著高于正常胎儿组（P <0.05）。先心病组胎儿分娩时周数、出生体重、脐动脉pH值、胎盘重量及Apgar评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P &...     

超声检测早孕期颈项透明层增厚的临床价值

目的应用超声检测胎儿颈项透明层(NT)厚度,探讨其增厚与胎儿异常妊娠的关系。方法选取我院早孕期筛查的584例NT增厚的单胎胎儿病例,按照不同NT值分为3.0~3.9 mm组(313例)、4.0~4.9 mm组(169例)及≥5.0 mm组(102例),比较各组胎儿结构异常、染色体异常检出率及不良预后情况,分析NT增厚与异常妊娠的关系。结果超声检查发现584例NT增厚者,其中单纯NT增厚者330例(56.51%),合并其他结构异常者254例(43.49%)。419例胎儿行染色体核型分析,结果显示核型正常364例,核型异常55例。正常分娩存活283例,自然流产或胚胎宫内停止生长15例,引产282例,失访4例。胎儿结构异常、染色体异常、不良妊娠结局均随NT增厚而升高,各组NT增厚胎儿结构异常检出率、不良妊娠结局比较差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=3.464、37.312,P=0.019、<0.01);染色体异常检出率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.523,P=0.178)。结论胎儿NT厚度与胎儿异常妊娠密切相关,且胎儿异常妊娠检出率随NT增厚明显升高,早孕期超声监测NT厚度可以较早发现胎儿严重结构畸形,有效筛查染色体核型异常的高危胎儿,为临床评价胎儿的预后提供了重要的参考价值。     

超声检查中孕期胎儿颈后部皮肤皱褶增厚对筛查21-三体综合征的临床意义

目的 探讨中孕期超声检查发现胎儿颈后部皮肤皱褶(NF)增厚对筛查21-三体综合征的临床意义。方法 对有产前诊断指征的孕妇行羊膜腔穿刺术或胎儿脐带血穿刺术,并进行染色体核型分析,计算超声对NF增厚胎儿21-三体综合征的检出率,分析胎儿NF增厚与21-三体综合征的关系。结果 接受羊膜腔穿刺术的孕妇中,超声共发现NF增厚胎儿18胎,其中5胎检出21-三体综合征,检出率为27.78%,NF增厚对21-三体综合征的检出率明显高于其他超声异常对21-三体综合征的检出率(P＝0.015)。接受胎儿脐带血穿刺术的孕妇中,超声共发现NF增厚胎儿12胎,其中1胎检出21-三体综合征,检出率为8.33%。结论 胎儿NF增厚是中孕期筛查21-三体综合征的有效的超声软指标。     

孕早期胎儿颈项透明层增厚与胎儿预后的关系

目的：探讨孕早期胎儿颈项透明层(nuchal translucency,NT)增厚与胎儿预后的关系。方法：选取2019年2月至2020年2月在武汉大学中南医院行超声检查且显示NT增厚的100例孕妇为研究对象。将NT增厚的孕妇分为3组：3.0 mm～组、4.0 mm～组、5.0 mm～组。记录孕妇产前诊断结果及妊娠结局,并比较NT 3.0 mm～组、4.0 mm～组、5.0 mm～组胎儿染色体异常、结构异常、妊娠终止、健康存活发生率及染色体异常类型检出率,分析NT值与胎儿染色体异常、结构异常的相关性。结果：100例NT增厚的孕妇中,染色体异常检出率为31.00%(31/100),结构异常检出率为16.00%(16/100),妊娠终止率为50.00%(50/100),健康存活率为47.00%(47/100)。不同NT组胎儿染色体异常、结构异常发生率、妊娠终止率及健康存活率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。NT 5.0 mm～组胎儿Turner综合征检出率显著高于3.0 mm～组和4.0 mm～组(均P<0.05)。不同组胎儿13-三体综合征、18-三体综合征、21-三...     

早孕期NT增厚的临床价值探讨

【摘要】目的 探讨胎儿颈项透明层（NT）增厚与胎儿异常妊娠的关系,评估其在胎儿预后中的价值。方法 回顾性分析2014年7月至2016年7月早孕期我院筛查的584例NT增厚的单胎胎儿病例,按照不同NT值分为3.0-3.9mm、4.0-4.9 mm 及≥5.0 mm 3组,计算每组胎儿结构异常、染色体异常、不良预后的发生率,分析NT增厚与异常妊娠的关系。结果 （1）超声检查发现胎儿NT增厚发生率1.85%,其中单纯NT增厚者56.51%,合并其他结构异常者占43.49%。（2）419例胎儿行染色体核型分析,结果显示核型正常364例,核型异常55例。（3）正常分娩存活283例,自然流产或胚胎宫内停止生长15例,引产282例,失访4例。（4）结果显示：NT增厚时胎儿结构异常、不良预后发生率与胎儿NT不同厚度之间存在明显差异,差异具有统计学意义（x2值分别为3.464、37.312,P值分别为0.019、0.000）。而染色体异常发生率与胎儿NT不同厚度之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。结论 胎儿NT增厚与胎儿异常妊娠密切相关,且胎儿异常妊娠发生率随NT增厚明显升高,因此NT增厚是有效的产前筛查指标。     

孕早期胎儿颈部透明层增厚的产前诊断分析

探讨孕早期超声检测胎儿颈部透明层厚度（NT）在产前诊断中的应用。选择产检孕妇3012例,均于孕11-13＋6w进行胎儿NT标准化测量。对NT增厚（〉3.0mm）胎儿的妊娠结局及染色体核型进行分析。3012例孕妇中,NT〉3.0mm者42例,阳性检出率为1.39%。行染色体检查者40例,其中染色体正常者14例,孕妇年龄均〈35岁;染色体异常者26例,孕妇年龄〉35岁10例,≤35岁16例。NT增厚同时合并其他结构异常者25例,胎儿停止发育6例,水囊瘤2例,全身水肿3例,足月分娩6例。 NT标准化测量有助于产前诊断染色体疾病及其他胎儿畸形,对评估胎儿预后意义重大。     

Impact of nuchal cord on measurement of fetal nuchal translucency thickness.

OBJECTIVE: To define the impact of nuchal cord on the measurement of fetal nuchal translucency thickness (NT). METHODS: Between December 2004 and June 2006, we examined prospectively 53 fetuses that were observed on routine first-trimester ultrasound examination between 11 + 3 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation to have nuchal cord causing an indentation in the skin in the nuchal region. The fetuses were re-examined after a median interval of 132 min, when the cord was no longer around the neck and indentation of the skin had resolved. Various NT measurements (highest, lowest, mean) with the cord located around the neck (nuchal cord) were compared with NT measurements in the absence of nuchal cord ('true' NT) in the same fetuses. Measurements were considered to be equal when they were within mean +/- 1.96 SD, defined by our own intraobserver repeatability according to the method of Bland and Altman. RESULTS: The mean of the largest and the smallest of six measurements in the presence of nuchal cord fell within the mean +/- 1.96 SD of our own intraobserver repeatability, i.e. gave a correct estimate of the true NT, in 80% of fetuses, while the NT was overestimated in 10% and underestimated in 10% of fetuses. The largest and the smallest of six measurements in the presence of nuchal cord gave an underestimate of the true NT in 2% of fetuses and an overestimate in 4% of fetuses, respectively. CONCLUSION: There is a wide scattering of measurements in fetuses with nuchal cord in comparison to the same fetuses in the absence of nuchal cord. This prevents accurate prediction of the true NT, although the largest and smallest of repeat measurements with nuchal cord can allow calculation of the highest and lowest possible risks, respectively. These facts must be taken into consideration in counseling patients.     

胎儿脐带绕颈动态监测

目的 观察脐带绕颈在孕期中的自然变化。方法 收集整个孕期均于我院完成规定的超声检查并分娩的孕妇,最终纳入8016胎,根据超声诊断脐带绕颈情况分为脐带绕颈组与无绕颈组。评估脐带绕颈的发生与脐带长度、羊水量及胎儿预后的相关性。结果 超声检出脐带绕颈5091胎(5091/8016,63.51%);其中脐带绕颈自然复位2680胎(2680/5091,52.64%)。晚孕期持续脐带绕颈者分娩后绕颈变化率最低(329/1294,25.43%)。脐带绕颈组脐带长度为(53.98±7.70)cm,无脐带绕颈组(51.34±6.20)cm,二者差异有统计学意义(t=15.32,P<0.001)。与羊水量正常、羊水量少相比,羊水量多时,脐带绕颈发生率最高(136/187,72.73%,P<0.05),脐带绕颈与脐带长度、羊水量均呈正相关(P<0.05)。剖宫产及经阴道分娩者中,是否发生脐带绕颈胎儿出生后的Apgar评分差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。脐带绕颈组剖宫产率高于无绕颈组(χ²=10.23,P<0.05)。结论 脐带绕颈多集中发生于中晚孕期,与脐带长度、羊水量具有一定的相关性。     

On-to-on versus on-to-out nuchal translucency measurements.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze variables affecting the differences between on-to-on and on-to-out methods of nuchal translucency measurement. DESIGN: Prospective comparison of two methods of caliper placement. SUBJECTS: A total of 245 women undergoing transabdominal and 37 women undergoing transvaginal nuchal translucency scanning. METHODS: Nuchal translucency was measured using both on-to-on and on-to-out methods of caliper placement on the same frozen images. Differences between the methods were evaluated according to fetal size, nuchal thickness and mode of examination. Regression analysis was performed for the calculation of the expected difference between the methods at various combinations. Results among 1254 singleton pregnancies were used to set 50th, 95th and 97.5th centiles for the on-to-on method. The calculated differences were used to set 50th, 95th and 97.5th centiles for the on-to-out method. RESULTS: The mean difference between on-to-out and on-to-on nuchal translucency, using transabdominal scanning, was 0.95 +/- 0.14 mm. The differences were shown to correlate directly with fetal size and with nuchal thickness. In addition, scans performed transvaginally exhibited a smaller difference between the methods (0.90 mm vs. 0.94 mm; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The difference between on-to-on and on-to-out nuchal translucency measurements may have a considerable effect on the calculated risk for aneuploidy.     

胎儿颈部囊性淋巴瘤的超声诊断

目的探讨超声在诊断胎儿颈部囊性淋巴瘤(NCH)的作用。方法回顾性分析我院18例NCH超声诊断的特点,超声介入性穿刺检查胎儿染色体或基因情况及胎儿病理。结果NCH超声诊断率为72.2%,颈部透明层厚度(NT)筛查阳性率为1.6%。产前NCH超声图像特点:NT厚度为2.5～4.0mm,颈周及肩背部见囊性无回声区最小为0.85cm×0.58cm×0.5cm,最大为12.6cm×6.6cm×4.0cm,包膜完整。并发胸腔积液7例,胸腹腔积液及皮下积液5例,双手外翻畸形1例。8例活胎超声介入性穿刺检查胎儿染色体,6例异常。胎儿病理:18例为胎儿颈部囊状淋巴瘤,7例合并多发畸形。17例治疗性引产,另1例剖宫产分娩活女婴。结论NCH典型的超声图像可筛查和诊断NCH,并在超声介导下检查胎儿染色体或基因情况,评估胎儿预后,指导临床处置。NCH与Turner综合征和三体型相关,常伴发多种畸形。     

Feasibility of nuchal translucency in triplet pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of nuchal translucency in triplets compared with singletons. METHODS: Nuchal translucency thickness as part of routine first-trimester screening in the general population was compared between 3128 singleton pregnancies and 51 triplets (153 fetuses). Crown-rump length was also noted. The 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles were determined and compared between the 2 groups, and regression curves of nuchal translucency measurements plotted against crown-rump length were drawn. RESULTS: The mean nuchal translucency thickness was 1.23 mm for singletons and triplets. The 5th and 95th percentiles were also the same between the 2 studied groups. The regression curves of 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of nuchal translucency plotted against crown-rump length of triplets and singletons overlapped. CONCLUSIONS: Nuchal translucency values and distribution are the same in triplets and singletons, validating the utility of the cutoff values.     

超声探测颈部透明带检出胎儿染色体异常

目的：评价超声探测颈部透明带或颈部水肿在检出胎儿染色体异常方面的作用。方法：于孕10－14周测量胎儿颈部透明带厚度，或孕14周后测量胎儿颈部皮肤厚度，并随诊观察，结果：通过超声探测共检出12例非整倍体型染色体异常的胎儿，5例正常染色体但随诊发现严重并发症的胎儿，与颈部透明带增厚但染色体及颈后正常的胎儿相比，上述异常胎儿在孕10－14周时的颈部透明带显著增厚（平均厚度6．1mm对3．6mm)，且大多数进展为妊娠中期时的颈部水肿，并合并其他超声异常。结论：超声测量颈部透明带厚度能早期有效地检出染色体异常及合并其他严重并发症的胎儿，且超声随诊观察颈部透明带厚度的变化对于鉴别诊断及评价预后有很大帮助。