提切眉术治疗鱼尾纹的体会—附320例报道

目的 介绍提切眉术治疗鱼尾纹及上睑皮肤松垂的体会，寻找一种治疗鱼尾纹的简单方法。方法 通过眉上、眉中及眉下切口，横行切除宽度为1.0-2.0cm的皮肤。结果 本组320例，提眉150例，切除眉尾148例，切眉20例，切除眉下皮肤2例。术后随访3个月至2年，除4例二次手术后满意外，余316例均一次矫治了鱼尾纹和上睑皮肤松弛，同时获得优美的眉形。结论 该方法治疗鱼尾纹效果明显，同时具有创伤小、恢复快等优点。     

提切眉术治疗鱼尾纹的体会附320例报道

目的介绍提切眉术治疗鱼尾纹及上睑皮肤松垂的体会,寻找一种治疗鱼尾纹的简单方法.方法通过眉上、眉中及眉下切口,横行切除宽度为1.0～2.0cm的皮肤.结果本组320例,提眉150例,切除眉尾148例,切眉20例,切除眉下皮肤2例.术后随访3个月至2年,除4例二次手术后满意外,余316例均一次矫治了鱼尾纹和上睑皮肤松弛,同时获得优美的眉形.结论该方法治疗鱼尾纹效果明显,同时具有创伤小、恢复快等优点.     

提切眉术的医学审美设计及临床应用体会

提切眉术是切除眉上、眉间及眉下部位的皮肤和（或）眉毛，用于矫治眉形不佳、纹褪眉失败或眉部瘢痕，也用于上睑皮肤松弛下垂，改善眼形及减少眼角鱼尾纹等。我科自2000-2006年行提切眉术630例，取得较好效果，现报道如下。     

提眉除皱同时行重睑术

由于老年人皮肤松弛 ,常导致眉下垂、眉间纹、外眦鱼尾纹、上睑松弛等同时发生 ,单纯行一项手术往往难以收到良好效果 ,我们在近几年流行的切眉提眉术的基础上 ,改进手术方法 ,将提眉术、除皱术、重睑术一次完成 ,现报告如下。一、临床资料本组 5 8例 ,其中男 6例 ,女 5 2例 ,年龄 42～ 6 0岁。面上中部皮肤松弛 ,出现眉下垂 ,上睑松弛 ,鱼尾纹者 2 6例 ,眉下垂、上睑皮肤松弛、眉间纹、鱼尾纹均有者 32例。经手术矫正后 ,面部苍老状态明显改善 ,随访 1～ 2年效果良好 (图 1)。术前　　　　　　　　　　　　术后图 1　手术治疗效果二、手术…     

提(降)眉术联合眼轮匝肌悬吊术矫正上睑松弛及鱼尾纹

目的:探讨提(降)眉术联合眼轮匝肌悬吊术矫正上睑松弛及鱼尾纹的应用效果。方法:2012年5月-2016年12月,对58例就医者根据眉到上睑下缘的距离及眉部形状决定行提眉(取眉上切口)、降眉(眉下切口)或切眉术以矫正上睑松弛,同时于眉外下部及眶外侧缘皮下潜行分离显露眼轮匝肌并将其向上折叠悬吊以矫正鱼尾纹。术后适当加压包扎1~2d,术后7d拆线。结果:58例就医者上睑松弛及鱼尾纹均得到明显改善,术后随访6个月~3年,外观均较为满意。结论:提(降)眉联合眼轮匝肌悬吊术能同时矫正上睑松弛及鱼尾纹,手术操作简单。     

眉下切口矫正上睑松弛及鱼尾纹

目的:探讨采用眉下切口术式治疗面部皮肤老化所致的上睑松弛及鱼尾纹,为其临床应用提供依据.方法:对无眉移位的上睑松弛及鱼尾纹患者,根据患者的眉形要求、上睑松弛程度以及鱼尾纹的深浅,紧贴眉下缘设计第一切口,初步估计上睑皮肤和外眦外上部皮肤去除量后,设计第二切口,首尾连接两切口线,去除多余的上睑皮肤和外眦外上部皮肤,上提闭合眉下切口.结果:对27例患者行眉下切口术式,矫正了上睑松弛、鱼尾纹,去除了眉峰眉尾处杂眉,增大了睑裂,改善了眉部形态及视野,无明显眼部肿胀,达到了眼周美化.结论:眉下切口术式可较好地矫正上睑松弛及鱼尾纹,眼部肿胀轻,同时减少眉毛拔除痛苦,迅速恢复眼周的年轻化,适合于无眉移位的眼周老化患者.     

内固定技术在眉成形术中的应用

目的 探讨内固定技术在眉内小切口提眉术及眉下缘切口上睑成形术中的临床应用及效果.方法 对138例诊断有眉下垂或上睑皮肤松弛的受术者,在眉毛内或眉下缘设计皮肤切口线,切开皮肤或去皮后,在切口线垂直下方分离显露深额部骨膜组织,在相应位置上用4-0慕丝线挂住骨膜一针,然后再缝合切口上下缘皮下组织,打结后可使眉部位置上提,也可更加有效地提拉松弛的上睑外侧皮肤,同时改善鱼尾纹.结果 术后138例受术者眉下垂、外侧上睑皮肤松弛下垂及鱼尾纹均得到明显改善.结论 内固定技术可更好地提升眉部组织,改善上睑皮肤松弛下垂及鱼尾纹.     

文眉失败后提切眉同时去除鱼尾纹的方法与技巧

目的：探索一种矫正眉下垂的同时去除鱼尾纹、提升外眦角的方法与技巧。方法：设计提眉切口下缘向外上延长0．5～1．0cm,其夹角约120°,与切口上缘相连。切除画线内皮肤,并在直视下行外眦部分离以及眼轮匝肌悬吊缝合。结果：采用本法治疗56例就医者,术后随访4～18个月,效果良好。结论：通过改良提切眉术的切口,既可以在矫正眉下垂的同时去除鱼尾纹、提升外眦角,而且手术简单、创伤小,术后切口瘢痕不明显,效果持久,适于门诊开展。     

文眉联合切眉术矫正上睑皮肤松弛伴眉下垂

上睑皮肤松弛可导致“三角眼”和眉下垂，若单纯行重睑术易导致眉眼间距过近或眉水平下移，内眦皱纹明显，外眦鱼尾纹加深。笔者于2002年3月～2007年12月，应用文眉联合切眉术矫正上睑皮肤松弛伴眉下垂126例，取得较好效果。     

提眉切眉同期行额颞部除皱术

中老年人随面部皮肤松弛，常导致眉下垂，眉间纹，外眦鱼尾纹，上睑皮肤松弛等同时发生。我科自2000年起在切眉，提眉手术基础上，不附加切口行额颞除皱术。现总结如下。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.