一个Waardenburg综合征患儿家系的PAX3基因突变分析

目的分析一个Waardenburg综合征患儿家系成员的临床表现和基因突变。方法收集1个Waardenburg综合征患者家系的临床资料,并对此家系5位成员的PAX3基因的蛋白编码序列进行测序分析。结果患儿及其母亲具有典型的Waardenburg综合征I型的听力障碍、内眦异位以及色素异常的临床特征,均携带PAX3基因ivs5-1G>A杂合致病突变;患儿父亲、外祖父母PAX3基因序列测序分析均未见异常。结论在一个Waardenburg综合征患儿家系发现未见报道的PAX3基因新发突变,基因诊断是确诊Waardenburg综合征型别的重要手段。     

Waardenburg综合征Ⅱ型一家系基因突变研究

目的研究Waardenburg Syndrome(瓦登伯格综合征)Ⅱ型一个家系病例的分子病因,丰富对Waardenburg综合征Ⅱ型(WS2型)的基因诊断及遗传咨询的认识。方法采集1个Waardenburg综合征Ⅱ型家系,问卷式调查留取临床资料,签署知情同意书获得先证者及一级亲属血样。提取血基因组DNA,聚合酶链反应扩增MITF、SNAI2、EDNRB、EDN3、SOX10、PAX3基因编码区全部外显子,在ABI自动测序仪上双向测序,利用GeneTool软件及生物信息学网站判读分析数据。结果在一个Waardenburg综合征Ⅱ型家系中未找到已知WS2型相关基因MITF、SNAI2、EDNRB、EDN3、SOX10、PAX3的病理性突变。结论 Waardenburg综合征Ⅱ型还存在新的致病基因,下一步需要利用全外显子组测序技术对本家系进行致病基因的研究。     

Waardenburg综合征II型中国家系MITF基因突变分析

目的探讨Waardenburg综合征II型中国家系的临床和分子遗传学特征。方法收集两个Waardenburg综合征II型中国家系详细的临床资料并绘制家系图谱,签署知情同意书获取血样。聚合酶链反应扩增MITF基因编码区的全部外显子,在ABI3100自动测序仪上进行正反向测序,利用GeneTool软件及遗传学网站的信息分析数据。结果Waardenburg综合征II型临床表现变异较大,不是所有的患者均满足Waardenburg综合征II型的诊断标准,眼睛色素分布异常(蓝虹膜)和正常的内眦间距是临床上最常见的表型特征。MITF基因第1、7号外显子在两个家系中分别检测到一个错义突变和一个缺失突变,50例正常对照组均未检测到这两种突变。结论本文对两个Waardenburg综合征II型家系做出分子水平的基因诊断,其详细的临床资料有助于对该综合征的进一步认识;新的基因突变位点不仅丰富了人类基因突变数据库,而且为更好地了解MITF基因的功能提供了新的线索。     

Waardenburg综合征Ⅳ型患儿SOX10基因新突变研究

目的通过分析研究一例Waardenburg综合征Ⅳ型(WS4)散发病例患儿的分子遗传学病因,丰富该致病基因突变谱,为WS4遗传咨询提供新的证据,并对该综合征相关的SOX10基因所有无义突变进行文献回顾和总结。方法收集一个WS4患儿的详细临床资料,签署知情同意书后获取血样,对包括SOX10、EDNRB、EDN3在内的172个先天性巨结肠及综合征相关基因进行二代测序,并用聚合酶链反应针对可疑致病突变进行扩增及Sanger测序验证,应用Gene Tool软件及生物信息学网站的信息分析数据。结果发现患儿SOX10基因第4外显子存在一杂合无义突变(c.838G>T,p.E280X),父母均表现正常且未发现有该突变。结论发现一新的SOX10基因致病突变,丰富了致WS4的SOX10基因突变谱,并为父母提供再生育患儿的风险评估及必要的产前诊断咨询。     

Waardenburg综合征Ⅱ型中国家系MITF基因突变分析

目的 探讨Waardenburg综合征Ⅱ型中国家系的临床和分子遗传学特征。方法收集两个Waardenburg综合征Ⅱ型中国家系详细的临床资料并绘制家系圈谱，签署知情同意书获取血样。聚合酶链反应扩增MITF基因编码区的全部外显子，在ABI3100自动测序仪上进行正反向测序，利用GeneTool软件及遗传学网站的信息分析数据。结果Waardenburg综合征Ⅱ型临床表现变异较大，不是所有的患者均满足Waardenburg综合征Ⅱ型的诊断标准，眼睛色素分布异常（蓝虹膜）和正常的内眦间距是临床上最常见的表型特征。MITF基因第1，7号外显子在两个隶系中分别检测到一个错义突变和一个缺失突变，50例正常对照组均未检测到这两种突变。结论本文对两个Waardenburg综合征Ⅱ型家系做出分子水平的基因诊断，其详细的临床资料有助于对该综合征的进一步认识；新的基因突变位点不仅丰富了人类基因突变数据库，而且为更好地了解MITF基因的功能提供了新的线索。     

新型PAX3基因突变导致WaardenburgⅠ型综合征

目的报道一个Waardenburg Ⅰ型综合征(waardenburg syndrome,WS)家系的新型PAX3突变。方法通过全基因组测序的方法检测家系各成员的基因突变,结合遗传谱系分析研究其遗传特点。结果该WS Ⅰ型家系共有3代11位成员,结合临床诊断标准,先证者及其母亲确诊为WS I,结合基因组测序结果,两位患者以及先证者的外祖母存在PAX3基因c.358GT突变,该突变为PAX3基因的新型突变,预测其可导致120Glu无义突变为终止子,从而致病。结论该WS I家系存在一新型的PAX3突变,有一定的遗传指导意义。     

新型PAX3基因突变导致Waardenburg I型综合征

报道一个Waardenburg I型综合征(waardenburg syndrome, WS)家系的新型PAX3突变。通过全基因组测序的方法检测家系各成员的基因突变，结合遗传谱系分析研究其遗传特点。该WS I型家系共有3代11位成员，结合临床诊断标准，先证者及其母亲确诊为WS I，结合基因组测序结果，两位患者以及先证者的外祖母存在PAX3基因c.358Ggt;T突变，该突变为PAX3基因的新型突变，预测其可导致120Glu无义突变为终止子，从而致病。该WS I家系存在一新型的PAX3突变，有一定的遗传指导意义。     

Ⅱ型Waardenburg综合征患儿二例基因诊断分析

目的通过对2例中国云南地区Ⅱ型Waardenburg综合征(WS2)患儿相关基因突变位点的分析,探讨WS2可能的分子生物学致病原因。方法经知情同意,分别于2018年10月和2019年5月对2例WS2先证者及家系成员进行病史采集、体格检查、听力学评估及颞骨CT检查。获取外周血,提取基因组DNA, 高通量测序方法对MITF、PAX3、SOX10、SNAI2、END3、ENDRB、KITLG基因编码区的全部外显子及部分内含子和启动子进行检测,对先证者及其父母进行突变位点的Sanger测序验证分析。结果先证者1检测出MITF基因第7外显子c.641643delGAA突变,导致氨基酸改变p.214delR,为整码移码突变,患儿双亲MITF基因序列测序分析该位点无变异,此位点为自发突变。先证者2检测出MITF基因1~9号外显子大片段杂合缺失,影响蛋白质功能的正常发挥。结论基因诊断是确诊Waardenburg综合征的重要依据,MITF基因c.641643delGAA杂合突变和MITF基因1~9号外显子大片段杂合缺失可能是本研究2例WS2患儿的分子生物学致病原因。     

SOX10基因新突变导致一Waardenburg综合征2型家系的分析

目的 通过对WS2的临床分析和候选基因的突变检测,加深对WS2的认识,并探讨Waardenburg综合征2型的分子遗传学特征.方法 收集一就诊于湘雅医院耳鼻咽喉科门诊的湖南家系,做出临床诊断,签署知情同意书获取血样.聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增MITF、SNA12、SOX10基因编码区的全部外显子,扩增的PCR产物酶切后在ABI3100自动测序仪上进行正反向直接测序分析,利用GeneTool软件及遗传学网站的信息分析数据.结果 (1)2位患者诊断为WS2;(2)先证者及先证者母亲的SOXIO基因的编码区找到了一个国内外未曾报道过的杂合子新突变(c.113delG,p.Gly38AlafsX71),在家系中其他成员和100名家系外健康对照者中均未发现此突变.MITF和SNA12基因突变检测均正常.结论 (1)本研究对Waardenburg综合征Ⅱ型一家系进行了临床特征和基因突变分析,有助于对该综合征的进一步认识;(2)所发现的SOX10基冈(c.113delG.p.Gly38AlafsX71)国内外尚未见报道,属新突变,不仅丰富了人类基因突变数据库,而且为更好地了解该基因的功能提供了新的线索;(3)WS2患者在做基因筛查时SOX1O和MITF要作为候选基因.     

Waardenburg综合征的遗传学分析

目的：通过两家系中2例典型的Waardenburg综合征（WS）病例，分析其细胞遗传学改变，探讨该病在中国家系中的遗传异质性。方法：应用问卷调查方法绘制系谱图分析其遗传方式，采集家系部分成员的外周静脉血进行染色体核型分析，结果：在第一家系发现先证者及其父亲，祖父存在第9号染色单体臂间倒位现象，而第二家系的染色体核型未见异常，结论：该综合征在中国家系中表现出明显的遗传异质性，尤其是在其中的一个家系中发现的染色体核型的异常，提示在这个家系中可能存在新的致病基因。     

De novo dominant mutation of SOX10 gene in a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type II

Objective

Waardenburg syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The condition is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigment disturbances of the hair, skin, and iris. The de novo mutation in the SOX10 gene, responsible for Waardenburg syndrome type II, is rarely seen. The present study aimed to identify the genetic causes of Waardenburg syndrome type II in a Chinese family.

Methods

Clinical and molecular evaluations were conducted in a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type II.

Results

A novel SOX10 heterozygous c.259-260delCT mutation was identified. Heterozygosity was not observed in the parents and sister of the proband, indicating that the mutation has arisen de novo. The novel frameshift mutation, located in exon 3 of the SOX10 gene, disrupted normal amino acid coding from Leu87, leading to premature termination at nucleotide 396 (TGA). The high mobility group domain of SOX10 was inferred to be partially impaired.

Conclusion

The novel heterozygous c.259-260delCT mutation in the SOX10 gene was considered to be the cause of Waardenburg syndrome in the proband. The clinical and genetic characterization of this family would help elucidate the genetic heterogeneity of SOX10 in Waardenburg syndrome type II. Moreover, the de novo pattern expanded the mutation data of SOX10.     

全国20个省份/直辖市部分聋哑学校Waardenburg综合征流行病学抽样调查结果

目的为了解Waardenburg综合征在中国人群的发病情况,对全国部分地区的聋校或聋儿康复机构进行抽样调查。方法通过填写问卷式调查表获取耳聋的相关信息,绘制家系的遗传图谱;依据详细的体格检查对病例进行分型诊断。结果对全国18省份（自治区）及2个直辖市的30个聋校或聋儿康复机构的在校学生2466名进行抽样调查,共采集到WS病例17例,构成比为0.69%;其中Ⅰ型病例9例,Ⅱ型病例8例,未收集到Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型病例。结论17例WS病例分布于9个省份（自治区）,而西北四省及华南两省均未发现病例,可能上述地区是WS病例的低发区。我国先天性聋哑儿童患者中WS病例可能低于国外比例。中国耳聋人群中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型为WS的常见类型,Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型可能为少见或罕见类型。     

A novel mutation in PAX3 associated with Waardenburg syndrome type I in a Chinese family

Conclusion The novel compound heterozygous mutation in PAX3 was the key genetic reason for WS1 in this family, which was useful to the molecular diagnosis of WS1. Purpose Screening the pathogenic mutations in a four generation Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type I (WS1). Methods WS1 was diagnosed in a 4-year-old boy according to the Waardenburg syndrome Consortium criteria. The detailed family history revealed four affected members in the family. Routine clinical, audiological examination, and ophthalmologic evaluation were performed on four affected and 10 healthy members in this family. The genetic analysis was conducted, including the targeted next-generation sequencing of 127 known deafness genes combined with Sanger sequencing, TA clone and bioinformatic analysis. Results A novel compound heterozygous mutation c.[169_170insC;172_174delAAG] (p.His57ProfsX55) was identified in PAX3, which was co-segregated with WS1 in the Chinese family. This mutation was absent in the unaffected family members and 200 ethnicity-matched controls. The phylogenetic analysis and three-dimensional (3D) modeling of Pax3 protein further confirmed that the novel compound heterozygous mutation was pathogenic.     

Case of Waardenburg Shah syndrome in a family with review of literature

Waardenburg syndrome is a rare disease characterized by sensorineural deafness in association with pigmentary defects. Depending on additional symptoms, WS have been classified into four types. Waardenburg syndrome type 4, also called as Waardenburg Shah Syndrome is a very rare congenital disorder with astounding variable clinical expression, characterized by pigmentary abnormalities of the hair (A white forelock of hair, premature graying) and pigmentary changes of the iris such as heterochromia or homochromia irides, sensorineural deafness and Hirschsprung disease. Three genes have been bestowed so far in consociation with EDNRB, EDN3, and SOX10 genes. The pattern of inheritance is multifarious with the SOX10 mutation affiliation with autosomal dominant inheritance whereas the EDNRB and EDN3 genes are passed down in an autosomally recessive pattern.     

Waardenburg-Syndrom

BACKGROUND: Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by pigmentary anomalies of the skin, hairs, eyes and various defects of other neural crest derived tissues. It accounts for over 2% of congenital hearing impairment. At least four types are recognized on the basis of clinical and genetic criteria. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Based on a screening of congenitally hearing impaired children, 12 families with WS type II were detected. Of special interest was the phenotype of these families, in particular the reduced penetrance of hearing impairment within the families. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In all cases a high variability of the disease phenotype was detected and the penetrance of the clinical traits varied accordingly. Therefore, it is not possible to predict the clinical phenotype even in a single family. Based on these studies, we plan to identify the pathogenetic cause of the disease in order to perform a detailed genotype/phenotype analysis.     

Waardenburg综合征（附1例报告）

本文报道一例Ｗａａｒｄｅｎｂｕｒｇ综合征患者，结合文献对Ｗａａｒｄｅｎｂｕｒｇ综合征的临床表现、分型、遗传学特征及分子遗传学研究进展进行简要讨论。     

Identification of a de novo mutation of SOX10 in a Chinese patient with Waardenburg syndrome type IV

ObjectivesWaardenburg syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by the association of sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentation abnormalities. Four subtypes have been classified. The present study aimed to analyze the clinical feature and investigate the genetic cause for a Chinese case of Waardenburg type IV (WS4).MethodsThe patient and his family members were subjected to mutation detection in the candidate gene SOX10 by Sanger sequencing.ResultsThe patient has the clinical features of WS4, including sensorineural hearing loss, bright blue irides, premature graying of the hair and Hirschsprung disease. A novel heterozygous frameshift mutation, c.752_753ins7 (p.Gly252Alafs*31) in the exon 5 of SOX10 was detected in the patient, but not found in the unaffected family members and 100 normal controls. This mutation results in a premature stop codon 31 amino acid downstream.ConclusionsThe novel mutation c.752_753ins7 (p.Gly252Alafs*31) arose de novo and was considered as the cause of WS4 in the proband. This study further characterized the molecular complexity of WS4 and provided a clinical case for genotype-phenotype correlation studies of different phenotypes caused by SOX10 mutations.