多层CT与经食管心动超声诊断卵圆孔未闭的比较

目的 通过与经食管心动超声（TEE）的比较，评价64层CT在诊断卵圆孔未闭（PFO）中的临床可行性和准确性。方法 此回顾性研究获审查委员会批准。对152例连续的脑卒中病人（男性98例，女性54例；平均年龄61．7岁）进行研究，均行多层CT和TEE检查。64层CT检查采用心电门控和盐水冲刷对比剂技术。     

超声心动图结合右心声学造影在卵圆孔未闭中应用价值

目的探讨超声心动图(UCG)结合右心声学造影(c TTE)在卵圆孔未闭(PFO)中的应用价值,为临床诊断和治疗提供早期参考依据。方法选取沈阳军区总医院自2015年1月至2015年12月住院治疗的怀疑存在PFO的患者51例,行经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查明确是否存在房水平分流,存在者测量分流的大小;对于TTE显示房水平分流不明显的患者行经食管超声心动图(TEE)检查,观察房间隔卵圆孔的形态以及是否存在房水平分流,存在者测量分流的大小;对于存在房水平分流的患者行c TTE检查,观察左心内显示微气泡的数量及出现微气泡的时间,根据分流量分成0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。结果 TTE检出存在房水平分流27例,TEE检出存在房水平分流11例,无分流13例;c TTE检测存在房水平分流38例中,分流量0级3例、Ⅰ级5例、Ⅱ级21例、Ⅲ级9例。TTE、TEE测量的PFO直径与c TTE检测PFO分流等级间存在明显的相关性(r=0.876,P<0.05)。结论 UCG结合c TTE的应用,可以明确PFO的大小、分流量以及微气泡出现的时间,为临床的诊断和治疗提供参考依据。     

实时三维经食管超声心动图在卵圆孔未闭封堵术中的独特优势

目的 探讨实时三维经食管超声心动图(real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography,RT3DTEE)在经导管卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale,PFO)封堵术中的应用价值。方法 选取应用RT3D-TEE检查的104例PFO的解剖形态及周围结构,对比2D-TEE测量PFO大小和2D-TEE切面下封堵过程中、封堵器释放后导管及封堵器伪像发生率,分析RT3D-TEE在PFO封堵中的独特优势。结果 RT3D-TEE测量PFO最大宽度较常规2D-TEE较大,差异有统计学意义,P <0.05; 104例患者中22例(21.2%)在2D-TEE切面左心房内有导管伪像出现,24例(23.4%)封堵器在房间隔同侧出现伪像; RT3D-TE引导下97例(93.3%)封堵成功,6例失败改经胸小切口封堵,1例塑形不佳。结论RT3D-TEE较2D-TEE有其独特的优势,在经导管PFO封堵治疗中有不可替代的作用。     

经食管超声心动图联合右心声学造影在房间隔卵圆孔未闭中应用价值研究

目的 探讨经食管超声心动图(TEE)联合右心声学造影(cTTE)在观察房间隔卵圆孔未闭(PFO)中的临床应用价值.方法 选取北部战区总医院自2016年1月至2018年12月收治的PFO伴偏头痛、并行介入治疗的138例患者为研究对象.根据PFO解剖分型,将患者分成简单型PFO组(n=49)和复杂型PFO组(n=89).比...     

经颅多普勒超声发泡试验在筛查偏头痛合并卵圆孔未闭患者中临床应用价值

目的探讨经颅多普勒超声发泡试验(c-TCD)在偏头痛患者中筛查卵圆孔未闭(PFO)的可行性,旨在为筛查PFO、偏头痛诊疗等提供参考。方法选择2014年1月至2015年12月收治的偏头痛患者110例为研究对象。本组患者均行c-TCD、经胸超声心动图(TTE)、头颅CT或MRI检查,TTE检查阴性者再行经食管超声心动图(TEE)检查,对检出的PFO患者行介入封堵治疗。评价c-TCD诊断PFO的灵敏度及特异度,比较先兆偏头痛(MA)、非先兆偏头痛(MO)患者PFO的检出情况。对行封堵治疗的患者,术后随访3个月,观察患者偏头痛有无缓解或疼痛情况,并行c-TCD、TTE及头部CT等检查。结果 110例偏头痛患者中检出PFO患者43例,检出率为39.1%,c-TCD诊断PFO的特异度为100.0%、灵敏度为95.4%。MA、MO患者中,PFO检出率为47.0%、27.3%(χ~2=4.30,P<0.05)。27例(MA 18例,MO 9例)患者接受了介入封堵治疗,均一次性封堵成功,术后无并发症,术后随访3个月,19例偏头痛症状消失,8例缓解,头部CT未见新发梗死病灶。结论 c-TCD在筛查偏头痛合并PFO患者中具有较高的临床价值,c-TCD诊断PFO具有较高的灵敏度及特异度,且具有无创、方便、安全等优点,患者易于接受。对于合并PFO的偏头痛患者,封堵治疗具有较好的临床效果,能够消除或缓解偏头痛症状。     

冠脉CT血管成像在卵圆孔未闭中的诊断价值

目的:探讨冠状动脉CT血管成像(CTA)对卵圆孔未闭(PFO)的诊断价值,分析冠脉CTA观察复杂型PFO的能力.方法:纳入冠脉CTA检查提示存在房间隔通道患者229例,其中34例两周内同时行经食管超声心动图(TEE)检查.对患者冠状动脉CTA进行以下方面评估:分流的存在及程度,通道长度及直径,房间隔膨出瘤(ASA)、左...     

卵圆孔未闭的64层MDCT影像

目的 研究64层CT血管成像对于显示卵圆孔未闭的房间隔解剖细节,并且观察左向右分流情况的可行性,同时与经食管超声心动图检查病人的结果进行对照。材料和方法 该研究得到HIPPA机构审查委员会许可,264例病人行心电门控冠状动脉cT成像（男性159例,女性105例;平均年龄60岁）以评价卵圆孔未闭的形态学特征。     

双源CT与经胸超声心动图诊断卵圆孔未闭的对比分析

目的 对比分析双源CT(DSCT)冠状动脉成像与经胸超声心动图(TTE)诊断卵圆孔未闭(PFO)的价值.方法 选择在24 h内同时行DSCT冠状动脉成像和TTE检查的患者476例,获取2种检查诊断PFO的例数以及相关参数并进行分析.结果476例中DSCT冠状动脉成像发现PFO 101例(21.2%),其中同时发现存在通道及心房水平左向右分流(LRS)68例(67.3%),仅发现通道而未发现明显LRS 33例(32.7%),同时合并房间隔膨出瘤(ASA)5例;TTE检查发现PFO 71例(14.94%),同时合并ASA 5例,TTE结合彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)对PFO的诊断率低于DSCT冠状动脉成像(P<0.05);DSCT组及TTE组测量的PFO通道开口横径分别为(2.55±1.62)mm,(2.71±1.41)mm,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 DSCT冠状动脉成像对静息状态下的PFO 诊断率以及对PFO 解剖结构的显示优于TTE.     

超声心动图在隐源性脑卒中合并卵圆孔未闭患者中的应用

目的 为了探讨超声心动图多技术对不明原因的缺血性脑中患者是否合并卵圆孔未闭的诊断.方法 选择98例不明原因缺血性脑卒中患者,经胸超声心动图、右心声学造影、食道超声心动图等联合技术诊断检查.结果 经胸超声心动图诊断卵圆孔未闭并探及左向右分流7例,经胸超声心动图右心声学造影发现右向左分流,诊断卵圆孔未闭69例,其中7例经食道超声心动图检查,明确卵圆孔未闭6例,1例未探及卵圆孔未闭.结论 超声心动图联合技术可提高缺血脑卒中患者合并卵圆孔未闭的检出率,量化分流程度,为介入封堵卵圆孔提供依据.     

心电门控16层螺旋CT肺血管造影在肺动脉栓塞中的临床应用价值

目的 对心电门控多层螺旋CT肺血管造影（ECG-MSCTPA）与传统多层螺旋CT肺血管造影（MSCTPA）进行对比研究,探讨ECG-MSCTPA在肺栓塞患者中的临床应用价值。资料与方法 18例临床怀疑肺栓塞患者分别行MSCTPA和ECG-MSCTPA检查,2名放射科医师对图像进行评估,包括肺栓塞的部位及心脏搏动伪影情况,进行统计学分析。结果 12例诊断有肺栓塞。ECG-MSCTPA可以显著消除心脏运动伪影（MSCTPA组42％,ECG—MSCTPA组15％,P〈0．05）。两种检查方法对肺栓塞的总体诊断效果经Kappa检验存在高度一致性（Kappa值=0．92,P〈0．05）。在对心缘旁肺动脉内栓子的诊断经X^2检验,差别有统计学意义（X^2=143．75,P〈0．05）。结论 ECG-MSCTA可显著消除心脏搏动伪影,对肺栓塞的总体诊断效果与传统的MSCTPA效果相当,但对发生在心缘旁肺动脉内的肺栓塞的诊断明显优于传统的MSCTPA。     

MSCT诊断卵圆孔未闭

目的:探讨心电门控MSCT心脏成像检测卵圆孔未闭的可行性。方法:对124例患者行MSCT心脏成像,根据房间隔隧道样外观和心房间左向右分流来诊断PFO。结果:在MSCT上共发现29例PFO(23.4%)。在22例同时行经胸超声(TTE)和CT的患者中,以TTE作为金标准,根据房间隔内通道和分流,CT诊断PFO的敏感性、特异性分别为66.6%和93.7%,阳性预测值为80.0%,阴性预测值为88.2%。结论:MSCT能可靠地检测PFO。     

卵圆孔未闭与高空减压病

目的 回顾近年国外有关心脏卵圆孔未闭（PFO）所致减压时静脉气泡右向左分流，在神经型减压病发病中作用的研究进展。资料来源与选择 国外本领域正式发表的研究论文，综述和会议摘要。资料引用，相互引用，独立引用。资料综合 简要概述了PFO的概念，发生情况，研究意义，重点介绍了国外关于PFO在促进神经型减压病发病中的支持和反对观点，并扼要提出了进一步进行此方面研究应注意的问题。结论 PFO是神经型减压病发生的易发因素之一，但其确切作用还有待进一步研究。此工作对预防高空减压病，认识减压气体栓塞在中枢神经系统损伤中的作用有重要意义。     

64层螺旋CT对卵圆孔未闭的检测

近年来国外文献报道卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale,PFO)的存在与反常栓塞、缺血性脑卒中、偏头痛、潜水减压病等的发生密切相关,与冠状动脉旁路移植术及各种心、肺手术后不明原因的卒中或猝死也有关系[1-2].本研究通过对186例患者进行心电门控64层CT心脏成像探讨CT检测PFO的可行性.     

Patent foramen ovale in patients with pulmonary embolism: A prognostic factor on CT pulmonary angiography?

BackgroundPatent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) represents a risk factor for mortality, but this has not been evaluated for CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA). The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between PFO and mortality in patients with acute PE diagnosed on CTPA.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study included 268 adults [173 women, mean age 61 (range 22–98) years] diagnosed with acute PE on non-ECG-gated 64-slice CTPA in 2012 at our medical center. The images were reviewed for PFO by a panel of cardiothoracic radiologists with an average of 11 years of experience (range 1–25 years). CT signs of right heart strain and PE level were noted. Transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE), when available (n = 207), were reviewed for PFO by a cardiologist with subspecialty training in advanced imaging and with 3 years of experience. The main outcome was 30-day mortality. Fischer's exact test was utilized to compare mortality.ResultsPFO prevalence on CTPA was 22% (58/268) and 4% (9/207) on TTE. Overall 30-day mortality was 6% (16/268), 9% (5/58) for patients with PFO and 5% (11/210) for those without (p = 0.35). CT signs of right heart strain trended with higher mortality, but statistically significant only for hepatic vein contrast reflux [14% (6/44) vs 4% (10/224), p = 0.03]; right ventricular (RV) to left ventricular (LV) diameter ratio >1 [8% (13/156) vs RV:LV ≤ 1 3% (3/112), p = 0.07], septal bowing [10% (4/42) vs without 5% (12/226), p = 0.30].ConclusionPFO was demonstrated on CTPA in a proportion similar to the known population prevalence, while routine TTE was less sensitive. Mortality was non-significantly higher in patients with acute PE and PFO in this moderate-sized study. A larger study to answer this clinically important question is worthwhile.     

Patent foramen ovale,paradoxical embolism and fatal coronary obstruction

A 75-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room with chest pain and vomiting. An electrocardiogram and laboratory results were suggestive for myocardial infarction of the posterior cardiac wall. Echocardiography was indicative of aortic dissection, and a CT scan of the thoracic arteries showed a massive pulmonary thromboembolism and thrombotic occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA). The woman died shortly after admission. Autopsy confirmed the presence of thromboemboli in the right pulmonary artery and its lobar branches. Also, the anterior aortic sinus was filled with a 9 cm long thromboembolus that extended into the RCA, making it dilated and completely occluded. Another 3.5 cm long thromboembolus extended from the beginning of the left subclavian artery. A patent foramen ovale (PFO) was present. On the posterior wall of the left ventricle, there was an area suggestive of myocardial infarction, and histopathological examination confirmed that it was 24–48 hours old. The coronary circulation was “co-dominant”. The sources of thrombotic masses were the deep veins of the lower limbs. The cause of death was myocardial infarction, caused by RCA occlusion with thromboembolus originating from the deep veins of the left lower leg after paradoxical embolism via PFO. This case illustrates that although deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, and PFO are not rare findings at autopsy, their combination could be a relatively rare cause of fatal coronary artery occlusion after paradoxical embolism.     

The foramen ovale. MR and CT correlation

Six patients with lesions involving the foramen ovale are presented and analyzed. Anatomy, pathology and imaging of diseases occurring in the vicinity of the foramen ovale are reviewed. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are complimentary in the evaluation of pathology in this region. CT is better able to evaluate bony detail while MR imaging is useful in detailing the anatomical extent and tissue characteristics.     

Urinary calculi: improved detection and characterization with thin-slice multidetector CT

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of reconstructed slice thickness on the detection and characterization of human urinary calculi on a multidetector helical CT scanner. Nineteen human urinary calculi of various chemical composition measuring 1.0–3.7 mm were embedded into agar in a chamber of a nylon body phantom. The phantom was imaged with a four detector-row CT scanner. The number of detected calculi increased as the reconstructed slice thickness decreased. Measured diameters and density of the visible calculi decreased as the slice thickness increased. The results of the present study support the use of thin reconstructed slices to detect and characterize urinary calculi.