糖耐量减低患者内皮依赖性舒张功能和血浆一氧化氮及内皮素的变化

目的　观察糖耐量减低 (IGT)对血管内皮功能的影响。方法　选择 32例糖耐量减低患者 ,测定血一氧化氮、内皮素的水平 ,并应用高分辨力超声测量右肱动脉在静息时 (基础内径 )、反应性充血 (流量介导血管舒张 )和舌下含服硝酸甘油时 (含服硝酸甘油介导血管舒张 )舒张末期内径。取 34例查体健康者作为对照组。结果　糖耐量减低组血一氧化氮水平明显低于对照组 (P <0 . 0 0 1) ,内皮素水平显著高于对照组 (P <0 . 0 0 1) ,肱动脉流量介导血管舒张程度较对照组明显降低 (P <0 . 0 0 1) ,而两组间硝酸甘油介导血管舒张程度和基础内径与对照组相比差异无显著性 (P >0 . 0 5 )。结论　IGT患者内皮依赖性舒张功能及NO水平显著降低 ,ET水平显著升高 ,提示糖耐量减低患者存在着明显的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍及内皮功能受损。     

糖耐量异常患者肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的变化

目的：探讨糖耐量异常患者（IGT）肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的变化。方法：采用高分辨率超声测定68例糖耐量异常患者和50例正常人（NC）血流介导的肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能。结果：糖耐量异常组血管内皮依赖性舒张功能较正常对照组降低（P〈0．001）。结论：糖耐量异常对人内皮依赖性血管舒张功能造成损伤。     

糖耐量减低患者内皮依赖性舒张功能和血浆一氧化氮及内皮素的变换

目的观察糖耐量减低(IGT)对血管内皮功能的影响.方法选择32例糖耐量减低患者,测定血一氧化氮、内皮素的水平,并应用高分辨力超声测量右肱动脉在静息时(基础内径)、反应性充血(流量介导血管舒张)和舌下含服硝酸甘油时(含服硝酸甘油介导血管舒张)舒张末期内径.取34例查体健康者作为对照组.结果糖耐量减低组血一氧化氮水平明显低于对照组(P＜0.001),内皮素水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.001),肱动脉流量介导血管舒张程度较对照组明显降低(P＜0.001),而两组间硝酸甘油介导血管舒张程度和基础内径与对照组相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 IGT患者内皮依赖性舒张功能及NO水平显著降低,ET水平显著升高,提示糖耐量减低患者存在着明显的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍及内皮功能受损.     

维生素C对葡萄糖负荷后血管内皮功能的保护作用

目的 探讨维生素C对急性高血糖所致内皮功能损伤的保护作用.方法 选择正常健康人10例、2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者20例.所有对象行75g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT).其中,T2DM患者分为2组(各10例):单纯OGTT组和OGTT 维生素C组.均分别于OGTT 0、60、120min采用高分辩血管外超声法检测肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和硝酸甘油(GNT)介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能.结果 在OGTT 试验中,单纯OGTT组和OGTT 维生素C组0、60、120min内皮依赖性血管舒张功能分别明显高于对照组(P<0.05).与0min相比,单纯OGTT组和OGTT 维生素C组60min内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显降低,120min又明显回升(P<0.05).与单纯OGTT组比较,OGTT 维生素C组60、120min内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显增高(P<0.01),而0min 2组相似.单纯OGTT组和OGTT 维生素C组在基础状态下,LDL-C、Lp(a)、 FBG、 HbA1c与内皮依赖性血管舒张功能呈负相关(P<0.01).在OGTT中,单纯OGTT组和OGTT 维生素C组血糖与内皮依赖性血管舒张功能负相关(P<0.05).结论 高血糖快速抑制内皮依赖性血管舒张功能.提示延长或反复的餐后高血糖在糖尿病血管并发症的发生与发展中起重要作用.维生素C对急性高血糖所致内皮功能损伤具有明显保护作用.可能是通过维生素C保护NO免遭超氧阴离子和其它氧自由基的灭活起作用.     

OSAS合并心血管病患者血管内皮功能及颈动脉内膜中层厚度的变化

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者以及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征合并心血管病患者的血管内皮功能、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及斑块的变化及相互关系。方法对24例OSAS患者分为单纯OSAS组11例及OSAS合并合并心血管病患者组13例,20例健康对照组采用高分辨超声检测肱动脉基础动脉内径(D0)、内皮依赖性血流介导的舒张功能(FMD)、非内皮依赖性硝酸甘油介导的舒张功能(NID)、颈动脉超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度和斑块。结果OSAS合并心血管病组的FMD,NID均低于单纯OSAS组及对照组(P<0·05);而单纯OSAS组的FMD,NID亦均低于对照组(P<0·05);OSAS合并心血管病组的IMT和颈动脉粥样斑块检出率明显高于单纯OSAS组及对照组(P<0·01)。结论OSAS患者存在内皮功能紊乱,OSAS合并心血管病者内皮功能紊乱更严重,同时伴IMT增厚及劲动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率增加。     

糖耐量低减患者血管内皮舒张功能的超声评价

目的探讨糖耐量低减患者血管内皮舒张功能的超声检测价值。方法选取就诊的糖耐量低减患者50例为实验组,随机选取体检的健康者50例为对照组。所有对象均空腹常规生化测定总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)。根据Celermajer介绍的超声评价血管内皮舒张功能的方法进行肱动脉血管内皮舒张功能的测定,包括肱动脉血流量和内径的变化。结果两组患者含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉血流量变化率、含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉内径、反应性充血的变化率之间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论糖耐量低减患者存在一定程度的血管内皮舒张功能障碍和损伤,在临床治疗中应注意给药并加强预防和控制。     

原发性高血压及高血压合并糖耐量异常患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的研究

目的:探讨原发性高血压及高血压合并糖耐量异常患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能损伤的变化。方法:对单纯高血压(n=30)、高血压合并糖耐量异常(n=30)患者及正常人(n=20)采用高分辨率超声技术检测血流介导的肱动脉舒张功能(FMD),并分别测定血清一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果:与正常对照组比较,单纯高血压、高血压合并糖耐量异常患者FMD、NO、SOD水平明显下降(P<0.05),MDA的水平明显升高(P<0.05);与单纯高血压组比较,高血压合并糖耐量异常组FMD、NO、SOD水平明显下降(P<0.05),MDA的水平明显升高(P<0.05)。经直线相关分析显示,血清NO、FMD与SOD呈正相关(P<0.05),血清NO、FMD与MDA呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:原发性高血压及高血压合并糖耐量异常患者血管内皮明显受损,在高血压基础上合并糖耐量异常将进一步导致血管内皮依赖性舒张功能受损。     

糖尿病前期患者大血管病变的超声研究

目的:通过超声检查糖尿病前期(葡萄糖耐量低减IGT和空腹血糖调节受损IFG)患者的大动脉声像图表现情况及血管内皮舒张功能,探讨该期患者大血管的损害程度。方法:选择经临床诊断为IGT、IFG患者55例,同时选择健康人群30例作为对照。采用超声检查颈动脉、股动脉内膜-中层厚度及斑块情况,然后测定肱动脉内皮依赖性(EDV)和非内皮依赖性舒张功能。结果:糖尿病前期组颈动脉及股动脉内中膜厚度较对照组均显著增厚,回声不均匀。糖尿病前期患者颈动脉和股动脉动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率(33%)高于正常对照组(16%)。糖尿病前期各组EDV均较正常对照组降低,而IFG伴IGT组又较IFG组和IGT组减低。硝酸甘油介导的血管扩张在各组间无显著差异性。结论:糖尿病前期患者即有动脉粥样硬化的表现,并存在着血管内皮舒张功能障碍,而同时有IGT和IFG的患者血管内皮舒张功能损害更重。     

2型糖尿病患者肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能变化的研究

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者内皮功能的变化。方法：选择50例2型糖尿病患者,和年龄、性别匹配的健康个体30例。采用高分辩血管外超声法检测肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和硝酸甘油(GNT)介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能。结果：2型 DM 组血流介导的血管舒张功能为3.22%,明显低于对照组的4.90%(P＜0.05)。基础血管内径、基础血流、GNT 介导的血管舒张功能在2组间无明显差异(P＞0.05)。结论：2型糖尿病患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能降低。     

伊贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的 研究国产新型血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂伊贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法 应用2-D多普勒超声心动图观察30例原发性高血压患者口服伊贝沙坦(每日150-300mg)治疗16周前后内皮依赖性舒血管功能的变化。结果 肱动脉加压前后(流量介导的血管舒张，反映内皮依赖性舒血管功能)的血管内径变化百分比在治疗后明显增加；而含服硝酸甘油前后(硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张，反映非内皮依赖性舒血管功能)肱动脉内径变化百分比在治疗后无明显变化。结论 伊贝沙坦可以改善内皮依赖性舒血管功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.