高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术

目的探讨高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术的疗效。方法表面麻醉下对48例89眼高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。结果眼轴26．0—29．9mm组，术后3个月视力≥0．5者55眼，占61．80％；眼轴≥30mm组，术后3个月视力≥0．5者13眼，占14．61％。结论超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视白内障患者能够明显改善患者的视力。     

超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术治疗超高度近视白内障疗效分析

目的探讨超高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的疗效。方法局部麻醉下对42例59眼超高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。结果眼轴27～30mm组，术后3个月矫正视力≥0．3者35眼，占85．37％；眼轴≥30mm组，术后3个月矫正视力≥0．3者10眼，占55．56％。结论超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗超高度近视白内障患者能改善患者的视力。     

高度近视合并白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入疗效观察

目的观察超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视白内障患者的临床疗效。方法对51例（56只眼）高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术。56只眼眼轴长度26．09～32．24mm,其中26．09～29mm者41只眼,〉29mm者15只眼。观察术后视力及并发症。随诊时间3个月～2年。结果眼轴≤29mm组术后1个月视力≥0．5者37眼,占90．24％;眼轴〉29mm组术后1月视力≥0．5者7只眼,占46．67％（P〈0．05）。无角膜失代偿及视网膜脱离。影响术后视力主要原因为高度近视所致眼底病变。结论超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视白内障具有视力恢复较好、矫正屈光不正等优点,是高度近视白内障较有效、安全、理想的手术方式,眼轴〉29mm组恢复程度较差,但较术前均有不同程度的增加。     

高度近视白内障超声乳化摘除术疗效观察

目的 探讨高度近视白内障超声乳化摘除及后房型人工晶状体植入术的疗效。方法 2001年9月至2003年10月对68例(78只眼)高度近视白内障施行透明角膜切口超声乳化摘除及后房型人工晶状体植入术。结果 术后第1天，裸眼视力≥0．5者32只眼．占41．03％；术后1周矫正视力≥0．5者42只眼，占53．85oA；1月≥0．5者46只眼，占58．97％；3月≥0．5者48只眼，占61．54％。术后远视力均较术前矫正视力提高一排以上。术中术后无明显并发症发生。仅有1例术后6月发生视网膜脱离。结论 高度近视白内障超声乳化摘除及后房型人工晶状体植入术具有术后视力恢复快、无严重并发症等优点。视力提高程度与患者高度近视眼底病变有关。     

高度近视超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术

目的 评价高度近视白内障超声乳化吸出及后房型人工晶状体植入术的效果。方法 对45例（58眼）高度近视白内障行巩膜隧道切口超声乳化吸出、植入5．5mmPMMA硬性人工晶状体于囊袋内。平均年龄57．3岁（42－72岁）。平均眼轴长28．2mm（26．3－32．8mm）。Ⅱ级核12例，Ⅲ级核44眼，Ⅳ级核2眼。结果 术后1月，裸眼或矫正视力≥0．5者44眼占75．8％，其中眼轴长26－30mm组42眼占95．5％，眼轴＞30mm组2眼占4．5％。矫正视力≤0．1者3眼，均有明显而广泛的高度近视性黄斑病变。结论 高度近视白内障超声乳化吸出及后房人工晶状体植入术后视力恢复较快、较好，但眼轴过长（＞30mm）及眼底黄斑病变严重者，视力恢复较差。     

高度近视白内障超声乳化摘出人工晶状体植入术

目的评价高度近视眼白内障超声乳化摘出术及人工晶状体植入术的疗效.方法对眼轴＞26mm(平均27.46mm)的94例(104眼)高度近视合并白内障患者行超声乳化摘出及人工晶状体植入术.结果术后1月裸眼或矫正视力≥0.5者84眼(80.76%),视力≥1.0者34眼(32.69%).结论高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术具有术后视力恢复快屈光状态稳定等优点,但眼轴＞30mm以上者视力差.     

高度近视晶状体超声乳化吸出及后房型低或负度数人工晶状体植入术

目的 现察高度近视眼的晶状体超声乳化吸出联合低或负度数人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效及预后视力情况。方法 38例47眼老年性、并发性、外伤性白内障及4例6眼高度近视透明晶状体行巩膜隧道切口超卢乳化吸除，通过3．5mm切口植入折叠式人工晶状体13眼，通过5．5mm切口植入硬性PMMA人工晶状体37眼，未植入人工晶状体3眼。平均年龄59．9岁(19—83岁)，眼轴长度＜30mm36眼，≥30mml7眼。人工晶状体度数≤0D6眼，0—10D30眼，＞10D14眼。结果 视力＜0．1者4眼，0．1—0．4者24眼(45．2％)，≥0．5者22眼(41．6％)。眼轴＜30mm组，术后最佳矫正视力≥0．5者17眼，占47．2％，眼轴长度≥30mm组17眼，术后最佳矫正视力≥0.5者5眼，占29．4％．术后无视网膜脱离、黄斑区水肿等严重并发症的发生。结论 高度近视眼晶状体超声乳化吸出及后房低或负度数人工晶状体植入术，具有术后视力恢复快、手术安全、并发症少等优点。     

高度近视白内障超声乳化手术临床观察

目的 探讨高度近视白内障超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入术的效果。方法 对18例（19眼）高度近视并发白内障施行巩膜膀隧道切口超声乳化吸出，通过5．5mm切口植入PMMA硬性人工晶状体。结果 术后1周裸眼视力：0．12－0．3者占57．8％矫正视力＞0．4者占42．11％。结论 高度近视并发白内障选择超声乳化吸出具有术后视力恢复快，术后并发症少等优点。     

高度近视白内障乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术

目的：评价高度近视白内障超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术的效果。方法：眼轴＞26mm的高度近视合并白内障74例（102眼）。其中Ⅱ级核4眼，Ⅲ级核78眼，Ⅳ级核14眼，V级核6眼，施行超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术。结果：术后1月裸眼视力≥0．5者53眼（51．96％）；矫 正视力≥0．5者70眼（68．63％）。并发症主要包括后囊破裂4眼（3．92％）。角膜水肿7眼（6．86％），视网膜脱离2眼（1．96％），后囊不同程度浑浊6眼（5．89％）。结论：超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术适合于高度近视合并白内障的患者，但对棕色或黑色的V级核应慎重考虑其术式，以减少术中并发症的发生。     

高度近视透明晶状体乳化吸出人工晶状体植入

目的 观察高度近视透明晶状体及合并白内障超声乳化吸出后房型硬性人工晶状体植入的效果。方法 42例(58眼)。透明晶状体12例(22眼)，合并白内障30例(36眼)。均行晶状体超声乳化吸出，5．5mm自闭式巩膜隧道切口植入PMMA硬性人工晶状体，随访3月～1年，观察术后视力及并发症。结果 透明晶状体组：术后1周及3月～1年，视力≥0．3者分别为100％、95．5％；白内障组视力≥0．3者分别为66．7％，72．2％。并发症：透明晶状体组无特殊并发症；白内障组，1眼后囊破裂，2眼角膜中度水肿，6眼后发障(1眼激光治疗)。结论 高度近视晶状体超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入安全有效。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.