Epinephrine potentiates antipsychotic,but not cataleptogenic effect of haloperidol in rats

Intramuscular injection of haloperidol or epinephrine in a minimum effective dose produces the maximum antipsychotic effect in rat model of schizophrenia, i.e. completely removes stereotypy, hyperlocomotion, and ataxia induced by MK-801. Haloperidol in the specified dose induces catalepsy, while epinephrine exhibits no cataleptogenic effect. Combined intramuscular injection of haloperidol and epinephrine in the threshold doses, ineffective in monotherapy, causes the maximum antipsychotic effect, but not catalepsy. Preliminary anesthesia of the gastric mucosa with 1% lidocaine and blockade of intramural ganglia in the gastric mucosa with hexamethonium completely abolished the potentiated antipsychotic effects produced by combined treatment with haloperidol and epinephrine. Hence, potentiation of the antipsychotic effect of haloperidol with epinephrine is related to stimulation of afferents in the gastric mucosa. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 143, No. 5, pp. 554–556, May, 2007     

Activation of maternal behavior of albino rats after combined treatment with dopamine and opioid receptor antagonists in low doses

We studied the effect of D1/D2 antagonist haloperidol on maternal motivation in nursing albino rats. Haloperidol in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg significantly attenuated parental reactions and motor and exploratory activities. In a lower dose (0.1 mg/kg) the drug produced the same effect on maternal behavior (number of approaches to newborns) without reducing motor activity. The effect of low-dose haloperidol was different after naloxone treatment (0.2 mg/kg intranasally): the number of pup transfers increased significantly. The detected phenomenon indicates good prospects of combined treatment with agents modifying the cerebral dopaminergic and opioid systems as the method for correction of disorders in maternal behavior. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 142, No. 8, pp. 124–127, August, 2006     

Effects of semax against the background of dopaminergic receptor blockade with haloperidol

We studied the neurotropic effects of ACTH(4–10) analog semax against the background of dopaminergic receptors blockade with haloperidol. Intranasal administration of semax (0.05, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/kg) produced virtually no effect on disturbances of orientation and exploratory reactions and motor activity caused by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mg/kg haloperidol. By contrast, preliminary administration of 0.05 mg/kg semax prevented haloperidol-induced disturbances in active avoidance conditioning. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 2, pp. 128–132, February, 2006     

Effects of Preliminary Administration of Haloperidol in Low Doses on the Effects of Haloperidol on Behavioral Reactions and Command Neuron Membrane Potential in Edible Snail

We studied the effects of preliminary administration of haloperidol in low doses on changes in motor activity of edible snail and in electrical properties of defensive behavior command neurons induced by chronic administration of haloperidol. The rate of locomotion decreased after injections of haloperidol preparations (С6, С12, С30, С200 and a mixture С12+С30+С200) for 3 days. Similar changes were observed after 3 days of haloperidol administration. Haloperidol preparations in low doses produced a modulating effect on the decrease in locomotion rate and hyperpolarization of command neurons in edible snails caused by chronic exposure to haloperidol: the decrease in locomotion rate caused by chronic haloperidol treatment was prevented by preliminary injection of haloperidol in low doses С6, С12 and С30; the depolarizing shift of command neuron membrane potential was also abolished after consecutive injection of the same haloperidol preparations С6, С12 and С30.     

The role of dopaminergic system in the immunostimulatory effects of substance P and its analog

Systemic administration of synthetic substance P or its analog EC-1 to CBA mice results in considerable stimulation of immune reactions. No stimulation is observed after disconnection of the hypothalamus from the pituitary. It is concluded that the immunostimulating effect of these peptides is mediated by the dopaminergic system, since it is abolished by the D₂ receptor blocker haloperidol. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 135–137, February, 1997     

Study of bipathic effect of phenazepam

Phenazepam in ultralow doses significantly potentiated anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects of therapeutic doses of the same drug both after preliminary or simultaneous administration, which attests to bipathic action of phenazepam. The combination of ultralow and therapeutic doses of phenazepam prevented the development of its specific myorelaxant and sedative side effects. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 10, pp. 417–419, October, 2007     

Search for potent modulators of cytokine production by macrophages

We compared the effects of Tamerit, Polyoxidony, and Licopid on spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by mouse peritoneal macrophagesin vitro. The test preparations were equally potent in stimulating nonactivated cells. Licopid produced a costimulatory effect on macrophages primed with endotoxin. Tamerit in different doses suppressed cytokine production by cells. Polyoxidony in low doses activated, but in high doses suppressed this process. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 9, pp. 293–295, September, 2004     

Epinephrine potentiates the analgesic and antidepressant effects of amitriptyline as a result of stimulation of the gastric mucosal afferents

Intramuscular amitriptyline in the minimum effective dose causes maximum analgesic and antidepressant effect and significant sedation in rats. Combined injection of amitriptyline with epinephrine in the threshold doses (ineffective if used alone), 1/10 and 1/30 minimum effective doses, respectively, leads to the development of the maximum analgesic and antidepressant effect, but causes no sedative side effect. This potentiation is mediated by stimulation of afferents in the gastric mucosa with epinephrine. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 11, pp. 535–537, November, 2007     

Effect of therapy with atypical antipsychotic drugs on prolactin concentration in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders

Plasma prolactin concentration was measured in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders receiving therapy with risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine and compared with the corresponding parameter in patient receiving typical neuroleptic drug haloperidol. We evaluated the specific effects of the test drugs on prolactin concentration in men and women. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 140, No. 12, pp. 667–669, December, 2005     

Effect of 5HT2C-receptor agonist MK-212 on blood corticosterone level and behavior in mice

A dose-dependent the effect of 5HT_2C-receptor agonist MK-212 on mouse behavior was demonstrated. Intraperitoneal injection of MK-212 in high doses (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) increased blood level of corticosterone in mice and reduced their motor activity. In low doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg, the agonist reduced anxiety, but had no effect on motor activity. It is hypothesized that low doses of MK-212 exhibited anxiolytic activity in mice. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 142, No. 11, pp. 541–544, November, 2006     

Epinephrine potentiates the analgesic and antidepressant effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone and cholecystokinin due to stimulation of afferents in the gastric mucosa

Treatment with epinephrine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and cholecystokinin in the minimum effective doses produced maximum analgesic and antidepressant effects and caused bradycardia in rats. Administration of epinephrine in combination with polyvinylpyrrolidone or cholecystokinin in threshold doses (1/10–1/25 of the minimum effective dose) produced maximum analgesic and antidepressant effects, but did not cause bradycardia. The potentiating effect of epinephrine is related to stimulation of afferents in the gastric mucosa. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 143, No. 3, pp. 321–323, March, 2007     

Effect of γ-radiation on the formation of cell complexes in HeLa cell cultures

The number of cultured HeLa cells forming cell complexes and the number of cells per complex decrease after repeated irradiation (0.1 and 4.9 Gy at a 3-min interval). The modulating effect of small radiation doses is observed only in confluent cultures. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 4, pp. 435–439, April, 1997     

Sister chromatid exchanges at different times after repeated injections of thiophosphamidein vivo

The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes was estimated after three intravenous injections of thiophosphamide in doses of 0.5 and 2 mg/kg body weight at 2-week intervals. It is demonstrated that 24 h after the first injection the frequency is significantly higher than after subsequent injections. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 1, pp. 73–74, January, 1997     

Melphalan in ultralow doses decreases the severity of experimental colitis in mice

We studied the effect of melphalan in ultralow doses on mice with experimental colitis induced by substitution of drinking water for 5% dextran sulfate. Daily treatment with melphalan in a dose of 0.025 mg/kg improved the general state of animals. The influence of melphalan was evaluated by quantitative clinical, pathomorphological, and laboratory parameters. Melphalan had a local and systemic antiinflammatory effect. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 142, No. 10, pp. 418–422, October, 2006     

Study of mutagenic activity of dioxidine by the polyorgan micronuclear method

Antibacterial preparation dioxidine administered four times in doses of 10, 100, and 300 mg/kg increased the incidence of micronucleated cells in the bone marrow, lungs, and large intestine of mice. Bone marrow cells were most sensitive, while cells of the lungs and large intestine exhibited lower sensitivity to the cytogenetic effect of dioxidine. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 8, pp. 188–190, August, 2004     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vivo</Emphasis> study of dihydroquercetin genotoxicity

Genotoxic properties of dihydroquercetin were in vivo studied by the method of chromosome aberrations counting and DNA-comet assay. Dihydroquercetin administered repeatedly (5 times, 0.15 and 1.5 mg/kg) or once in doses of 15, 150, and 2000 mg/kg induced no DNA damages in mouse bone marrow, blood, liver, and rectal cells. Single administration of this preparation in doses of 1.5 and 150 mg/kg and 5-fold administration in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg had no effect on the level of chromosome aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 3, pp. 309–312, March, 2008     

Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on avoidance behavior of adult male rats

We studied the effect of repeated intraperitoneal treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone in doses of 0.1 and 0.7 mg/kg on conditioned-response activity and behavior of adult male rats. The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on learning was estimated in conditioned active and passive avoidance response paradigms. Chronic administration of dehydroepiandrosterone in low and high doses had no effect on retention of conditioned passive avoidance response in adult male rats 24 h after learning. However, chronic administration of dehydroepiandrosterone in low dose impaired acquisition of the conditioned active avoidance response. It should be emphasized that chronic administration of dehydroepiandrosterone in high dose did not modulate acquisition and retention of this reaction. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 7, pp. 63–67, July, 2004 This work was supported by the Regional Social Foundation for Russian Medicine.     

Modulation of Phagocytic Activity of Blood Polynuclear Leukocytes with Ozonized Physiological Saline

We studied the effect of ozonized physiological saline on phagocytic properties of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes from dog blood. Intravenous infusion of the examined doses of ozonized saline stimulated phagocytosis. Repeated intravenous infusion (48 h after) of the same dose was followed by a significant decrease in phagocytic capacity of polynuclears. Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 11, pp. 492–494, November, 2008     

The use of micronucleus test for detection of genotoxic damage to the thyroid gland

We studied the possibility of using the micronucleus test in in vivo experiments on the model of rat follicular thyrocytes prestimulated to cell division (hemithyroidectomy). Single administration of N-nitroso-N-methylurea produced a significant dose-dependent effect on micronucleus formation in thyrocytes and polychromatophilic erythrocytes of the bone marrow. The test system allowed us to reveal a cumulative effect of 2-fold and 4-fold treatment with the mitogen in low or subthreshold doses on the thyroid gland. Our results indicate that the micronucleus test is an informative method for the analysis of the effect of genotoxic agents on the thyroid parenchyma. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 1, pp. 99–102, January, 2006     

Inversion of the response to serotonin in rats with traumatic shock

Normally serotonin reduced blood pressure. It was shown that in rats with traumatic shock its hypotensive effect was transformed into hypertensive one. In vitro serotonin exhibited a slight vasoconstrictor effect on isolated rat aorta, while 24 h after injury, the strength of aortic contractions in response to serotonin increased 2.2 times. Desensitization of glucocorticoid receptors caused by injection of high doses of dexamethasone (3 mg/kg) to rats for 5 days led to similar changes in serotonin effect. We hypothesized that inversion of the response to serotonin in shock was caused by increased activity and/or expression of vasoconstrictor serotonin receptors in blood vessels. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 3, pp. 266–269, March, 2008