肿瘤-睾丸抗原LAGE-1基因的原核表达纯化和抗血清制备

目的:构建人肿瘤-睾丸抗原LAGE-1的原核表达质粒,表达、纯化LAGE-1融合蛋白并制备GST-LAGE-1多克隆抗体。方法:逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法扩增人肝癌组织LAGE-1基因3′端片段,连入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1( ),构建原核表达质粒pGEX-LAGE-1并测序。将该质粒转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达,经包涵体透析复性和谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶纯化系统分离纯化目的蛋白。用纯化的融合蛋白GST-LAGE-1免疫新西兰大白兔,间接ELISA法测定抗体效价,饱和硫酸铵沉淀法纯化抗体,并采用Western blot检测GST-LAGE-1多克隆抗体特异性。结果:RT-PCR扩增得到LAGE-1基因3′端264bp片段,测序结果与GenBank公布序列一致;成功构建pGEX-LAGE-1原核表达质粒,含有该质粒的大肠埃希菌经IPTG诱导后表达相对分子质量约为36×103的蛋白,经包涵体复性和GST融合蛋白纯化系统纯化,得到重组蛋白GST-LAGE-1,纯度达90%;制备兔抗GST-LAGE-1抗体,纯化的抗体经Western blot证实可与目的蛋白特异性结合。结论:获得了纯化的肿瘤-睾丸抗原LAGE-1重组蛋白及其特异性多克隆抗体,为进一步研究LAGE-1抗原在肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用奠定基础。     

癌-睾丸抗原GAGE-1基因的重组、表达及纯化

目的 为进一步研究临床应用癌-睾丸抗原GAGE-1诱导特异性抗肿瘤免疫反应,对GAGE-1基因进行克隆、体外原核重组表达及蛋白分离纯化。方法 运用RT-PCR技术从人QGY-7701肝癌细胞株中扩增GAGE-1基因片段,插入原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1中,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-6p-1-GAGE-1,并导入大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导目的蛋白表达;经包涵体透析复性及GST柱亲和层析纯化目的蛋白,SDS-PAGE电泳分析鉴定。结果 扩增得到GAGE-1基因5’端251 bp片段,与GeneBank公布的序列一致,构建的PGEX-6p-1-GAGE-1原核表达质粒经IPTG诱导,在大肠杆菌中表达分子量约35.7 kD的GST-GAGE-1融合蛋白,纯化后蛋白纯度为90%以上。结论 成功构建PGEX-6p-1-GAGE-1重组表达质粒,并成功表达纯化了GST-GAGE-1融合蛋白,为进一步深入研究GAGE蛋白奠定了基础。     

精胺/精眯N1-乙酰基转移酶重组蛋白的原核表达及其抗体制备

目的 探讨精胺/精眯N¹乙酰基转移酶（SSAT）的原核表达及抗SSAT多克隆抗体的制备。方法 RT-PCR法从人肺癌细胞总RNA中克隆SSAT cDNA后,构建SSAT原核表达质粒pET15b/SSAT并转化BL21(DE3)大肠杆菌细胞。SSAT重组蛋白经IPTG诱导表达后,利用PAGE凝胶纯化和Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化。用凝胶纯化的SSAT重组蛋白免疫家兔以制备抗SSAT多克隆抗体,所得抗体的特异性及效价用Western blot和ELISA技术检测。结果 SSAT重组蛋白可在大肠杆菌中诱导性高表达,用此蛋白免疫动物所得的SSAT抗体的效价以及特异性均较高。结论 建立了SSAT原核表达系统并成功制备出SSAT多克隆抗体。     

人ENO1(Enolase-α)基因的原核表达、蛋白纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

目的:构建人ENO1(human Enolase-α)基因的原核表达质粒,诱导重组蛋白的表达,利用纯化后的蛋白制备具有活性的ENO1多克隆抗体.方法:用PCR方法从胃癌MKN45细胞全基因组中扩增出目的基因ENO1,将目的基因和原核表达载体pET30a(+)分别双酶切,回收酶切产物并用T4连接酶连接,获得重组质粒pET30a(+)-ENO1.将重组质粒转入大肠埃希菌菌株BL21,经异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达,用Ni-NTA亲和层析柱纯化,利用纯化的ENO1活性蛋白作为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清多克隆抗体,并用Western blot检测其特异性.结果:目的基因与原核表达载体经双酶切鉴定所切下的片段大小与理论值相符,测序结果表明重组人ENO1基因序列与NCBI(NM_001428.3)公布序列一致.经SDS-PAGE分析,结果显示重组蛋白的分子量约在47kDa,条带单一,无杂带出现,主要以可溶性形式存在.Western blot证实多克隆抗体制备成功.结论:成功表达、纯化了ENO1融合蛋白,制备了具有高特异性的多克隆抗体,为进一步肿瘤疫苗的研制和肿瘤标志物快速诊断的研究奠定基础.     

人类ARL-1重组蛋白特异性抗体的制备及鉴定

目的　制备ARL -1重组蛋白及其特异性抗体。方法　利用基因重组技术构建PQE -ARL -1原核表达载体 ,在M15大肠杆菌中进行表达 ,制备ARL -1重组蛋白 ,再将此蛋白免疫健康新西兰兔 ,制备ARL -1特异性抗体。结果　ARL -1在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达 ,经Ni -NTA (次氮基三乙酸 )琼脂柱纯化 ,获得纯蛋白 ,将此蛋白免疫健康新西兰兔 ,制备出抗人ARL-1特异性抗体 ,经环状沉淀试验及双琼脂扩散试验检测出抗体效价达 1∶2 0 0 0 0。结论　人类ARL -1重组蛋白及其特异性抗体的制备 ,为进一步研究ARL -1在肝癌早期诊断中的作用 ,并且探讨用此抗体携带放射性同位素或抗肿瘤药物对于肝癌细胞进行定向性杀伤提供了可能性     

抗人KIAAO100蛋白多克隆抗体的制备

目的:制备抗人KIAA0100蛋白多克隆抗体,为今后研究人KIAA0100蛋白的结构和功能奠定基础.方法:采用生物信息学软件对人KIAA0100蛋白第1 557～2 234位氨基酸序列进行原核密码子优化,将优化后的核苷酸序列经人工合成后克隆入原核表达载体pET-30a中,构建重组质粒;采用限制性酶切分析对重组质粒进行鉴定;将正确的重组质粒转化人大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)细胞,以表达羧基末端携带6×组氨酸标签的重组蛋白;使用重组蛋白作为免疫原免疫新西兰大白兔制备抗人KIAA0100蛋白多克隆抗体;使用蛋白质印迹分析检测该多克隆抗体对人KIAA0100蛋白的识别能力.结果:限制性酶切分析显示:重组质粒被成功构建;SDS-PAGE分析结果显示:主要以包涵体形式存在的重组蛋白被成功表达;蛋白质印迹分析证实:该多克隆抗体能够高效地识别人KIAA0100蛋白.结论:成功制备了抗人KIAA0100蛋白多克隆抗体,以上研究结果为我们将来研究人KIAA0100蛋白的结构和功能奠定了基础.     

血管生成抑素的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

目的:在原核系统中表达并纯化人血管生成抑素（angiostatin）,制备鼠抗人血管生成抑素多克隆抗体。方法:设计引物扩增angiostatin的cDNA,然后亚克隆入原核表达载体pQE,并转化入大肠杆菌BL21中诱导表达并纯化,再用纯化的人血管生成抑素免疫小鼠并制备多抗。结果:通过重组质粒酶切和测序分析等方法,筛选出重组阳性克隆,转化入大肠杆菌BL21中诱导表达并纯化成功,再利用纯化的人血管生成抑素制备成功鼠抗人血管生成抑素多克隆抗体。结论:表达产物及多克隆抗体为下阶段深入研究提供了重要的实验材料。     

人NY-ESO-1基因的原核表达、纯化和初步应用

目的：克隆人NY-ESO-1基因，进行原核表达和分离纯化，并初步应用于肝癌患者血清NY-ESO-1抗体的检测。方法：通过RT-PCR技术从人肝癌组织中扩增NY-ESO-1基因片段，插入原核表达载体pGEX4T-1( )中，构建重组表达质粒pGEx／ESO1，导入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)，诱导目的蛋白表达，经包涵体透析复性和GSTrap亲和层析纯化目的蛋白，Westem blot鉴定。应用间接ELISA方法初步检测50例肝癌患者血清和20例正常人血清NY-ESO-1抗体的表达。结果：扩增得到NY-ESO-1基因3′端276bp片段，与GeneBank公布序列一致，构建的pGEX／ESO1原核表达质粒经IPTG诱导，在大肠杆菌中表达分子量约36kD的GST-ESO1融合蛋白，纯化后蛋白纯度为90％。50例肝细胞癌患者血清中4例检测到NY-ESO-1抗体(8％)，正常人血清均为阴性。结论：成功构建pGEX／ESO1重组表达质粒，得到有活性的NY-ESO-1融合蛋白，对肝癌患者血清NY-ESO-1抗体的检测有-定的应用价值。     

MBP-hmcm6融合蛋白的构建与表达

目的构建含微小染色体维持蛋白MBP-hmcm6的原核表达重组质粒,并进行可溶性表达与初步纯化.方法以常规克隆方法将目的片段连接至pMAL-p2x载体,获得的阳性克隆转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)进行表达.结果经Western blot鉴定,获得了分子量大小为139 KD的MBP-hMCM6p蛋白.结论成功构建了pMAL-p2x-hmcm6重组质粒和工程菌,实现了重组蛋白可溶性表达,有助于进一步研究MCM蛋白的结构与功能.     

GST-P12融合蛋白的抗体制备、鉴定及免疫组化分析

目的：为了进一步研究p12DOC-1基因及其蛋白在口腔癌发生中的作用与调控机制,将已表达纯化好的GST-p12融合蛋白进行多克隆抗体的制备及鉴定.方法：将构建好的融合表达载体pGEX-4T-1-DOC-1转化BL21（DE3）型大肠杆菌,用IPTG诱导表达,得到GST-p12融合蛋白,经亲和层析柱纯化后电泳,再割胶研磨作为抗原直接免疫家兔,经Western blot及ELISA检测抗体效价及特异性并做免疫组化分析.结果：得到较高纯度的GST-p12融合蛋白,获得了兔来源的抗p12DOC-1血清,经蛋白免疫印迹杂交反应及免疫组化分析证实所得的抗体具有较高的特异性和效价.结论：成功制备了兔抗人的p12DOC-1抗血清,为进一步研究p12DOC-1在口腔癌中发生缺失的机理打下基础.     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia, myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives, and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P less than 0.05). Similarly, relatives of decreased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P less than 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P less than 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P less than 0.001). The opinions of patients were similar to those of their relatives. However, the relatives of leukemia patients were even more satisfied with the contact with the medical staff than the patients themselves (P less than 0.05). As many as 10-30% of the relatives never gave up hope for their relative's survival. Only two out of 27 deaths were considered not dignified. The lung carcinoma patients reported a less good quality of life (P less than 0.001), and less satisfaction with the information given (P less than 0.01), than the hematological patients from the same year. Similarly, their attitude to the medical care improved less (P less than 0.01), and they were less content with the general care than the leukemia group (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)