葡萄糖氧化酶发酵动力学的研究

利用恒化器研究了葡萄糖氧化酶（ＧＯＤ）发酵动力学，建立了较为合理的恒化培养系统。对采集的数据用计算机进行回归，求得最大比生长速率μｍａｘ＝０．２２５ｈ－１、饱和常数Ｋｓ＝８．９１ｇ／Ｌ、基质得率系数ＹＧｍａｘ＝０．４９ｇ／ｇ以及维持系数ｍ＝０．０２ｇ／ｇ·ｈ。并研究了ｐＨ、ＤＯ、ＮＨ２－Ｎ、葡萄糖酸、细胞产率，酶比活及体积产酶速率等参数随比生长速率变化的规律。在Ｄ＝０．１３１ｈ－１下体积产酶速率（ＤＥ）达最大值，为３．４６×１６．６７μｍｏｌ／ｓ·Ｌ·ｈ，是分批发酵最大体积产酶速率（１．５３×１６．６７μｍｏｌ／ｓ·Ｌ·ｈ）的２．２６倍。     

雷公藤巴布剂透皮吸收研究

用雷公藤甲素的３Ｈ标记物作示踪剂,研究了雷公藤巴布剂中雷公藤甲素的离体皮肤渗透速率及辅料对其影响,在体透皮吸收速率及其在体内分布和不同剂量的血药浓度时程曲线。实验结果表明,巴布剂中雷公藤甲素的平均渗透速率为８．０３±１．９８（小鼠皮肤）和７．５４±１．８３（家兔）ｎｇ／ｃｍ２·。其值大于橡皮膏（４．２３±０．６６ｎｇ／ｃｍ２·ｈ）和丙烯酸树酯（４．３５±０．９４ｍｇ／ｃｍ·ｈ）贴剂。在体试验表明,巴布剂中雷公藤甲素透皮吸收速率为７．５１±０．３２ｎｇ／ｃｍ２·ｈ;不同剂量的巴布剂,其血药浓度与剂量呈正相关关系。     

吡罗昔康及其贴剂的体外经皮渗透性的研究

本文对吡罗昔康经由离体裸鼠皮肤的渗透性进行了测定，结果表明吡罗昔康的累积渗透量与时间存在线性关系（Ｑ＝２．２１１ｔ－１．２９，ｒ＝０．９９８），吡罗昔康在磷酸盐缓冲液（ｐＨ７．４）中经由离体裸鼠皮肤的渗透系数为７１９×１０－ｃｍ／ｓ，扩散系数为４．１６×１０－７ｃｍ２／ｓ，滞后时间为０．７２ｈ；本文另以小白鼠皮肤为渗透屏障研究了吡罗昔康贴剂的体外经皮渗透性，考察了具体外的释放行为，结果表明该贴剂体外经皮渗透为零级过程，体外释放为ｔ１／２级过程，该贴剂为皮控型局部用经皮吸收制剂。     

氨茶碱涂膜剂经皮吸收及平喘作用的研究

氨茶碱涂膜剂为一种新颖的骨架型经皮给药系统。采用离体鼠皮进行该涂膜剂的体外渗透试验,并用组胺－乙酰胆碱引喘试验考察其平喘作用。结果表明,涂膜剂中氨茶碱以零级动力学经皮吸收;０～１２ｈ累积渗透量为４０．４％,渗透速率７７．６８μｇ／ｃｍ２·ｈ,本品有显著平喘作用,其作用优于氨茶碱溶液剂。     

双氯灭痛涂膜剂体外透皮扩散研究

本实验采用透皮扩散装置及离体小鼠、大鼠、家兔皮肤,以生理盐水为接受介质,进行了双氯灭痛涂膜剂体外透皮扩散研究。结果表明：双氯灭痛给药剂量为１．５ｍｇ／ｃｍ＾２时,其累积透皮百分率次序为：家兔（７０．９３％）〉小鼠（６２．４３％）〉大鼠（４１．４４）;稳态透皮速率（Ｊ）分别为１０７．０±６．１８,９０．２６±８．７６,６４．９２±１１．４μｇ／ｃｍ＾２·ｈ。     

布洛芬滴丸剂的研制及体外溶出度

目的 :研究柔性纳米脂质体对环孢素经皮渗透的促进作用。方法 :采用改进的Ｆｒａｎｚ扩散池体外经皮渗透实验技术 ,比较普通纳米脂质体、含有表面活性剂胆酸钠的柔性纳米脂质体以及胆酸钠胶团溶液对环孢素的经皮渗透促进作用。结果 :将脂质体胶体溶液非封闭性应用于离体小鼠皮肤表面 ,柔性纳米脂质体促进药物穿透皮肤 ,8ｈ后皮肤药物的透过量为 1.16 μｇ·ｃｍ-2 ,2 4ｈ后透过量达到 1.88μｇ·ｃｍ-2 ,皮肤中药物残留量为 (1.78± 0 .5 1) μｇ·ｃｍ-2 。普通纳米脂质体阻止药物透过皮肤却滞留药物于皮肤中 ,2 4ｈ后残留量为 (0 .72± 0 …     

氮酮对葛缕酮透皮速率的影响

利用离体大鼠皮肤为渗透屏障,研究了祛寒理气涂膜剂中葛缕酮在促吸剂氮酮作用下的透皮效果。用气相色谱法测定葛缕酮。氮酮的促吸作用在一定浓度范围内随着浓度增加而增加,２％的氮酮促吸效果最佳,稳态流量为１７０１．０μｇ·ｃｍ－２。     

克拉霉素胶囊的人体相对生物利用度研究

目的：研究健康中国青年志愿者单剂量口服克拉霉素后的药代动力学和相对生物利用度。方法：采用微生物法测定,血药浓度—时间数据用３Ｐ９７ 程序拟合计算药动学参数与生物利用度。结果：国产克拉霉素胶囊试验品与进口克拉霉素片剂对照品的Ｔｍ ａｘ分别为（１．２６±０．３６） ｈ 和（１．３２±０．３５） ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ分别为（２．４５６±０．４３０） ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和（２．２４６±０．３３８） ｍ ｇ／Ｌ,ＡＵＣ０－ ２４ｈ分别为（１５．１８９±２．７１８） ｍ ｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）和（１５．６５１±２．５５７） ｍ ｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）。经配对ｔ检验、方差分析检验差异无显著性（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。结论：国产克拉霉素胶囊和进口克拉霉素片剂具有生物等效性。     

透皮促渗剂对双乌跌打损伤药方中胡椒碱体外经皮渗透的影响

目的:研究不同透皮促渗剂对复方跌打损伤药方中主要成分胡椒碱体外经皮渗透的促进作用。方法:采用Franz扩散池,选择氮酮、丙二醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）、油酸、薄荷油及其组合作为透皮促渗剂,以预处理的离体小鼠皮肤作为渗透屏障,HPLC 法测定接收液中胡椒碱的含量。结果:与空白对照组相比,除丙二醇以外,其余透皮促渗剂均能显著提高胡椒碱的渗透速率（P<0.05）,其中以氮酮与NMP合用促渗效果最好,渗透速率达到4.49 μg·cm-2·h-1。结论:氮酮与NMP联用的复合促透剂促渗效果最好,适合作为本复方的透皮促渗剂。     

阿奇霉素分散片人体生物利用度及生物等效性对比研究

以藤黄八迭球菌为指示菌,采用微生物法测定 １０ 名志愿者阿奇霉素分散片（实验制剂）和胶囊（参比制剂）经时血药浓度。最低检测限度 ０００５μｇ／ｍ ｌ,线性范围 ００１～０４μｇ／ｍ ｌ。实验采用双交叉单剂口服给药设计,数据经 ３ Ｐ９７ 药代动力学程序处理,阿奇霉素实验制剂和参比制剂主要药物动力学参数 ｋａ为０７２１９±０．０７５５ｈ－ １ 和 ０．７５５２±０．０５９３ｈ－ １,ｔ１／２（α）为 ２．３１８８±０．２４３８ｈ 和 ２．３５１８±０．３８１１ｈ,ｔ１／２ （β）为４１．５８１０ ±２． ２２８５ｈ 和 ４４．１２８３±９．８６４３ｈ, Ｃｍ ａｘ 为 ０．２４５８ ±０．００５８μｇ／ｍ ｌ 和 ０．２３８３±０．００６１μｇ／ｍ ｌ, Ａ Ｕ Ｃ０～１２０为 ０．４１７０±０．０８７４μｇ／（ｍ ｌ·ｈ ）和 ０．３８７７±０．０９６２μｇ／（ｍ ｌ·ｈ ）,实验制剂相对生物利用度为１０７．０５６６％ 。经双单侧ｔ检验和（１２α）置信区间法分析,两种制剂主要药代动力学参数剂型间、阶段间和个体间差异均无显著性（ Ｐ＞ ０．０５）,证实二者具有生物等效性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.