食管上皮内瘤变及食管鳞状细胞癌组织COX-2、PCNA、CD44v6的表达及其生物学意义

目的 探讨不同食管病变组织中环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、CD44v6、增生细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达情况及其临床表达特点,进一步了解其生物学意义.方法 采集山西省肿瘤医院病理科2003年至2005年手术切除标本并经病理证实的食管鳞状细胞癌(含有上皮内瘤变以及正常食管鳞状上皮组织)标本105例,用免疫组织化学SP法对组织中COX-2、CD44v6、PCNA蛋白进行检测.结果 在105例食管鳞状细胞癌组织中,COX-2、CD44v6、PCNA蛋白的表达随着食管病变的加重而增加(P＜0.05).COX-2与食管癌分化程度和有无淋巴结转移相关.CD44v6在有淋巴结转移的食管癌组织中的表达明显高于无淋巴结转移者.COX-2的表达与CD44v6的表达有相关性.结论 COX-2、CD44v6以及PCNA蛋白的高表达与食管癌的发生有关.COX-2和CD44v6的表达情况可以作为判断食管癌预后的指标.在食管癌组织中COX-2的表达与CD44v6的表达呈正相关.     

HPV16型-E6、E7在食管鳞癌组织与非癌组织中的表达

背景与目的:越来越多的证据表明高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(humanpapillomavirus,HPV),特别是HPV16型与多种肿瘤发生、发展密切相关。本研究旨在分析人乳头状瘤病毒HPV16型E6、E7在食管正常组织、不典型增生组织和癌组织中的表达,以探讨HPV16型在食管鳞癌发生、发展中的生物学意义。方法:采用PicTureTM免疫组织化学方法对70例食管癌切除标本上、下切缘的正常粘膜上皮组织、43例不典型增生组织以及18例癌组织中的HPV16型E6、E7蛋白表达情况进行研究。结果:E6蛋白阳性率在正常食管粘膜上皮组织中为59.3%,在上皮不典型增生组织中为88.4%,在癌组织中为83.3%;E7蛋白在上述3种组织中的阳性率分别为62.1%、90.7%和88.9%。与正常食管粘膜上皮相比,上皮不典型增生组织和癌组织中E6、E7蛋白表达均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。HPV16型E6、E7蛋白在正常食管粘膜组织中同时表达即同步率为25.7%,而在上皮不典型增生组织和癌组织中二者同步率分别为88.3%和83.3%。结论:HPV16型E6、E7蛋白与食管鳞癌发生、发展密切相关,二者协同作用可能是食管鳞癌发生、发展的重要因素之一。     

大鼠肺鳞癌癌变过程中凋亡和增殖相关基因表达的研究

背景与目的:细胞凋亡信号转导的关键是凋亡下游蛋白caspase-3的激活。有关caspase-3与人类非小细胞肺癌的研究已取得了很大的进展,但它与大鼠肺鳞癌的关系的研究未见报道。本研究探讨大鼠肺鳞癌癌变过程中细胞增殖与凋亡相关基因cas-pase-3和增殖细胞核抗原(proliferatingcellnuclearantigen,PCNA)的表达在癌变过程中的作用。方法:取60只Wistar大鼠,其中50只用化学致癌物3-甲基胆蒽(3-methylcholanthrene,MCA)及二乙基亚硝胺(diethyinitrosamine,DEN)碘油溶液于左肺叶支气管灌注以诱发大鼠肺鳞状细胞癌;另10只灌注碘油作为对照。用免疫组织化学SP法检测癌变过程中caspase-3和PCNA蛋白的表达;TUNEL法检测凋亡细胞。结果:对照组大鼠支气管粘膜上皮、癌前病变和肺鳞癌中,caspase-3蛋白表达的阳性评分均值分别为3.10±0.99、2.25±1.13、1.38±0.95;PCNA的平均增殖指数(PCNA-LI)分别为:14.10±5.02、28.13±8.72、41.88±14.24;平均凋亡指数(AI)分别为:0.60±0.52、2.06±0.85、2.26±1.14。肺鳞癌与对照组大鼠支气管粘膜上皮相比,其caspase-3蛋白阳性表达的差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),与癌前病变相比其caspase-3阳性表达的差异有显著性(P<0.05)。对照组大鼠支气管粘膜上皮为低增殖指数和低凋亡指数,分别与后     

E2F-1和Rb基因在食管鳞状细胞癌中的 表达及临床意义

 目的 研究E2F-1和Rb基因在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达情况,探讨其在食管鳞状细胞癌发生发展中的规律与临床病理关系。方法 应用免疫组化方法检测60例食管鳞状细胞癌和50例正常食管组织中E2F-1和Rb基因的表达情况。结果 食管鳞状细胞癌中E2F-1的阳性表达率为73.3％,显著高于癌旁正常组织黏膜中的36.0％（P<0.01）,E2F-1的表达与食管鳞状细胞癌的分期、分化及淋巴结转移有相关性（P<0.05）。Rb在食管鳞状细胞癌中的阴性表达率为30.0％,显著高于癌旁正常组织中的12.0％（P<0.05）,Rb在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达与分化及淋巴结转移有关（P<0.05）,但尚不能认为与分期有关。结论 E2F-1和Rb在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达呈负相关,即E2F-1过度表达而Rb表达有一定程度缺失,在正常食管组织中的表达亦有差异。     

Significance of COX-2 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is well established to play an important role in the tumorigenesis of a variety of human cancers; however, the function of COX-2 in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains less clear. Here, we determined, first, the pattern of COX-2 expression in normal esophageal mucosa, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ (CIS) and invasive SCC. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that, while COX-2 was weakly expressed, if at all, in normal squamous epithelium, strong COX-2 expression was detected as early as the stage of dysplasia and frequently in 20 of 26 (77%) CIS and 86 of 111 (77%) invasive SCC. Upregulation of COX-2 in ESCC was found to be significantly associated with tumor progression (R = 0.493, P < 0.01). Further, treatment of human ESCC cell lines (KYSE450 and KYSE510) with NS-398, a COX-2 specific chemical inhibitor, suppressed the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and induced cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest at the G1-S checkpoint, and the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1. Finally, knockdown expression of COX-2 in KYSE450 cells by a specific COX-2 siRNA dramatically inhibited PGE2 production, cell growth and, more importantly, colony formation and tumorigenesis in nude mice. Together, this study suggested that COX-2 may be involved in an early stage of squamous cell carcinogenesis of the esophagus and has a non-redundant role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis of esophageal epithelial cells.     

Alterations of p53, cyclin D1 and pRB expression in the carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Many molecular alterations occur in esophageal carcinogenesis; however, little is known about the molecular genetic events responsible for the development of carcinoma. We investigated the expression of ki67, p53, cyclin D1 and pRB in 105 biopsy specimens using immunohistochemistry from iodine unstained lesions as indicators of carcinogenesis of the esophagus. Also, the genetic alternation of esophageal dysplasia from patients with accompanying esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was examined to study the evidence for field carcinogenesis in the esophagus. The expression of p53, cyclin D1 and pRB was detected in 31, 0 and 51.7% respectively of mild dysplasia; 40, 0 and 70% of moderate dysplasia; 40, 20 and 70% of severe dysplasia; and 48, 32 and 80% of carcinoma specimens. p53 expression was significantly increased in mild dysplasia, whereas cyclin D1 and pRB expression were significantly increased in carcinoma as compared to both normal epithelium and esophagitis. The ki67 LI and the rate of p53 expression were significantly higher in dysplasia with ESCC than in dysplasia without ESCC. Ki67, p53, cyclin D1 and pRB expression may be useful biomarkers for assessing the risk of developing esophageal cancer. Dysplasia observed at screening for secondary lesions has a highly malignant potential and careful follow-up studies are required.     

P53 expression in esophageal dysplasia - a possible biomarker for carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma

The tumor suppressor gene product p53 has been detected in a high percentage of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. To evaluate the role of this protein in carcinogenesis, we examined the p53 overexpression both in esophageal dysplasia and in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the same patients. Using anti-p53 antibodies pAb1801 and CM-1, we analyzed immunohistochemically 36 dysplastic lesions from 36 patients with esophageal cancer. Nuclear p53 was detected in 14 of 36 dysplasias (39%). From mild to moderate to severe dysplasia, p53 positivity showed tendency to increase in number. Seventeen of the 36 squamous cell carcinomas showed p53 expression (47%). There was a significant concurrent p53 expression in esophageal dysplasia and its related squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.00345). These results indicate that p53 mutation is closely associated with the initiation of this cancer.     

食管黏膜上皮癌变过程中PTEN、PCNA的表达及意义

目的　探讨食管黏膜上皮癌变过程中PTEN、PCNA表达及相互关系。方法　对 12 8例正常食管黏膜、单纯增生、非典型增生、食管癌切除标本 ,采用S -P免疫组化染色法检测PTEN、PCNA表达情况。结果　随食管上皮增生程度加重 ,PTEN阳性表达含量渐减 ,PCNA表达递增 ,食管癌与其他组间差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;PTEN、PCNA阳性表达呈显著负相关 (P <0 0 1)。结论　食管黏膜上皮癌变过程中PTEN有明显缺失现象 ,与细胞增殖有密切关系     

Cyclin D1 overexpression in esophageal dysplasia: a possible biomarker for carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

There is controversy as to whether esophageal squamous dysplasia is a pre-cancerous lesion or a non-cancerous lesion. In this study, we conducted an immunohistochemical investigation of cyclin D1, retinoblastoma (Rb), p16INK4 and p27KIP1 expression in 36 squamous dysplasias and 34 early squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus. The frequency of cyclin D1 overexpression was similar in dysplasias and early cancers (30% vs. 35%). Loss of p16INK4 and p27KIP1 expression was less frequent in dysplasias than in early cancers (p=0.005 and 0.001, respectively). Loss of Rb protein expression was not detected in dysplasia and rarely observed in early cancer (7%). The proliferation cell nuclear antigen index increased from moderate dysplasia to mucosal invasive carcinoma and was correlated significantly with the expression of cyclin D1, p16INK4 and p27KIP1 (p=0.0001, 0.003, and 0.007, respectively). Thus, this study found that cyclin D1 overexpression starts early in dysplasia and could be a useful marker for its malignant potentiality while reduction of p16INK4 and p27KIP1 occurs during the transformation from dysplasia to cancer. These findings suggest that esophageal dysplasia should be treated as a precancerous lesion.     

食管鳞癌中p53、PCNA和EGFR的表达与化疗疗效的关系

目的:探讨p53、PCNA和EGFR在食管鳞癌中的表达情况与化疗疗效的关系。方法:对66例食管鳞癌化疗前的活检标本用免疫组化技术分别检测p53、PCNA、EGFR的表达。结果:p53蛋白积聚阳性组化疗有效率(16.7%)明显低于p53蛋白积聚阴性组(70.8%)(P<0.01),PCNA过表达组化疗有效率(79.4%)高于PCNA弱表达组(31.3%)(P<0.01),EGFR过表达组化疗有效率(30.4%)低于弱表达组(69.8%)(P<0.01)。经Logistic回归分析,3个指标中,PCNA对化疗疗效的预测价值较大(P<0.01)。结论:食管鳞癌中p53、PCNA和EGFR的表达情况对化疗疗效均有一定的预测价值。其中PCNA价值较大。     

Esophagin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are biomarkers of human esophageal neoplastic progression

PCNA and esophagin have been implicated in the multistep process of carcinogenesis, but simultaneous characterization of these proteins in the early stages of esophageal neoplastic progression has yet to be undertaken. In morphologically normal esophageal epithelium, esophagin stains the granular layer cells, principally in their cell membrane portions. PCNA, in contrast, stains the nuclei of cells in the parabasal and basal layers. We examined 201 regions from 47 patients that represented different stages of esophageal neoplasia, comprising 34 areas of normal mucosa, 18 of dysplasia in squamous epithelium (DYS/SC), 39 squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA), 29 areas of Barrett's esophagus, 48 of Barrett's dysplasia (DYS/BAR) and 33 areas of adenocarcinoma (AC). The immunostaining patterns of esophagin and PCNA were evaluated and graded for level of expression. There was loss of esophagin expression in the high- and low-grade dysplasias compared to normal epithelia. In the squamous dysplasias, there was more intense staining (of esophagin) in the atypical nuclei and superficial squamous epithelial cells than in the basal cells. PCNA staining was increased in intensity in the high-grade dysplasias relative to normal basal layer cells. Combined analysis of esophagin and PCNA appears to reveal an inverse relationship between proliferation and differentiation during esophageal neoplastic progression. Moreover, this combined staining approach also offers promise for detecting esophageal cancer in early, precancerous stages.     

COX-2和iNOS在实验性大鼠肺癌发生发展中的表达及其与微血管密度的关系

目的　探讨环氧化酶 2蛋白 (COX 2 )和诱导型一氧化氮合酶蛋白 (iNOS)在肺癌发生发展中的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系。方法　Wistar大鼠 88只 ,“左肺叶支气管灌注致癌质碘油”法诱发肺鳞癌 ,分批处死 ,获取肺鳞癌发生发展各阶段标本 ,以 10只正常大鼠作为对照。用免疫组化法检测标本中COX 2、iNOS的表达和MVD值。结果　共获取 15 5例病变组织 ,其中 14例支气管粘膜增生 ,2 5例鳞状化生 ,33例不典型增生 ,12例原位癌 ,5 4例浸润癌 ,17例转移癌。不典型增生 (2 .1± 1.9)与鳞状化生 (0 .6± 0 .9)比较、原位癌 (3.7± 2 .4)与不典型增生比较、转移癌 (5 .9± 3.2 )与浸润癌 (3.8± 2 .7)比较 ,COX 2表达评分差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。支气管粘膜增生 (3.7± 2 .1)与正常粘膜 (0 .5± 0 .7)比较、转移癌 (9.1± 4.0 )与浸润癌 (5 .3± 3.7)比较 ,iNOS表达评分差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。原位癌 (31.7±13.3)与不典型增生 (6.2± 4.0 )比较、浸润癌 (4 7.8± 15 .7)与原位癌比较、转移癌 (64 .4± 2 7.7)与浸润癌比较 ,MVD值差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 1)。COX 2与iNOS表达呈正相关 (r =0 .60 16,P<0 .0 0 1)。MVD与COX 2、iNOS表达均有密切关     

HLA-DR antigen expression in squamous epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: an immunohistochemical study

To clarify the biologic significance of esophageal squamous epithelial dysplasia, especially the similarity to carcinoma in situ, immunohistochemical investigation of HLA-DR antigen expression and lymphocyte infiltration was performed. HLA-DR antigen was expressed in 12 of the 35 invasive carcinomas (34.4%), 23 of the 38 intraepithelial carcinomas (60.5%), 21 of the 50 areas of dysplasia (42.0%) and only 2 of the 625 specimens of non-cancerous squamous epithelium (0.3%). The HLA-DR-positive rate of dysplasia localized continuous to HLA-DR-positive carcinoma was 68.4%, which was significantly higher than that for HLA-DR positive dysplasia localized continuous to HLA-DR negative cancer (11.1%) (p<0.05). In areas of dysplasia and intraepithelial carcinoma, T cell infiltration was significantly increased at the sites of HLA-DR antigen expression (P<0.01). B cell infiltration was also more common in areas of positive expression. These results suggest that HLA-DR antigen is associated with the local immune response to squamous epithelial dysplasia, and that HLA-DR antigen expression may prevent tumor invasion similarly to its role in intraepithelial carcinoma.     

食管鳞状细胞癌组织中核干细胞因子蛋白和mRNA的半定量表达

目的 探讨食管鳞状细胞癌组织中核干细胞因子(NS)蛋白和mRNA的半定量表达情况.方法 应用免疫组化SABC法和逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法,检测62例食管鳞状细胞癌组织及其相对应的31例癌旁不典型增生组织和62例正常食管黏膜组织中NS蛋白和mRNA的半定量表达情况.结果 正常食管黏膜组织、癌旁不典型增生组织和食管鳞状细胞癌组织中,NS蛋白阳性表达率分别为17.7%(11/62)、41.9%(13/31)和69.4%(43/62),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=33.676,P＜0.01).食管鳞状细胞癌组织中,NS蛋白阳性表达率与其组织学分级、侵袭程度及淋巴结转移密切相关(均为P＜0.05),而与年龄、性别和病理分型无关(均为P＞0.05).食管鳞状细胞癌组织中,NS mRNA的相对含量(0.971±0.121)高于癌旁不典型增生组织(0.913±0.085)和正常食管黏膜组织(0.866±0.103),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=14.829,P＜0.01).不同组织学分级、不同侵袭程度及有无淋巴结转移的食管鳞状细胞癌组织之间,NS mRNA的相对含量差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05),NSmRNA的相对含量与年龄、性别和病理分型无关(均为P＞0.05).结论 食管鳞状细胞癌组织中,NS mRNA的表达升高,其高表达与食管鳞状细胞癌的发生发展有关.     

Global analysis of altered gene expressions during the process of esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis in the rat: a study combined with a laser microdissection and a cDNA microarray

The genetic alterations that occur during esophageal tumorigenesis have yet to be determined. We previously established a Wister rat carcinogenesis model of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. To understand more about the molecular mechanisms during carcinogenesis, we produced esophageal neoplastic lesions by administering N-amyl-N-methylnitrosamine and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to rats. We used laser microdissection to specifically isolate the cells from the normal epithelium, papilloma, dysplasia, and invasive carcinoma. Using a cDNA microarray representing 14,815 clones, we then analyzed the gene expression profiles for each esophageal lesion. The number of differentially expressed genes compared with the normal control dramatically increased in a step-by-step fashion from normal epithelium (1,151 +/- 119 genes) to papilloma (1,899 +/- 543 genes), dysplasia (1,991 +/- 193 genes), and invasive carcinoma (2,756 +/- 87 genes). A hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the three stages of normal epithelium, dysplasia (papilloma), and invasive carcinoma could be clearly classified, whereas the gene expression patterns of papilloma and dysplasia were indistinguishable. Using the Fisher criterion, we also identified 50 genes whose expression level had either significantly increased or decreased in a step-by-step manner from the normal epithelium to dysplasia and then finally to invasive carcinoma. Many of these genes were not previously known to be associated with esophageal carcinogenesis. The present findings in our rat model thus seem to provide us with a better understanding of the molecular alterations that occur during esophageal carcinogenesis and hopefully will also help lead to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.     

Nitrotyrosine in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and relevance to p53 expression

We have examined the expression of nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite formation, in 55 esophageal cancers by immunohistochemistry. Nitrotyrosine was detected in 21 of 55 (38.2%) esophageal cancers. Comparison of nitrotyrosine expression and the pathological findings showed that there was a significant association between the expression of nitrotyrosine and each of the depth of tumor invasion (P<0.01), occurrence of metastasis (P<0.05), pathological stage (P<0.01), smoking status (P<0.05) and alcohol intake (P<0.05). The survival rate of patients with nitrotyrosine-negative cancer was significantly higher than that of patients with nitrotyrosine-positive cancer (log-rank test, P<0.01). p53 was detected in 29 of 55 (52.7%) esophageal cancers, however, p53 expression did not correlate with nitrotyrosine expression. In conclusion, nitrotyrosine, a product of nitrogen species, is expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which suggests that exogenous risk factors, such as tobacco and alcohol, through NO, are associated with carcinogenesis and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.     

长链非编码RNA HAGLROS在食管鳞癌组织中的表达及其对食管鳞癌细胞生物学行为的影响

目的 探讨长链非编码RNA HAGLROS在食管鳞癌组织中的表达及其与食管鳞癌患者临床病理参数之间的关系,分析HAGLROS对食管鳞癌细胞增殖及转移的影响.方法 运用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测HAGLROS在42对食管鳞癌组织与癌旁食管正常组织及食管上皮细胞Het1A及食管鳞癌细胞EC109和KYSE30...     

环氧合酶-2和血管内皮生长因子在食管癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨食管癌组织中环氧合酶乞（COX-2）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达及临床意义。方法采用SP免疫组化法检测60例食管癌患者组织和20例正常食管黏膜标本中COX-2和VEGF蛋白的表达。结果60例食管癌组织中,COX-2阳性表达率为68．3％,VEGF为76．7％;均明显高于正常食管黏膜,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。COX-2和VEGF在食管癌组织中的表达呈显著正相关（rs=0．526,P〈0．0001）。VEGF表达与食管癌区域淋巴结转移密切相关,COX-2和VEGF表达与食管癌的临床分期、组织分化程度、浸润深度等无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。结论COX-2蛋白和VEGF蛋白在食管鳞癌中均呈高表达,二者的表达呈显著正相关。VEGF与食管癌区域淋巴结转移有相关性。