河北省1993年疟疾流行因素的调查分析

本文分析了河北省１９９３年疟疾流行因素及其流行特征。病例的８３．１３％为献血员，１０．６３％为受血者，另外６．２４％的病例既无献血史又无受血史。病例对照研究表明，单采血浆还输血细胞（简称单采浆）和受血是疟疾发病的危险因素，而与外出、献全血、医疗针刺和蚊虫因素无关。进一步调查５个自然村，发现单采浆献血员疟疾发病率为４．１４％，献全血和无献血史成人无一人发病。血站在单采浆过程中的血液交叉污染是引起本次     

单采血浆还输血细胞引起疟疾和丙型肝炎的流行病学研究

报告５个自然村的中青年人群中疟疾和丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染的流行病学调查结果。结果表明单采血浆还输血细胞献血者（简称单采桨献血者）疟疾发病率和ＨＣＶ感染率分别为４．１４％和８４．０６％。双重感染率为３．７２％，疟疾患者合并ＨＣＶ感染率为８９．７４％。单采浆献血者疟疾和ＨＣＶ感染率均显著高于非单采浆献血者。病例对照研究表明，单采浆是疟疾和ＨＣＶ感染的危险因素。调查证实：单采浆血站在采血、离心分浆和血细胞还输过程中的血液交叉污染，是造成疟疾发病和ＨＣＶ感染的原因。     

永清县血传疟疾的流行病学调查

报告永清县血传疟疾的流行病学调查结果。本次疟疾流行全年各月份均有发生，年龄分布主要集中在２０￣４９岁的青壮年，占总病例数的９４．５１％；男女发病率无显著性差异。近期内有单采浆还输血细胞献血史者（包括兼献全血者）发病率为２４．１４％，占总病例数的９７．８９％；献全血者和既无献血史又无受血史者无一人发病；输血后疟疾５例，占总病例数的２．１１％。调查证实，单采浆血站在采血离心分浆和还输血细胞过程中的血液     

单采血浆相关性疟疾干预措施的研究

单采血浆相关性疟疾干预措施的研究陈素良，赵勇，王敏，马洪生，沈瑛，朱会宾单采血浆还输血细胞（简称单采浆）过程中的血液交叉污染，可引起疟疾流行．单采浆献血员疟疾发病率高达４．１４％［１，２］。对比，我们对单采血浆相关性疟疾进行了干预措施的研究。现将结果...     

河北省1993年疟疾流行因素的病例对照研究

本文通过病例对照研究的方法，报告了河北省１９９３年疟疾流行的危险因素。结果表明，输血、献血和单采浆是发病的危险因素，其中单采浆是最危险的，而与外出、献全血和院内有牛棚无统计学联系。     

河北省1993年疟疾血清学调查报告

本文报告了８８例疟疾和１６７名非疟疾对照血清中疟疾间接荧光抗体（ＩＦＡ）的检测结果，疟疾病例ＩＦＡ阳性率为４７．７３％，非疟疾对照为５．９９％，有单采浆史疟疾为４４．９３％，有受血史疟疾为６９．２３％，既无单采浆史又无受血史疟疾为３３．３３％。疟疾病人抗体阳性率和几何平均倒数滴度（ＧＭＲＴ）与病后时间的长短、治疗的及时与否有关。在疟疾对照中，单采浆献血者ＩＦＡ阳性率为１５．６９％，极显著高于既无单采浆又无受血史人群（１．７２％）。证实了单采浆献血者是感染疟疾的危险人群。     

单采血浆还输血细胞供血者中疟疾感染的血清流行…

调查单采浆是否为疟疾感染的危险因素，方法：采用ＩＦＡＴ法检测疟疾与非疟疾对照血清。结果：疟疾患者ＩＦＡ阳性率为６２．０５％，抗体阳性者ＧＭＲＴ为４０．２７；非疟疾病人ＩＦＡ阳性率为５．３２％，抗体阳性者ＧＭＲＴ为２６．１１。无论疟疾还是非疟疾对照，男女抗体阳性率无统计学差异。     

单采血浆还输血细胞供血者中疟疾感染的血清流行病学研究

目的：调查单采浆是否为疟疾感染的危险因素。方法：采用IFAT法检测疟疾与非疟疾对照血清。结果：疟疾患者IFA阳性率为62．05％，抗体阳性者GMRT为40．27；非疟疾病人IFA阳性率为5．32％，抗体阳性者GMRT为26．11。无论疟疾还是非疟疾对照，男女抗体阳性率无统计学差异。不同年龄人群阳性率以18－49岁组为高。进一步分析，单采浆供血者疟疾！FA阳性率为64．08％，受血者及其他人群疟疾分别为52．63％和40．00％；非疟疾中的单采浆供血者为16．n％，未成年人、受血者和供全血者未发现抗体阳性者，其他成人阳性率仅为1．08％。结论：单采浆是疟疾感染的危险因素，同时证明该地蚊传疟疾已经中断。病后投药和血标本采集早迟，是影响疟疾IFA阳性率的因素。     

A、B、O、AB四种血型HCV感染情况调查

Ａ、Ｂ、Ｏ、ＡＢ四种血型ＨＣＶ感染情况调查轩勤生近年来，随着我国献血事业的不断发展，在全国许多地区相继建立了不同程度的血站或单采浆站。有报道丙肝流行主要发生在单采浆及输血球人员中。为探讨丙肝传播与流行规律，我们对不同血型献血员ＨＣＶ感染情况进行了调查...     

误诊输血感染疟疾三例报告

误诊输血感染疟疾三例报告尚乐园，颜秋叶，李爱民去年以来，由于单采浆过程中的交叉感染，使我省部分地区的献血员中发生不同程度的疟疾流行，根据重点调查，献血员的平均疟疾患病率和带虫率都在１０％以上。因此，在接受输血中不断发生输血疟疾病例，去年７月份在全省部...     

疟疾患者丙型肝炎病毒感染原因的血清学研究

本文报告了９７例疟疾患者丙型肝炎病毒感染的原因，发现疟疾患者丙型肝炎病毒抗体阳性率为７１．１３％，其中有单采血浆还输血细胞献血史者为８９．７１％，有受血史者为６４．２９％，而既无单采浆史又无受血史者无一例抗－ＨＣＶ阳性。有单采浆史的疾病例和同村有单采浆史的非疾病例之间的－ＨＣＶ阳性率无显著不同，且二者均显著高于同村既无单采浆史又无受血史的非疾人群，说明有单采浆史的疾病例ＨＣＶ感染与单采浆有关，有受     

河北省单采血浆供血者艾滋病病毒感染暴发的溯源

目的对单采血浆供血人群艾滋病病毒（humani mmunodeficiency virus,HIV）感染暴发进行溯源。方法 1995年3月,对单采血浆供血者采集血标本进行HIV筛查,对1990年1月～1995年2月单采血浆供血者和受血者血清标本库的标本进行回顾性检测。结果 1995年3月,永清、固安和霸州单采血浆供血者HIV感染率为2.48%。1990年1月至1995年2月血清库保存的单采血浆供血者和与其相关疾病的血清标本检测HIV抗体均为阴性。结论廊坊地区发生的单采血浆供血者HIV感染暴发流行可能始于1994年10月前后。     

三种献血员人群庚型肝炎病毒检测研究

为了解献血员中庚型肝炎病毒（HGV）感染状况，并探讨感染的危险因素。采用ELISA法和RT-PCR技术，对泰安市189名无偿献血员、404名职业献血员和169名单采血浆献血员进行了病毒抗体和病毒核酸的检测。结果显示三种献血人群抗-NGV阳性率分别为1．59％（3／189）、0．99％（4／404）和5．33％（9/169）；HCVRNA阳性率分别为0、0.25％（1／404）和2．37％（4／169）。结果表明单采血浆献血员和以前曾献血浆的职业献血员为今后HGV筛检的重要人群。     

献血(浆)人群丙型肝炎病毒感染的流行病学探讨

用ＥＬＩＳＡ法对不同献血人群２３４８人进行了抗－ＨＣＶ检测。结果提示，ＨＣＶ的感染并不会在献血浆人群中增加，也不会因献血（浆）年限的增加而增多。     

A case of congenital malaria in Malaysia with IgM malaria antibodies

Congenital malaria from Malaysia is reported here for the first time. It occurred in a baby boy born to a 16-year-old primigravida who contracted Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy. She suffered malaria during the later stages of pregnancy and at parturition. The placenta was heavily infested with various asexual stages of P. falciparum. Gametocytes were not seen. Extensive search did not show other species. Cord blood showed very light infection with young trophozoites of P. falciparum.Serological studies using IFA technique showed specific IgG and IgM antibodies to P. falciparum in maternal cord and two early neonatal sera. These serum samples showed lower levels of IgG antibodies against P. vivax and P. malariae, but there were no specific IgM antibodies against these species. The value of specific IgM antibody in the diagnosis of congenital malaria is discussed.     

Influence of placental malaria infection on foetal outcome in the Gambia: twenty years after Ian Mcgregor

Malaria infection in pregnancy has serious health consequences among mothers and offspring. The influence of placental malaria infection on foetal outcome was studied in a Gambian rural setting where few pregnant women take antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. During July-December 1997, three hundred thirteen mother-newborn pairs (singletons only) were consecutively recruited into a study of the effects of placental malaria infection on the outcome of pregnancy. Placental blood and tissue were collected at delivery. Babies were clinically assessed until discharge. The overall prevalence of placental malaria infection was 51.1% by placental histology and 37.1% by blood smear. The primigravid women were more susceptible to placental malaria than the multigravidae (65.3% vs 44.7%, p=0.01). Placental malaria was significantly associated with pre-term deliveryand intrauterine growth retardation (p<0.01), and there was a four-fold risk of delivering low-birth-weight babies if mothers had parasitized placentae [OR=4.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10-9.27]. A reduction of mean birth-weight of babies by 320 g was associated with placental malaria infection (p<0.001). Similarly, a two-fold risk of stillbirth delivery (OR=2.22, 95% CI 1.04-4.72) was observed among the infected mothers. The findings showed that there was still an overall poor foetal outcome associated with placental malaria infection. The findings of this study confirm the findings of an earlier study by McGregor in the Gambia that the low birth-weight rate is significantly higher if the placenta is parasitized. In addition, this study observed that the high stillbirth and prematurity rates were associated with placental malaria infection. The findings of the present study suggest undertaking of effective malaria-control strategies during pregnancy, such as use of insecticide-impregnated bednets, intermittent and early treatment for malaria, and antimalarial chemoprophylaxis, in the Gambia.     

Clinical, genetic and fertility studies of Indians with beta S-globin gene and the influence of Hb S on Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection

Clinical studies were carried out on mild Indian sickle cell anaemia in Malaysia, and genetic and fertility studies were carried out on 101 families with and without sickle-cell haemoglobin (Hb S). The Indian sickle cell anaemia patients reached adulthood, and pregnancies and deliveries were uneventful without blood transfusion. There was no foetal wastage and the number of children produced was not significantly different from that in families without Hb S. 28 Indian patients hospitalized with Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection were also examined for their beta S genotype. P. falciparum malaria infection occurred much more frequently in individuals without Hb S than in Hb S carriers.