超常量提上睑肌缩短及额肌瓣悬吊治疗重度先天性上睑下垂效果比较

目的：比较提上睑肌缩短术与额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效与并发症。

方法：对40例58眼重度先天性上睑下垂患者进行手术治疗,其中,20例28眼行额肌腱膜瓣悬吊术,20例30眼行改良的提上睑肌缩短术,术后随访6mo,观察两种手术方式治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的治疗效果及术后并发症的发生情况。

结果：术后随访6mo,提上睑肌缩短术组及额肌瓣悬吊术组治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的正矫率分别为：83%、82%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术后并发症的发生,如倒睫、闭合不全、暴露性角膜炎、结膜脱垂等,提上睑肌缩短术组少于额肌瓣悬吊术组,且有更好的外观。提上睑肌缩短术后6mo复诊时,眼睑闭合不全15眼,暴露性角膜炎共1眼,结膜脱垂2眼; 额肌瓣悬吊术后6mo随诊,眼睑闭合不全23眼,暴露性角膜炎2眼,上睑倒睫3眼。

结论：提上睑肌缩短术及额肌瓣悬吊术均能有效矫正重度先天性上睑下垂,但前者并发症少,术后外观好。     

提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的临床观察

目的观察提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效。方法对确诊为重度先天性上睑下垂的患者行提上睑肌缩短术。结果42只眼,一次手术成功37眼,有5眼欠矫,行二次手术后成功。所有病人均未发生并发症。结论为疗效满意,对重度先天性上睑下垂的患者应首选提上睑肌缩短术。     

两种术式修复上睑下垂额肌瓣悬吊术后重度欠矫的疗效比较

目的:观察上睑下垂额肌瓣悬吊术后重度欠矫的患者再修复的治疗效果.方法:将上睑下垂额肌瓣悬吊术后重度欠矫患者46例67眼随机分为两组:A组23例33眼采用联合筋膜鞘(conjoint fascial sheath,CFS)悬吊术进行修复;B组23例34眼采用Whitnall韧带悬吊术进行修复,术后随访6mo,通过统计分析,比较两种术式的矫正有效率、复发率及术后不良反应.结果:我院采取该两种术式对上睑下垂额肌瓣悬吊术后重度欠矫患者均有较高的矫正有效率,但两种术式矫正有效率的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);Whitnall韧带悬吊术修复的患者复发率小于CFS悬吊术,但差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);CFS悬吊术后眼睑闭合不全发生率小于Whitnall韧带悬吊术,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:CFS悬吊术及Whitnall韧带悬吊术对于额肌瓣悬吊术后重度欠矫的上睑下垂患者均有较高的矫正有效率和较低的复发率,Whitnall韧带悬吊术具有损伤小、易操作等优点,而CFS悬吊术具有可重复性强、眼睑闭合不全发生率低等优点.     

外路法提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的 观察外路法提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的效果.方法 对24例(31只眼)重度先天性上睑下垂患者采用外路法提上睑肌缩短术.结果 29只眼效果良好,2只眼欠矫,术后无并发症发生.结论 外路法提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂在矫正畸形和改善外观方面效果均良好.     

联合筋膜鞘悬吊术和额肌瓣悬吊术治疗中重度上睑下垂的疗效比较

目的:比较联合筋膜鞘悬吊术和额肌瓣悬吊术治疗中重度上睑下垂的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2013-03/2016-03在我院进行治疗的46例68眼中重度上睑下垂患者的临床资料,根据手术方法的不同分为研究组(23例34眼)和对照组(23例34眼),研究组行联合筋膜鞘悬吊术(conjoint fascial sheath,CFS),对照组行额肌瓣悬吊术,对两组患者上睑下垂矫正程度、上睑回退情况、满意度和并发症发生情况进行比较.结果:研究组治疗中重度上睑下垂的正矫率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗后研究组上睑回量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).研究组对治疗的满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).研究组并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:联合筋膜鞘悬吊术治疗中重度上睑下垂具有很高的矫正率,并具有创伤小、并发症少和可重复性强等优点.     

额肌悬吊术和提上睑肌-额肌吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的 比较额肌瓣悬吊术和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效.方法 分析分别采用用额肌瓣悬吊术、提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂98例133只眼,比较两组手术的疗效.结果 额肌瓣悬吊术组和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术组矫正上睑下垂的疗效差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但前者术后有5例睑缘弧度不自然(6.9%),后者术后睑缘弧度均较自然.结论 额肌瓣悬吊术和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术都能有效治疗重度先天性上睑下垂,但后者较符合眼睑生理解剖,术后睑缘弧度更自然.     

改进的上睑提肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的 探讨改进的上睑提肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的临床效果.方法 对38例(46眼)确诊为重度先天性上睑下垂行改进的上睑提肌缩短术,术后随访观察3月-2年.结果 46眼中一次手术成功40眼,另6眼欠矫,3～6月行二次手术成功.所有患者全部矫正满意,外观良好,无并发症发生.结论 改进的上睑提肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂手术成功率高,疗效好.     

三种术式治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效对比

目的:探讨提上睑肌缩短术、额肌瓣悬吊术、阔筋膜悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的效果。方法:手术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂患者42例47眼,其中提上睑肌缩短术25例28眼、额肌瓣悬吊术10例12眼、阔筋膜悬吊术7例7眼,比较手术效果,上睑弧度、双重睑成形情况及手术并发症情况。结果:采用提上睑肌缩短术者,术后外观自然美观,兔眼恢复时间短,效果满意;采用额肌瓣悬吊术者术后外形欠自然、兔眼恢复时间长;采用阔筋膜悬吊术者,上睑迟滞和眼睑闭合不全较明显,易发生矫正不足。结论:三种手术方式均能有效治疗先天性上睑下垂。提上睑肌缩短术更符合生理状态,手术效果最好且并发症少。     

上睑提肌缩短上横韧带悬吊治疗重度上睑下垂

目的　探讨治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的有效手术方法。方法　对 3 1例 (4 3眼 )平均年龄 11. 2 5岁的重度先天性上睑下垂施行上睑提肌缩短联合上横韧带悬吊术。此改进的术式与常规术式不同之处在于将上睑提肌缩短术与上横韧带悬吊术两种手术相结合。结果　术后随访 6月～ 2 5年 ,平均 1 5年。治愈 41眼 ,治愈率 95 . 3 5 %,效果满意。结论　上睑提肌缩短联合上横韧带悬吊术治疗重度上睑下垂效果肯定 ,在改善功能和美学方面优势明显。     

上睑提肌缩短术治疗不同年龄不同肌力的重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效观察

目的探讨上睑提肌缩短术对于不同年龄、不同肌力的重症上睑下垂的远期治疗效果。方法观察2008年1月至2009年8月在我院进行治疗的重症上睑下垂32例（40眼）术后1年的效果,所有患者均采用上睑提肌缩短术治疗,手术效果分为良好、尚好、差及过矫4级。所有患者按年龄分为两组（0—5岁组及6—25岁组）,并且按上睑提肌肌力又分为两组（〈2mm,32mm）。结果不同年龄组之间比较：达I级疗效的,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;不同肌力组之间进行比较：达I级疗效的,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对于重度先天性上睑下垂,只要不影响视功能,可等待至6岁以后采用上睑提肌缩短术治疗,对肌力≥2mm者的疗效优于肌力〈2mm者。上睑提肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂。     

Maximal levator resection in the treatment of unilateral congenital ptosis with poor levator function

From 1994 to 1999, 1121 operations for blepharoptosis were performed in our department on 987 patients. In 44 cases we found a moderate to severe congenital ptosis with a levator function of less than 2 mm. Until today, in such cases, it is recommended to use a frontalis suspension in order to elevate the upper eyelid. Unsatisfactory cosmetic results in facial expression and lack of skin-fold are only a few of the disadvantages of this technique. In 1994, therefore, we decided to perform a maximal levator resection in the treatment of unilateral congenital ptosis with poor levator function. All children included in our study were younger than six years of age. The ptosis was moderate (2-4 mm) in 36/44 and severe (>4 mm) in 8/44 cases. The levator function was less than 2 mm. Complete transsection of the medial and lateral horn of the levator aponeurosis under preservation of the Whitnall ligament is the most important surgical step in mobilizing the levator muscle. A satisfactory eyelid elevation (generally considered to be a difference of less than 1 mm between both eyelid fissures) was achieved in 36/44 cases. Our results indicate that, in contrast to established practice, maximal levator resection is the treatment of choice for congenital ptosis with poor levator function.     

两种手术方式治疗中重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效比较

目的：评价上睑提肌缩短术(LS)和额肌筋膜悬吊术(FMFS)治疗中重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效。

方法：回顾性分析2014-01/2017-12于我院住院手术的中重度先天性上睑下垂患者145例188眼,根据手术方式分为LS组(55例71眼)和FMFS组(90例117眼)。术后随访观察两组患者的手术疗效及并发症发生情况。

结果：术后12mo,LS组和FMFS组的手术效果\〖满意率(20.0% vs 32.2%)、基本满意率(70.9% vs 60.0%)、不满意率(9.1% vs 7.8%)\〗无明显差异(U=-1.415,P=0.147),但年龄<5岁的患者中FMFS组满意率高于LS组(32.0% vs 8.7%),两组患者手术疗效有明显差异(U=-2.244,P=0.025)。本组患者手术并发症均发生于术后1～15d,其中结膜脱垂仅发生于LS组(11例11眼),眼睑血肿仅发生于FMFS组(4例4眼),暴露性角膜炎、睑内翻倒睫、睑缘畸形、睑球分离在两组患者中均有发生。

结论：LS术和FMFS术对中重度先天性上睑下垂均有良好的矫正效果,FMFS术在5岁以下患者中手术满意率更高。     

Early Frontalis Flap Surgery as First Option to Correct Congenital Ptosis with Poor Levator Function

Abstract

In congenital blepharoptosis the upper eyelid cannot be lifted normally because of congenital impairment in the levator function. The descended eyelid margin partially or completely obstructs of the visual axis with the consequent risk of amblyopia. Frontalis suspension is the surgery of choice for ptosis with poor levator function creating a linkage between the frontalis muscle and the tarsus; the frontalis muscle is used to elevate the eyelid. Direct transplantation of frontalis muscle to the upper eyelid has been widely described. We report our experience using frontalis flap in congenital ptosis with poor levator function in children.

Methods: Retrospective study of 30 eyes with severe congenital ptosis and poor levator function treated by means of direct frontalis flap. Mean age 2 years. Eyelid measurements were taken at baseline, 1, 3, 12 months postoperatively and last visit. Mean ptosis degree was 5?mm (3--8?mm) and levator function 2?mm (1--5?mm). The presence of complications, flap function and palpebral contour were evaluated. Mean follow up time was 27 months. At last visit, ptosis degree ranged from 0 to 3?mm.

Discussion: Direct advancement of the frontalis muscle to treat severe eyelid ptosis is effective and stable in the long term avoiding the use of a linking structure, therefore the risk of foreign-body reaction, absorption, granuloma and late exposure, as well as the need for a second visible incision in the forehead. Patients learn how to control the lid height by means of the frontalis muscle achieving more symmetry.     

Therapeutic Algorithm for Congenital Ptosis Repair with Levator Resection and Frontalis Suspension: Results and Literature Review

Background: Several treatments have been described for the treatment of congenital ptosis, but there are few studies that analyze the effectiveness of a therapeutic approach rather than a single technique. Aims: In this study, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of our therapeutic algorithm, which relies on levator muscle resection and frontalis suspension with silicone rods, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or autologous fascia lata. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients affected by congenital ptosis who underwent corrective surgery at a single department between January 1998 and January 2016. Results: A total of 116 procedures were performed in 86 patients, accounting for 35 levator resections, 67 frontalis suspensions, and 14 revisions. A satisfactory result was observed in 65 cases after one procedure (75.6%). Complications occurred in 13 cases after primary surgery (15.1%). Ptosis relapse was observed in 25 cases after primary procedure (21.5%). Frontalis suspension displayed a higher number of complications than levator resection (22.2% vs 3.1%, p=0.02). Conclusion: Our therapeutic algorithm was effective in 75.6% after one procedure. Frontalis suspension procedures encountered a higher rate of complication than levator resection. Fascia lata should be preferred to silicon rods whenever possible due to the lower recurrence rate. These issues confirm the therapeutic algorithm, although larger prospective studies are necessary to validate our approach.     

Direct Frontalis Flap with and without Levator Pulley for Correction of Severe Ptosis with Poor Levator Function in the Same Patient

Purpose: To compare two techniques of frontalis muscle flap suspension in different eyelids of the same patient for correction of severe ptosis with minimal levator function.

Material and methods: A prospective study of four patients with severe bilateral ptosis and poor levator function, who underwent direct frontalis muscle flap on the right eyelid and frontalis muscle flap with levator pulley on the left eyelid was conducted. Eyelid studies measurements were taken at baseline, 2 months, one year and 5 years after surgery. The presence of complications, flap function and palpebral contour were evaluated.

Results: Despite the surgical technique performed, good results in terms of functionality, contour and aesthetics were observed. In the eyes that underwent frontalis muscle flap (FMF)-direct, there were 2 cases with moderate anteriorization of eyelid margin in extreme upgaze and all patients showed eyelash ptosis that persisted one year after surgery, but improved after 5 years. In the eyes that underwent FMF-pulley, no upgaze anteriorization of eyelid margin was observed and three patients had eyelash ptosis of lesser extent than the fellow eye, improving after 1 year follow-up. FMF-pulley showed more long-term stability in eyelid height, compared with FMF-direct.

Conclusions: Frontalis muscle flap with a pulley in the levator aponeurosis prevents some complications caused by the excessive vertical component of the direct frontalis muscle flap, especially in deep-set eye patients, with better stability of the eyelid height and contour over time.     

Treatment of congenital ptosis by maximal levator resection

The treatment of severe congenital ptosis may include frontalis suspension or maximal levator resection. A previous study of 145 consecutive frontalis suspensions for congenital ptosis showed a fairly high recurrence rate, frequent granuloma formation, and significant brow scars. In 28 patients undergoing 32 maximal levator resections utilizing our technique, 28 patients had excellent results. Two required reoperations and two additional patients had undercorrections that did not warrant reoperation. There were no significant complications. We believe that maximal levator resection is a better surgical alternative than frontalis suspension in the treatment of severe congenital ptosis whether unilateral or bilateral. In our experience, maximal levator resection provides a better cosmetic result and the recurrence rate is probably less than with frontalis suspension.     

Levator resection for congenital ptosis: Does pre-operative levator function or degree of ptosis affect successful outcome?

The aim of this study was to determine whether pre-operative levator function and degree of ptosis affect surgical outcomes in children with congenital ptosis undergoing anterior levator resection under general anaesthesia. Retrospective cohort study. Children with ‘simple’ congenital ptosis who underwent anterior levator resection under general anaesthesia. Consecutive cases were reviewed with regards to achievement of the desired lid height (surgical success), and the influence of preoperative levator function and degree of ptosis. The amount of pre-operative levator function and degree of ptosis, with corresponding surgical outcomes. Forty-two lids (37 patients) were included in the study: 36 primary and 6 revision cases (which were excluded from analysis due to small sample size). Mean age was 7 years (range 3–17 years), with similar male to female ratio (1.2:1). The overall success rate for primary was 86%. There were small to moderate trends towards greater amount of levator resection for lower levator function (r² = -0.25, p < 0.05) and higher degree of ptosis (r² = 0.38, p < 0.05). All successful primary cases (n = 31) had pre-operative levator function of at least 8 mm. Levator resection in children under general anaesthesia continues to be an imprecise science. Degree of ptosis and levator function were poorly correlated to each other; however, there was an expected small to moderate correlation between resection amount and levator function (negative correlation) or degree of ptosis (positive correlation). Patients with levator function of 8mm or more are likely to have a successful outcome.     

上睑提肌缩短上横韧带徙前治疗重度上睑下垂

目的 探讨上睑提肌缩短并上横韧带徙前固定于睑板的方法治疗中重度先天性上睑下垂的效果。方法 对11例(17眼)中重度先天性上睑下垂进行上睑提肌缩短合并上横韧带徙前手术治疗。结果 上睑下垂矫正满意11眼(64．71％)．矫正良好5眼(29．41％)，矫正不足1眼(5．88％)。结论 借助上横韧带的力量增加上睑提肌缩短的作用达到提上睑的目的，手术成功率高，矫正效果满意。