提上睑肌缩短术在治疗重度先天性上睑下垂中的应用

目的为寻求重度先天性上睑下垂的良好的手术治疗效果.方法对44例重度先天性上睑下垂者采用经皮肤睑结膜入路提上睑肌缩短术.对可能出现的并发症提出了预防的方法.结果眼睑高度基本正常,上睑皱襞弧度自然,并发症少.结论提上睑肌缩短术可适用于重度先天性上睑下垂者,其效果优于额肌筋膜瓣的手术方法,能达到既矫正畸形又改善外观的效果.     

提上睑肌缩短术在治疗重度先天性上睑下垂中的应用

目的：为寻求重度先天性上睑下垂的良好的手术治疗效果。方法：对44例重度先天性上睑下垂者采用经皮肤－睑结膜入路提上睑肌缩短术。对可能出现的并发症提出了预防的方法。结果：眼睑高度基本正常，上睑皱襞弧度自然，并发症少。结论：提上睑肌缩技术可适用于重度先天性上睑下垂者，其效果优于额肌筋膜瓣的手术方法，能达到既矫正畸形又改善外观的效果。     

提上睑肌缩短及前徙术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的临床分析

目的：分析提上睑肌缩短及前徙术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的效果。方法：对18例（22眼）重度先天性上睑下垂者采用提上睑肌缩短及前徙术,对术后效果及并发症随访观察1年。结果：2眼欠矫,术后3天再次手术调整后疗效满意;22眼均睑缘弧度自然,睫毛位置正常,无暴露性角膜炎等其它并发症。结论：提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂疗效较满意。     

全麻下提上睑肌缩短术治疗儿童重度上睑下垂

重度上睑下垂，过去多主张采用额悬吊术，认为重度上睑下垂不适于作提上睑肌缩短术。近来有检采用提上睑肌缩短要治疗成人重度上睑下垂获得较好疗效。为了解提上睑肌缩短术在全麻下的缩短量及疗效，本文对２７例３２只眼在全麻下行提上睑肌缩短术的重度上睑下垂患儿作了总缩短量与疗效的关系。全部手术采用经皮肤、结膜内牙切口联合手术方式。结果表明，儿童重度先天性上睑下垂可以采用提上睑客厅主治疗，肌力小于４ｍｍ者，全麻下平     

全麻下提上睑肌缩短术治疗儿童重度上睑下垂

重度上睑下垂，过去多主张采用额肌悬吊术，认为重度上睑下垂不适于作提上睑肌缩短术。近来有人采用提上睑肌缩短术治疗成人重度上睑下垂获得较好疗效。为了解提上睑肌缩短术在全麻下的缩短量及疗效，本文对２７例３２只眼在全麻下行提上睑肌缩短术的重度上睑下垂患儿作了总结，分析了缩短量与疗效的关系。全部手术采用经皮肤、结膜内外切口联合手术方式。结果表明，儿童重度先天性上睑下垂可以采用提上睑肌缩短术治疗，肌力小于４ｍｍ者，全麻下平均缩短提上睑肌２５ｍｍ（２４～２８ｍｍ），９０％获得满意疗效；缩短量为２１～２３ｍｍ时，５７％欠矫，４３％满意；缩短量小于２１ｍｍ，７只眼全部欠矫（１００％）。本文还讨论了手术并发症的预防和处理。     

提上睑肌缩短术矫正重度先天性上睑下垂效果观察

目的:现察提上睑肌缩短术矫正重度先天性上睑下垂的效果.方法:采用提上睑肌缩短术矫正量度先天性上睑下垂62例87眼.结果:本组病例中,完全矫正65眼(74.7%),基本矫正18眼(20.7%),复发4眼(4.6%).无过矫病例.结论:采用提上睑肌缩短术矫正重度上睑下垂,可取得良好的手术效果.     

改良上睑提肌缩短术治疗中度和重度上睑下垂

目的 探讨应用改良上睑提肌缩短术治疗中、重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效.方法 对30例中、重度先天性上睑下垂患者(包括2例上睑下垂术后欠矫和复发患者),采用联合睑板切除的上睑提肌缩短术.术中睑板切除量根据睑板的宽度设计,上睑提肌切除量＝(上提量-睑板切除宽度)× (4～5) mm.并分离睑结膜和上睑提肌,切除一定量的睑结膜以防止结膜脱垂,对术后效果进行随访观察.结果 30例除3例矫正不足外,余均获得良好上提效果,上睑缘弧度自然,无严重并发症,仅少数患者早期有轻度睑裂闭合不全.结论 改良上睑提肌缩短术适用于中、重度先天性上睑下垂患者及上睑下垂术后欠矫的患者,在矫正畸形和改善外观方面均能达到良好的效果.掌握手术操作要点,有助于在功能和外形上取得满意效果.     

提上睑肌缩短前徙术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂疗效观察

目的：评价经皮肤入路提上睑肌缩短前徙术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的手术效果。方法：重度先天性上睑下垂64例（82只眼），提上睑肌活动度在4m以下，行经皮肤入路提上睑肌缩短前徙术。手术采用经典术式，术后严密观察上睑位置，随诊6～24个月。结果：术后3例在观察期间出现回退或欠矫，2例经再次手术矫正．术后一周内7例出现轻度暴露性角膜炎，经治疗好转。结论：大部分重度先天性上睑下垂可通过提上睑肌缩短前徙手术恢复容貌，精细手术操作能有效避免手术并发症。     

提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的:观察提上睑肌缩短术治疗肌力＜4 mm的重度先天性上睑下垂的效果.方法:对肌力在4 mm以下的重度先天性上睑下垂71例86眼行提上睑肌缩短术,观察并分析术后上睑的高度,睑裂宽度,上睑的弧度及重睑形态结果:本组患者71例( 86眼)中治愈81只眼,占94.19％;欠矫4只眼,占4.65％;过矫1只眼,占1.16％;结论:提上睑肌缩短术是治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的有效方法.     

上睑提肌缩短联合睑板部分切除矫正重度先天性上睑下垂效果观察

目的:探讨上睑提肌缩短联合睑板部分切除术矫正重度上睑下垂的疗效。方法:对重度先天性上睑下垂44例49眼进行手术治疗,其中行上睑提肌缩短联合睑板部分切除术共24例26眼,额肌瓣悬吊术20例23眼,术后对上睑缘位置、上睑的弧度形态、眼睑闭合度及并发症情况进行随访,并据此评价手术疗效。结果:术后随访3~24个月,行上睑提肌缩短联合睑板部分切除术后上睑下垂矫正较满意,术后形态较好,并发症发生率低,明显优于额肌瓣悬吊术患者,二者差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:上睑提肌缩短联合睑板部分切除术,符合眼睛的正常生理结构,术后并发症少,疗效满意。     

额肌悬吊术在儿童先天性上睑下垂中的应用效果

分析为儿童先天性上睑下垂患者实施额肌悬吊术的临床效果。方法 选取苏州大学附属儿童 医院2017年1月-2022年12月收治的86例先天性上睑下垂患儿作为研究对象，按照上睑下垂程度分为对照 组（中度）和观察组（重度），每组43例。对照组采用提上睑肌缩短术，观察组采用额肌瓣悬吊术，比较 两组临床矫正效果、眼睑恢复情况及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组矫正有效率为97.67%，高于对照组的 86.05%，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）；两组术后1、3、6个月眼睑恢复情况优于术前，且观察组优于对 照组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）；观察组并发症发生率为18.60%，低于对照组的39.53%，差异有统计 学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论 对先天性上睑下垂患儿实施额肌悬吊术，可提升患儿外貌美观度，改善眼睑情 况，在提升治疗效果的同时，降低并发症发生率，有效性和安全性较高。     

应用提上睑肌缩短术与额肌瓣悬吊术治疗先天性上睑下垂

目的 应用提上睑肌缩短术与额肌瓣悬吊术治疗先天性上睑下垂,依据睑下垂程度寻求最佳手术选择.方法 对47例不同程度的先天性上睑下垂患者进行了手术治疗,其中28例上睑提肌肌力在2 mm以上者选择了提上睑肌缩短术,其中28例上睑提肌肌力之间者选择了额肌瓣悬吊术;19例上睑提肌肌力在0 mm～2 mm之间者选择了额肌瓣悬吊术.结果 采用上睑肌缩短术28例,术后双眼对称者20例,6例患眼较健侧低1 mm,2例相差2 cm;采用额肌瓣悬吊术19例,术后双眼对称者12例,5例相差1 mm,2例相差2 mm.两种手术方法比较,适用提上睑肌缩短术的患者上睑皱襞弧度自然,美容效果明显.结论 额肌瓣悬吊术适用于上睑提肌肌力为2 mm以下的重度患者;上睑提肌肌力在2 mm以上的患者宜采用提上睑肌缩短术矫正,能达到提上睑功能和美容效果最大程度的恢复与改善.     

大龄先天性髋脱位股骨与骨盆截骨的疗效观察

目的：探讨股骨截骨与髋臼成形在纠正先天性髋脱位畸形中的作用。方法：以股骨短缩及旋转截骨为主的一期综合手术矫正先天性髋脱位的全部畸形。结果：术后三年随访评分；手术矫正的30髋中，优23髋、良3髋，优良率86.7%，可2髋，差2髋。结论：关节间的压力和髋臼的包容差是引起并发症的关键所在。以股骨短缩及旋转截骨为主的综合手术是大龄先天性髋脱位纠正畸形的理想手术。     

Eyebrow position recognition and correction in reconstructive and cosmetic surgery

OBJECTIVES: To improve (1) recognition of eyebrow ptosis, asymmetry, or deformity and (2) selection of the appropriate surgical technique based on the patient's underlying etiology. DESIGN: Nonrandomized, retrospective study of patients undergoing surgical correction of eyebrow asymmetry. Forty consecutive patients were identified as having asymmetric eyebrow ptosis or deformity. Varying etiologies included those that were congenital, posttraumatic, age-related, iatrogenic, or idiopathic, with or without facial nerve paralysis. Patients underwent a variety of surgical approaches for correction of the eyebrow malposition, including transblepharoplasty, midforehead, coronal, and endoscopic procedures. Preoperative evaluation of patients, identification of patient-specific appropriate surgical technique, and photographs and grading of postoperative results are discussed. RESULTS: All patients had a minimum follow-up period of at least 4 months (mean, 15 months; range, 4 months to 3 years). Preoperative and postoperative photographs were obtained and graded. Complete symmetry was achieved in 8 patients (20%), considerable improvement in 23 patients (57%), modest improvement in 7 patients (18%), and no improvement in 2 patients (5%). No notable postoperative complications were reported. Recommendations for improving results are included. CONCLUSIONS: The key to correction of eyebrow ptosis in patients undergoing reconstructive and cosmetic surgery is to first recognize the asymmetry. It is also important to note the effect of reconstructive and cosmetic surgical procedures on eyebrow position in order to limit the need to perform additional procedures to correct resultant eyebrow asymmetries and deformities. Finally, the surgeon must consider which eyebrow-lift technique is optimal for the patient's underlying etiology to improve postoperative results and patient satisfaction.     

Modified technique and ptosis clamp for surgical correction of congenital pediatric ptosis by anterior levator resection

Congenital ptosis is due to a dysgenesis of the levator complex with the levator muscle being replaced by fatty and fibrous tissue. This dysfunction of the levator muscle gives rise to the classic triad of findings in congenital ptosis, including ptosis in the primary position, lagophthalmos in downgaze, and a poorly formed eyelid crease. There are traditionally two ways to surgically correct congenital ptosis, levator resection and frontalis suspension (by utilizing a myriad of both autogenous and synthetic materials). Although frontalis suspension is the more utilized surgical option for the correction of congenital ptosis, the complication rate due to the use of synthetic materials is not insignificant. Many surgeons feel that the contour and appearance of the eyelid following levator resection is superior to the frontalis suspension technique. Thus, levator resection for congenital ptosis can be one of the most satisfactory and physiologically normal of the ptosis procedures. Surgery for congenital ptosis can however be unpredictable in outcome. We propose a modified technique for levator resection as well as a newly designed and modified Berke ptosis clamp for levator resection surgery. Postoperative results with the modified technique as well as clamp have been very encouraging with excellent postoperative lid contour and height. The author has utilized this clamp and modified technique in over 350 lid surgeries over the past ten years.     

单边轨道式延长外固定支架牵张治疗肱骨短缩合并近端畸形

目的探讨应用单边轨道式延长外固定支架治疗肱骨短缩合并近端畸形的疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年3月至2018年4月上海交通大学附属第六人民医院骨科采用单边轨道式外固定支架治疗的10例肱骨短缩合并近端畸形患者资料。男8例,女2例;年龄15~27岁,平均19.6岁。肱骨短缩伴近端内翻8例,伴肱骨近端内翻并后凸畸形2例;肱骨短缩6~11 cm,平均8.5 cm。上臂外侧置入半钉,安装单边外固定支架,于近端截骨后即时矫正肱骨近端畸形,中段截骨后予以缓慢延长。根据Cattaneo等制定的标准评价肢体功能。结果所有患者术后均获随访,时间15~41个月(平均20个月)。延长长度5~12 cm(平均7.5 cm);肩关节外展幅度平均为160°(130°~180°),比术前(平均90°)改善。9例患者延长区成骨良好,1例因延长区成骨不良,进行了自体髂骨移植后愈合。未出现钉道深部感染、桡神经损伤等并发症。肢体功能根据Cattaneo等的标准:8例9侧肢体为优,2例为良。结论单边轨道式延长外固定支架是治疗肱骨短缩合并近端畸形的可靠选择,掌握外固定支架安装技术,防治并发症可以获得满意的疗效。     

Limb lengthening with simultaneous correction of deformities]

In congenital malformation of the limbs the shortening of the extremity appears frequently together with its deformity. With Ilizarov's apparatus the limb may be lengthened simultaneously with the correction of the deformity. In spite of the fact that the use of the apparatus is rather complicated and complications are frequent, in 75 cases out of 102 excellent, in 23 good results were achieved. The various indications and results are demonstrated in 7 cases.