单采浆还输血球献血员中的丙型肝炎病毒感染的调查报告

对６２１名单采浆ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性献血员及３５４名ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性非献血者和１２４名单采浆ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性献血员及１２４名ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性非献血者进行调查，结果－ＨＣＶ阳性率分别为８４．２２％（５２３／６２１）、０．８５％（３／３５４）、４１．９４％（５２／１２４）、１．６１％（２／１２４），肝炎现患率分别为３４．９４％（２１７／６２１）、１．９８％（７／３５４）、１８．５５％（２３／１２４）、４．８４％（６／１２４）。调查结果表明，ＨＣＶ的感染和丙型肝炎的流行主要发生在单采浆还输血球献血员中。提示在单采浆还输血球过程中应注意避免医源性交叉感染以及对所有献血员、输成分血和用于制备注射用制品的血浆检测抗－ＨＣＶ是非常必要的。在血浆制品的制备工艺中能否将ＨＣＶ全部灭活是一个十分值得重视的问题。     

肝癌高发区丙型肝炎与肝癌关系的流行病学研究

用病例－对照研究方法，探讨肝癌高发区广西隆安县丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）与原发性肝癌（ＰＬＣ）的关系。结果显示，丙肝病毒感染标志抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率在肝癌病例组显著于对照组，分别为１１．５％（１０／８７）和１．３％（１／８０）（Ｐ〈０．０１）。抗－ＨＣＶ阳性者的肝癌患者均检出ＨＢｓＡｇ和抗－ＨＢｃ阳性，占ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性肝癌病例的１３．７％（１０／７２）。抗－ＨＣＶ阳性的ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者发生肝癌的相对危险性     

HBsAg阳性单采浆献血员HCV感染随访研究

丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）是单股正链ＲＮＡ病毒,主要通过血液途径进行传播,是输血后肝炎的主要病原体［１］。近年来,各国对职业“健康”献血员,尤其是“健康”单采浆献血员ＨＣＶ感染情况进行了较多的研究,我国部分地区“健康”单采浆献血员ＨＣＶ感染率高达３０％［２］。但对ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性单采浆献血员ＨＣＶ感染详情尚不清楚,为了解ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性单采浆献血员ＨＣＶ感染程度及流行趋势,进而探讨ＨＣＶ的传播因素,我们于１９９４年８月至１９９６年８月,在广西某地进行了ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性单采浆职业献血员ＨＣＶ感染情况的两年随…     

广州市人群乙型肝炎病毒感染模式与丙型肝炎病毒感染情况调查

为了解广州市人群乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）与丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）双重感染情况，对１９９３年４月体检中检出的１９３例ＨＢＶ标志物阳性血清归类分析，发现有１４种１ＨＢＶ感染模式，其中以ＨＢｓＡｇ．ＨＢｅＡｂ．ＨＢｃＡｂ和ＨＢｓ．ＨＢｅＡｇ．ＨＢｃＡｂ为多，阳性模式构成分别为４３．０１％和３０．５７％，在ＨＢＶ感染者中ＨＣＶ感染的检出率为１１．３９％（２２／１９３）。不同ＨＢＶ感染模式组别的抗－ＨＣＢ阳性     

广西吸毒成瘾者丙型肝炎病毒的感染及其分子生物学研究

选择２８３名静脉吸毒者（ＩＶＤＡｓ）和１２１名献血员（ＢＤｓ）进行Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＣＶ、ＨＣＶ血清基因型、ＨＣＶ基因型和ＨＣＶｃＤＮＡ序列的检测。结果表明，ＩＶＤＡｓ和ＢＤｓ的Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＣＶ检出率分别为９１．１７％和０．８３％；ＩＶＤＡｓ的ＨＣＶ血清基因型为１型８１．８５％（２２１／２７０），２型１．４８％（４／２７０），ｌ＋２型０．３７％（１／２７０），不能定为１和／或２型１６．３０％（４４／２７０）；ＨＣＶ基因型为１ａ型：２８．６％（３４／１１９）；ｌｂ型：３８．７％（４６／１１９）；２ａ型１０．９％（１３／ｌ１９）；２ｂ型１４．３％（１７／ｌ１９）；３ａ型２６．９％（３２／１１９）；３ｂ型４０．３％（４８／１１９）；６ａ型８．４％（１０／１１９）；６ｂ型２６．７％（３１／１１９）；其中１４．３％的病例有４～５种不同基因亚型的混合感染现象。     

浙江省吸毒人员HIV,HBV,HCV感染的血清学研究

为了解浙江省吸毒人员ＨＩＶ、ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ感染情况,收集浙江省戒毒人员血浆１８２份,其中静脉吸毒者（ＩＶＤＵｓ）６４份,非静脉吸毒者（ＮＩＶＤＵｓ）１１８份。用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测抗ＨＩＶ,用ＥＩＡ法检测ＨＢＶ标志物和抗ＨＣＶ。结果发现,浙江省吸毒戒毒人员抗ＨＩＶ阳性率为０％,ＩＶＤＵｓ组ＨＢＶ总感染率为６７．１８％（４３／６４）,ＨＢｓＡｇ携带率为１０．９３％（７／６４）,ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性７．８１％（５／６４）,抗ＨＣＶ阳性２１．８８％（１４／６４）;ＮＩＶＤＵｓ组ＨＢＶ总感染率为７１．１９％（８４／１１８）,ＨＢｓＡｇ携带率为１５．２５％（１８／１１８）,ＨＢｅＡｇ携带率为１５．２５％（１８／１１８）,ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性５．９３％（７／１１８）,抗ＨＣＶ阳性０．８４％（１／１８）。ＨＢＶ标志物阳性率ＩＶＤＵｓ和ＮＩＶＤＵｓ间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,抗ＨＣＶ阳性率两组间有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结果提示,浙江省为ＨＩＶ感染低发区,为ＨＢＶ感染高流行区,静脉吸毒为ＨＣＶ感染的高危因素     

广西吸毒成瘾者的（HIV、HBV、HCV和HTLV－1）的血清学研究

选择２８３名静脉吸毒者（ＩＶＤＡｓ）和１２１名献血员（ＢＤＳ）进行Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＩＶ、ＨＢｓＡｇ、Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＢｓ、Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＢｃ、Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＣＶ和Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＴＬＶ－１的血清学检测。结果表明，２８３例ＩＶＤＡｓ的Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＩＶ、ＨＢ－ｓＡｇ、Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＢｓ、Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＢｃ、Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＣＶ和Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＴＬＶ－１的检出率分别为０％、２３．６７％、４４．１７％、９１．１７％、９７．１７％和０％；１２１例ＢＤｓ的上述６项指标分别为０％、１１．５７％、８８．４３％、６５．２９％、０．８３％和０％。     

HBsAg快速全血凝集诊断试剂盒的应用效果评价

用改进的化学交联技术将抗人红血球血型糖蛋白Ａ单克隆抗体（ＭＣＡＢ－ＧＰＡ）与ＨＢｓＡｇ单克隆抗体重组，制备出检测ＨＢｓＡｇ的双功能抗体。研制出快速全血凝集ＨＢｓＡｇ检测试剂盒（ＪＫＤ）。鉴定结果表明，该试剂盒可检测１～２．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ水平的ＨＢｓＡｇ。ＪＫＤ与ＥＩＡ和ＰＨＡ方法配对检测，符合率分别为９８．３％和９８．７％。对不同人群中ＨＢｓＡｇ检测表明，１６例ＥＩＡＨＢｓＡｇ阳性病人，ＪＫＤ１００％阳性，７９例肝炎病人阳性率为６４．６％（５１／７９），７３名献血员未检出阳性，一般人群阳性率为３．８％（２／５２）。上述结果表明，该试剂盒不仅简便、快速，而且有很好的敏感性和特异性     

河北省某农村人群乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染的调查

报告河北省某农村人群ＨＢＶ与ＨＣＶ感染的调查结果。该人群ＨＢＶ总感染率为５５．２％，以１０￣１９岁组最高，为６７．１％；抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为７．１％，以４０￣４９岁组最高，为２１．１％，１０岁以下和６０岁以上组无１例抗－ＨＣＶ阳性。ＨＢＶ感染具有明显家庭聚集性，ＨＣＶ感染无家庭聚集性。父母ＨＢｓＡｇ均阳性的子女，其ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率（３２．６％）明显高于父母均阴性者（１５．６％），但父母抗－ＨＣＶ阳性     

广州市人群乙型肝炎病毒感染模式与丙型肝炎病毒感染情况调查

为了解广州市人群乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）与丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）双重感染情况，对１９９３年４月体检中检出的１９３例ＨＢＶ标志物阳性血清归类分析，发现有１４种ＨＢＶ感染模式，其中以ＨＢｓＡｇ·ＨＢｅＡｂ·ＨＢｃＡｂ和ＨＢｓＡｇ·ＨＢｅＡｇ·ＨＢｃＡｂ为多见，阳性模式构成分别为４３．０１％和３０．５７％。在ＨＢＶ感染者中ＨＣＶ感染的检出率为１１．３９％（２２／１９３）．不同ＨＢＶ感染模式组别的抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率差异有统计学显著意义（ｐ＜０．００１）．     

Prevalence of hepatitis virus infections in Albanian refugees

A sample of 393 Albanian refugees, including both children and adults, was tested for serological HAV, HBV, HDV and HCV markers. A high prevalence of infection with both the hepatitis A and B viruses was found, while HDV and HCV infections were uncommon. The overall prevalence of anti-HAV was 96%; it was very high in children 0-10 years, suggesting that HAV infection is largely acquired during childhood and that poor ambiental conditions influence the spreading of this viral infection.One or more serological markers of HBV infection were found in 295 Albanians (75%), confirming the endemic nature of this virus in the Albanian community. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 19%, and the carrier rate was higher in males than in females. The high HBsAg prevalence among children suggests that HBV infection is usually acquired in early childhood.The serological data obtained in the Albanian sample examined clearly indicate the urgent need for measures to reduce the incidence of HAV and HBV infections and to avoid the further spread of HDV and HCV infections.Finally, the high prevalence of type B hepatitis indicates the necessity of vaccination against HBV for all risk groups and for all children at birth.     

Search for hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in hepatitis C patients in north-eastern Poland. Comparison with anti-HDV prevalence in chronic hepatitis B

Hepatitis C virus and hepatitis D virus have been shown to suppress HBsAg synthesis. Thus it is possible that HDV infection occurs despite the lack of detectable HBsAg. The aim of our study was to (a) determine the prevalence of HDV infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C (b) compare it with the prevalence of HDV infection in HBsAg positive patients with hepatitis B. The study group consisted of 51 chronic hepatitis C patients, 30 HIV infected drug addicts (27 of them were also positive for anti-HCV) and 102 hepatitis B patients. The participants were tested for anti-HDV, anti-HCV and HBsAg. All anti-HCV positive patients were negative for anti-HDV. Four individuals with anti-HDV belonged to hepatitis B group and constituted 3.9% of all HBsAg positive subjects. We conclude that (a) there is currently no evidence of HDV infection among HCV infected patients in our region (b) hepatitis delta infection is rare in north-eastern Poland.     

杭州地区妊娠晚期孕妇病毒性肝炎感染的调查研究

目的:调查杭州市2958例妊娠晚期孕妇乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)、戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)的感染状况。方法:对杭州市2958例妊娠晚期孕妇的血清乙型肝炎标志物、HCV抗体、HDV抗体、HEV抗体的检测结果进行统计分析。结果:2958例妊娠晚期孕妇中乙型肝炎总感染率40.16%,HCV抗体阳性率0.40%,HDV抗体阳性率0.20%,HEV抗体阳性率2.60%。结论:杭州地区妊娠晚期孕妇病毒性肝炎的感染以乙型肝炎位居第一、戊型肝炎次之,丙型肝炎及丁型肝炎感染率较低。应加强育龄女性易感人群乙肝疫苗的预防接种,开展和实施有效的预防措施来防止病毒性肝炎的感染,提高新生人口的素质。     

河南省人群丁型肝炎病毒感染的血清流行病学调查研究

为了了解河南省丁型肝炎病毒的人群感染情况，从１９９１－１９９３年对河南省十三个地区１１８２例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性的各型乙肝病人及无症状ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者血清标本进行ＨＤＡｇ、抗ＨＤＶ和ＩｇＭ－抗－ＨＤＶ三项标志检测。结果表明，河南省人群ＨＤＡｇ、抗－ＨＤＶ、ＩｇＭ－抗－ＨＤＶ的总感染率分别为３．０％、３．５％、３．５％、８．１％。     

丁型肝炎病毒感染的血清流行病学观察

1987年4月至1988年10月间,本文应用酶联吸附法(EIA)对石家庄地区Ml例乙型肝炎病毒感染者进行了抗-HD的检测,共发现35例阳性,阳性率12.92%,其中男性阳性率14.06%(27/102),女性为10.13%(8/79),男女间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),提示石家庄地区可能为丁型肝炎病毒感染的高发区.在这些人群中,慢性活动性肝炎、慢性迁延性肝炎和肝硬化的抗-HD阳性率明显高于HBsAg携带者,但三者相互间差异无统计学意义,表明合并或重香感染HDV对乙肝慢性化及肝硬化的形成具有重要的意义。本研究证明在乙型肝炎病毒感染人群中丁型肝炎病毐与年龄、性别、职业等因素关系不密切。     

Hepatitis virus and HIV infections in inmates of a state correctional facility in Mexico

We sought to determine the prevalence and associated characteristics of hepatitis A, B, C and D viruses and HIV infections in a prison in Durango, Mexico. Sera from 181 inmates were analysed for HAV antibody, hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV antibody, HDV antibody, HIV antibody and HCV genotypes. Prevalence of HAV antibody, HBcAb, HBsAg, HCV antibody, HDV antibody and HIV antibody were 99.4, 4.4, 0.0, 10.0, 0.0 and 0.6% respectively. HCV genotype 1a predominated in HCV-infected inmates (62.5%), followed by HCV genotype 1b (25%) and HCV genotype 3 (12.5%). An association between HBV infection and age > 30 years was found. HCV infection was associated with being born in Durango City, history of hepatitis, ear piercing, tattooing, drug abuse history, intravenous drug use and lack of condom use. We concluded that the prevalence of HAV, HBV, HDV and HIV infections in inmates in Durango, Mexico were comparable to those of the Mexican general population and blood donors, but lower than those reported in other prisons around the world. However, HCV infection in inmates was higher than that reported in Mexican blood donors but lower than those reported in other prisons of the world. These results have implications for the optimal planning of preventive and therapeutic measures.     

乌鲁木齐地区无偿献血者HCV感染及合并感染状况研究

目的 了解乌鲁木齐地区无偿献血者HCV感染及合并感染状况及流行病学特点,为减少HCV经血液传播,预防和控制HCV输血风险提供依据。 方法 收集2008年1月1日-2010年12月31日在乌鲁木齐血液中心献血者的一般资料及五项指标ALT、HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP血液检测结果。 结果 调查自愿无偿献血者共计140 665名,其中男性86 179名(61.27%),女性54 486名(38.73%),年龄范围18~55周岁。在所调查的140 665名无偿献血者中, 5 971名献血者血液检测不合格,不合格检出率为42.45‰,血液五项检测指标不合格率分别为HBsAg(4.55‰)、ALT(26.82‰)、抗-HCV(5.52‰)、抗-HIV(2.34‰)、抗-TP(4.09‰)。抗-HCV阳性率在性别、年度、学历、年龄分布上差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05)。HCV与ALT、HBV、HIV、TP的合并感染率分别为0.66‰、0.11‰、0.05‰、0.06‰。logistic回归分析显示献血者HCV感染影响因素有职业、性别及重复献血次数等。 结论 在今后献血工作中,要加大对男性、初次以及未婚无偿献血者的筛查力度,建立一支固定、重复的无偿献血者队伍,才能不断提高血液安全。     

山西有偿献血地区某村HBV、HCV、HIV感染现状分析

目的了解山西省农村有偿献血地区HBV、HCV、HIV感染状况及有偿献血对其分布的影响.方法对某村的946名20～65岁居民进行调查,采用ELISA法分别检测血清中HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、anti-HCV和HIV抗体.结果HIV抗体全为阴性,HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、anti-HCV的阳性率分别为5.3%、54.5%、2.5%、22.5%、1.7%;其中有偿献血人员108名,相应的阳性率分别为0.9%、63.9%、0.9%、18.5%、4.6%,从未有偿献血人员838名,相应的阳性率分别为5.8%、53.3%、2.7%、23.0%、1.3%.与未有偿献血的研究对象相比,曾经有偿献血的研究对象HBsAg、HBsAb和anti-HCV的阳性率差异有显著性.结论该村未发现HIV感染者,HBV、HCV感染与其他地区无明显不同,有偿献血人员HCV感染率较高.     

Infection by hepatitis B and C virus in non-intravenous drug using female prostitutes in Spain

We have studied the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) serologic markers in female blood donors and in female prostitutes and the relationship of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) with the presence of treponemal antibodies (FTA-ABS) in non-intravenous drug using female prostitutes. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in 1.0% of the female blood donors, anti-HBc in 15.6% and anti-HCV in 0.7%. In the prostitutes, the prevalence of HBsAg was 6.1%, anti-HBc was positive in 29.0% and anti-HCV in 8.8%. No significant statistical association between the prevalence of anti-HBc or anti-HCV and the age of prostitutes (p = 0.9111 and p = 0.8254 respectively) or the length of time as prostitutes (p = 0.3583 and p = 0.5770) was found. FTA-ABS positive prostitutes had a significantly higher prevalence of anti-HCV than FTA-ABS negative prostitutes (p < 0.001). No statistical association was found between anti-HBc antibodies and positive FTA-ABS prostitutes (p = 0.336).Corresponding author.