荷包环扎式结直肠吻合保肛术治疗低位直肠癌护理体会

随着对直肠癌浸润转移规律的认识提高 ,吻合器的不断进步 ,吻合方法的改进 ,辅助治疗及护理手段的完善 ,在腹、会阴直肠切除术 (Ｍｉｌｅｓ手术 )基础上产生许多保肛手术。其 5年生存率与Ｍｉｌｅｓ手术相似 ,却明显提高了广大患者的生存质量〔1〕。我院自 1996年以来 ,采用荷包环扎式结直肠吻合保肛术治疗低位直肠癌 2 3例 ,取得了较满意的疗效。现将我们护理体会总结如下。1　临床资料1996年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 2月 ,采用荷包环扎式结直肠吻合保肛手术 2 3例 ,其中男 11例 ,女 12例 ,年龄 2 8～ 6 7岁。直肠肿瘤下缘距肛缘 4～ 7ｃｍ。病理…     

单吻合器在直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术中的应用

目的　总结用荷包钳荷包缝合直肠远端与管型吻合器吻合及全直肠系膜切除在直肠癌保肛手术中的应用体会及疗效。方法　对 12 2例应用荷包钳合加单吻合器 ,全直肠系膜切除于直肠保肛手术患者进行回顾性分析。结果　全部病例吻合满意 ,术后无吻合口瘘发生 ,术后局部复发率为 4 9% (6 / 12 2 ) ,术后 3年生存率86 9% ,5年生存率 6 9 4 %。结论　采用荷包钳缝合直肠远端操作简便易行 ,吻合效果满意。较双吻合器行直肠癌保肛手术节省约 5 0 %费用 ,在直肠全系膜切除前提下 ,低前切除术治疗中低位直肠癌疗效满意。     

低位直肠癌保肛术适应证选择与评价

①目的 探讨低位直肠癌保肛术适应证选择标准并评价其临床效果。②方法 对155例直肠癌病人行支撑吻合管径肛门环扎式结－直肠（肛管）吻合术。③结果 低位直肠癌保肛率58．5％，手术死亡2例，发生吻事口漏3例。3年生存率：保肝组71．7％，Miles手术组68．8％，两组比较差异无显著性（χ^2＝0．24，P＞0．05）。局部复发率：保肝组4．6％，Miles手术组8．3％，两组比较差异无显著性（χ^2＝1．44，P＞0．05）。④结论 低位直肠癌保肛术切实可行，病人生存率与Miles术式无差异。     

低位直肠癌保肛手术中支撑捆扎法低位吻合的价值

目的 评价支撑捆扎法在低位直肠癌保肛手术中低位吻合的价值。方法 从929例低位直肠癌中选择629例实施保肛手术。手术方法有双吻合器吻合法(n=101)和经肛门支撑捆扎结肠-直肠(肛管)(n=528)吻合。外科切除范围:除残留肛侧直肠(肛管),肛提肌、肛门内外括约肌、坐骨盲肠窝脂肪组织、肛周皮肤外,与Miles手术相同。结果 低位直肠癌保肛率67.69%。根治术后584例随访5年以上。5年生存率:吻合器组75%、支撑捆扎组76.59%。局部复发率:吻合器组5%、支撑捆扎组3.2%。手术合并症:吻合器组吻合口漏4%;支撑捆扎组吻合口漏2.5%。两种保肛方法5年生存、局部复发率及术后并发症无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 低位直肠癌中,在确保根治和术后排便功能,能完成口侧结肠-直肠(肛管)吻合者,可作为保肛适应症选择范围。保肛术式选择,吻合口在盆腔内者选择吻合器技术,在耻骨直肠肌上缘到肌间沟者选择支撑捆扎吻合术。经肛门支撑捆扎吻合可以取代吻合器完成超低位及结肠-直肠(肛管)吻合,两种吻合方法之间对病人的预后影响无差异。     

低位直肠癌52例保肛手术治疗临床分析

目的:探讨低位直肠癌保肛手术的治疗效果。方法:52例患者按直肠全系膜切除(TME)原则进行直肠癌切除手术,吻合器或手工吻合断端肠管。结果:患者术后1周内5例发生吻合口瘘,肛门狭窄4例,吻合口复发6例,盆腔复发3例。术后1、3、5年生存率分别为100%,88%,72%。结论:按TME原则采用保肛手术治疗低位直肠癌效果理想。     

国产单吻合器在中低位直肠癌保肛手术的应用

目的:探讨使用国产单吻合器行低位直肠癌直肠切除术的疗效.方法:对65例低位直肠癌患者按全直肠系膜切除术(TME)要求切除直肠,荷包钳封闭直肠残端,应用常州康迪公司圆形弯头吻合器(28.5~31.5)行低位保肛术.结果:65例手术顺利,无手术死亡,术后吻合口瘘3例(4.6%);2例出现吻合口狭窄(3.0%),均治愈.结论:使用国产单吻合器在中低位直肠癌手术治疗中是有效、安全的,能够提高中低位直肠癌保肛手术成功率,改善患者生存质量,对预后无不良影响,减轻了患者的经济负担.     

低位直肠癌超低位吻合保肛术48例疗效评价

目的　评价低位直肠癌超低位吻合保肛术的安全性及临床价值。　方法　回顾性分析 4 8例低位直肠癌 ,行根治性全直肠切除后 ,重建直肠瓣、直肠角 ,用常规缝合法作乙状结肠与肛管齿状线或直肠最低位吻合。　结果　全组无手术死亡病例 ,术后出现吻合口狭窄 1例 ,肛周粪渍性湿疹 18例 (18/ 4 8) ,无其它并发症。术后 6个月肛门功能全部优良。局部复发率 6 2 5 % (3/ 4 8)。　结论　只要严格掌握适应证 ,超低位直肠癌保肛术是一种安全有效的方法 ,值得在临床上进一步研究和推广     

双吻合术在低位直肠癌117例保肛手术中的应用评价

目的评价双吻合术在低位直肠癌保肛手术中应用的优越性.方法回顾性分析我院1997年开始采用双吻合术行低位直肠癌保肛手术以来的117例的经验.结果所有病例应用双吻合器进行直肠闭合和吻合进程顺利,术后发生吻合口漏3例(2.6%,3/117),吻合口狭窄2例(1.7%,2/117),吻合口出血4例(3.4%,4/117),切口感染2例(1.7%,2/117),术后肛门疼痛1例(0.9%,1/117),无手术死亡.结论双吻合术能使外科医生顺利完成以往手法吻合不易或难以完成的低位直肠吻合,是低位直肠癌保肛手术的安全可靠的术式选择.     

术中冰冻病理和双吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

目的：总结分析术中冰冻病理及双吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用体会。方法：1998年3月至200l年3月在43例低位直肠癌保肛术中对直肠癌远侧断端进行术中冰冻病理切片以明确远端切除范围，同时在双吻合器辅助下行直肠超低位吻合。结果：9例术中冰冻病理发现直肠癌远侧断端有肿瘤残留及远侧断端系膜淋巴结转移(9／43)，3例扩大切除范围后行保肛手术，6例(6／43)行Miles手术，保肛手术37例(37／43)均在双吻合器辅助下行直肠超低位吻合，术中出现吻合口瘘2例(2/37)，术后未出现吻合口瘘，术后吻合口狭窄5例(5／37)，术后6个月内所有保肛手术患者排便正常，随诊1-3年局部复发2例(2／43)。结论：术中冰冻病理及双吻合器在中低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用，能提高保肛成功率、减少并发症、降低复发率。     

经腹前切除超低位手工吻合保肛术治疗低位直肠癌(附14例报告)

目的：探讨手工吻合在超低位结直肠吻合手术中的可行性。方法：回顾分析自1999年1月以来4年间治疗低位直肠癌，应用手工吻合行超低位结直肠吻合术14例的临床资料。结果：本组14例，下切线病理均未见癌细胞残留，术后吻合口漏l(7．1％)例，吻合口狭窄l(7．1％)例，刀口液化2(14．3)例，无手术死亡。结论：手工超低位吻合保肛术可做为低位直肠癌保肛手术的一种安全可靠方式。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.