山西省长治市农村实施结核病控制策略效果评估

目的 为了尽快降低农村结核病疫情,我们在长治市5个县实施了“加强与促进结核病控制”策略。方法 突出政府干预行为;健全以县为中心、乡(村)为基础的结核病管理网络;应用现代结核病控制技术对病人实行Directly obserued treatment ,short-course(DOTS)为主的管理模式。结果 从1994年9月～1999年8月,新发现涂阳肺结核病人726例,涂阳发现率为68．47／10万(初治542人,占74．7％;复治184人,占25．3％。经过2个月强化治疗,痰菌总阴转率97．6％。其中,初治病人99．8％,复治病人92．2％,5年队列分析表明,总治愈率98．5％,结核病死亡率0．18／10万,迁出1例,其他6例,各占0．3％和0．9％。结论 实施现代结核病控制策略,不仅有效地提高了排菌病人的发现率和治愈率,从根本上阻止了结核菌的传播,而且病死率也明显降低(降低93．2％),挽救了一大批结核病患的生命,极大地减轻了农民精神和经济负担,对加快我国农村结核病控制工作的进程将产生巨大作用。     

Women physicians in medical academia. A national statistical survey.

We determined the representation of women physicians on US medical school faculties by enumeration from school catalogues according to professorial rank, title series, and department affilitation. We also compiled similar data for top-level administrative posts, using periodic chronological comparisons from 1955 through 1977 and 1978. Despite a burgeoning population of women medical students, we found a pattern of underuse of women physicians characterized by limited upward mobility on the faculty (professor: median, 3.0%; range, 0% to 18.2%; assistant professor; median, 7.3%; range, 0% to 28.7%). There were no women in chief executive positions.